E-Waste kanye nakho konke okubandakanya
I-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ibhekisela ku-Electronic Waste njenge "imikhiqizo kagesi elahliwe ngabathengi."
Lokhu kungacacile, ngakho-ke cabanga nge-E-Waste njengenguqulo ye-electronic of lokho ongayithola ekhishini likadoti. Kuyisidlo esinobuthi kuphela.
Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekuHlukeni kwe-Electronic nokuthi kusebenza kanjani kumathelevishini. I-E-Waste, noma kunjalo, isebenza nasezinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-electronics ngokusho kwe-EPA:
- Abaqaphi bekhompyutha
- Ama-computer namakhompiyutha ekhompiyutha
- Imishini yomsindo ne- stereo
- Ama-VCR kanye nabadlali be-DVD
- Amakhamera wevidiyo
- Amathoni, amafoni weselula, namanye amadivayisi angenantambo
- Imishini yefeksi nokukopisha
- Izidakamizwa zegeyimu yevidiyo
Yini E-Waste?
I-E-Waste ilahlwa imikhiqizo ye-electronics. Ukulahlwa okungalungile kuthinta impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ngoba eminingi yale mikhiqizo iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi.
Ukulahlwa okungalungile kungahle kulahle i-TV yakho yangaphambili ye-analog ensimini ngendlu yakho, endaweni yokudiliza impahla, yokupaka izimoto noma umkhiqizi ovuselela kabusha ngokungekho emthethweni ukuyithumela ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe. Isihluthulelo sokukhumbula ukuthi ukulahla okungalungile kungabangela umthelela onobungozi ochaphazela indlu yakho.
Umthelela we-E-Waste mayelana neethelevishini ezidalwa ukuguqulwa kwedijithali ngenxa yabantu abaningi namabhizinisi athatha ama-TV anama-analog anamamodeli we-digital.
Amakhemikhali ayingozi kumaThelevishini
Imithelevishini iqukethe ihola, i-mercury, i-cadmium, ne-retardants yama-flame. Ngokusho kwe-EPA, "lezi zinto zifakwe kwimikhiqizo yezici ezibalulekile zokusebenza, kodwa zingabangela izinkinga uma imikhiqizo ingalawulwa kahle ekupheleni kokuphila."
- Ukuhola yizinto eziyinhloko zokukhathazeka ngenxa yazo zonke i-TV ze-analog ezithathwe esikhundleni se-TV yedijithali. Itholakala ngokuyinhloko kuma-TV we-cathode ray tube (CRT), ngokuvamile equkethe noma yikuphi kusuka kwamakhilogremu amane wokuhola, okutholakala kakhulu ku-tube.
- Ukuhola kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ikakhulukazi izingane. Ngokuphathelene namathelevishini e-analog, i-Georgia Department of Human Resources yathi ingane evezwe ukuhola "ingase ihlakulele i-anemia, i-stomachache eqinile, ubuthakathaka bomzimba, nokulimala komqondo. Amazinga aphansi okuhola angathinta nokukhula kwengqondo nengokwenyama kwengane. "
- I-Mercury ayiyona kuphela i-thermometers njengoba itholakala nasezintabeni zama-flat. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izibani ezisetshenziswe ziqukethe i-mercury, "eyingozi kakhulu emithini ephansi, futhi ibangela ukulimala kwengqondo nobuchopho" ngokusho kwe-Take Back My TV.
- Ukukhanyisa kwamapaneli aphansi kuthuthukile ngokuthuthukiswa kwesibani se-cathode fluorescent (CCFLs) kanye ne-diode-lighting emission (LED), engasebenzisi i-mercury.
- I-Cadmium itholakala ekugqokeni kwe-phosphor ebeka ngaphakathi izikrini eziningi ze-CRT. I-EPA yaqala ukulawula i-cadmium ngo-1974 nge-Safe Drinking Act Act.
- Lokhu kuyisimo esingathí sina esiyingozi empilweni yesikhathi eside. I-EPA ithi i-cadmium ingabangela izinso, isibindi, amathambo kanye nomonakalo wegazi uma kuvezwe emazingeni aphezulu esikhathini eside.
- I-Cadmium ingangenelela emthonjeni wethu wokudla ngokuhamba emigqeni yomhlabathi futhi ithathwe imifino enamagatsha, izimpande zitshalo, okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu, ngokusho kwe-Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
- Ama-retardants ama-flame ase-brominated (BFRs) ayaziwa ukuthi abangela ukulimala kwe-hormone nezinhlelo zokuzala. Zitholakala kuma-plastiki, njengama-protective cases, amabhodi wesifunda, nezintambo ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngomlilo.
- I-Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (i-SVTC) ibika ukuthi i-BFR "ayinaki ukunakwa, ukufunda, inkumbulo nokuziphatha ezilwaneni ze-laboratory." I-SVTC ithi ama-BFR atholakala ezincelweni zasolwandle, amaqanda nezinhlanzi nezinyoni kanye nobisi lomuntu, i-serum ne-adipose izicubu.
Izinkinga zezempilo zeTV ezilahliwe
UMnyango wezeMithombo yaseBeorgia, iCandelo lezeMpilo kaHulumeni wakhipha isitatimende esikhuthaza ukusetshenziselwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa kwezingcingo ze-analog ngenxa yenguquko yedijithali.
Esikhathini esitatimendeni, uDkt. Sandra Elizabeth Ford, owayengumqondisi ophethe i-Division of Public Health, wathi, "Sikhuthaza izakhamizi ukuba zivuselele noma ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zibuke izinhlelo zabo zokubuka ama-analog njengoba eziningi zalezi zigcawu zizophela ekufakweni komhlaba kanye nezinqwaba ezingenayo indawo ezingase zingcolise inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. "
Ukukhathazeka kwezempilo akukhawulelwe eGeorgia.
Ngokusho kwe-Electronics TakeBack Coalition, amazwe ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye neNew York City baye balahleka imithetho yokuvinjelwa ngokuphathelene nethelevishini. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezi zizwe kanye nosuku oluqala ukusebenza ngalo:
- I-Arkansas - January 2008
- California - February 2006
- Connecticut - January 2011
- UMaine - Julayi 2006
- EMassachusetts - ngo-Ephreli 2000
- Minnesota - July 2006
- I-New Jersey - Januwari 2010
- I-New Hampshire -Julayi 2007
- I-New York City - Julayi 2010
- North Carolina - January 2012
- Oregon - January 2010
- Rhode Island - Julayi 2008
Ukuziphendulela nokuqiniswa Kwezomthetho
Ihhovisi le-Accountability Account (i-GAO) libhekiselele kubathengi be-electronics ngokuphindaphindiwe okushiwo yi-Umbiko ka-Agasti 2008 enesihloko esithi "I-EPA Imfuneko Yokulawula Okungcono Izindleko Zamazwe ase-US ngokusebenzisa Ukuqiniswa Okuqinile Nokuqondisisa Okubanzi."
I-GAO ikhiphe ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinkampani zokuvuselela zaseMelika ezingekho emthethweni zokuthumela ama-elektroniki amadala emazweni asathuthuka ukuze aphulwe phansi, okuyinto inkinga ngoba la mazwe "anemikhuba yokuphequlula kabusha engaphephile."
Ngenxa yalokho, i-GAO incoma ukuthi i-EPA iqale ukuphoqa imithetho futhi ikhulise "igunya layo lokulawula ukubhekana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amakhompiyutha asetshenziselwa ukulimaza."
Lapho Ukuthatha I-TV Yakho
Kungaba kuhle uma yonke ibhizinisi elithembisa ukubuyisela ngokuthembeka i-TV ehlala ngumthetho, kodwa akunjalo.
Imibiko kaNovemba ka- 60 ka-Novemba 2008 ethi "I-Electronic Wasteland" yabonisa ukuthutha okungekho emthethweni kwababonisi be-CRT abavela eDenver kuya eChina okwaholela edolobheni lapho abantu nezilwane behlala khona emthonjeni onobuthi. Ividiyo: I-Electronic Wasteland
Kungenzeka ukuthi iwebhusayithi enhle kakhulu ukuthola inhlangano ehloniphekile yokuvuselela kabusha iwebhusayithi ye-EPA's eCycling website, echaza izinhlelo zokukhiqiza kabusha nezingenzi nzuzo ezithinta imboni yabathengi.