Izingxenye zokugoba ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye-electronics. I-Solder ayihlanganisi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi ezingxenyeni ezingabangela ukuhlanganiswa okubi kwe-solder, izikhonkwane ezigqamile, noma ngisho noma akukho okuhlangene nhlobo. Isixazululo sezinkinga ezixhunyaniswe nge-solder ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti ye-flux kanye nokushisa okulungile.
Kuyini i-Flux?
Lapho i-solder iyancibilika bese ihlanganisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili zensimbi, empeleni ihlanganisa isibopho se-metallurgical ngokusebenza ngamakhemikhali nezinye izakhiwo zensimbi. Isibopho esihle sidinga izinto ezimbili, i-solder ehambisana ne-metallurgically iyahambisana nezinsimbi eziboshwe kanye nezinsimbi ezinhle, ezingenayo i-oxydes, uthuli, kanye nokuzikhandla okuvimbela ukubopha okuhle. I-Grime nomhlabathi kungasuswa kalula ngokuhlanza noma kuvinjelwe ngamasu okugcina okuhle. Amakhemikhali, ngakolunye uhlangothi adinga enye indlela.
I-oxide ifomu cishe cishe zonke izinsimbi lapho i-oksijeni iphendula nge-metal. Ngensimbi, i-oxidation ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-rust, kodwa kwenzeka ku-tin, aluminium, ithusi, isiliva, futhi cishe yonke insimbi esetshenziswe nge-elekthronikhi. Ama-oxide enza ukugoqa okuningi kunzima ngisho noma kungenakwenzeka, ukuvimbela isibopho se-metallurgical ne-solder. I-oxidization iyenzeka sonke isikhathi, kodwa iyenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, njengalapho i-soldering i-Flux ihlanza izinsimbi zensimbi futhi iphendula ngendwangu ye-oxide, ishiya indawo ibanjwe ngesibopho esihle se-solder. I-Flux ihlala phezu kwensimbi ngenkathi i-soldering evimbela ama-oxide engeziwe angakha ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-soldering. Njenge-solder, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-solder, ngayinye enezinto ezisemqoka kanye nokunye ukulinganiselwa.
Izinhlobo ze-Flux
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, uketshezi okufakwe engxenyeni yocingo lwe-solder kwanele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana lapho uketshezi oluthe xaxa kuzuzisa kakhulu, njengokwenyuka kwe-mounting soldering nokubhujiswa. Kuzo zonke izimo, i-flux engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa iyinkimbinkimbi encane kakhulu (enobudlova okungenani enobudlova) eyosebenza ku-oxide ezinxenyeni futhi ibangele isibopho esihle se-solder.
Rosin Flux
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zokushisa ezisetshenzisiwe zisuselwe ekutheni i-pine (ehlanjululwe futhi ehlanzwe) ebizwa nge-rosin. I-Rosin flux isasetshenziselwa namhlanje, kodwa ngokuvamile iyinhlanganisela ye-flux yokwandisa uketshezi, ukusebenza kwayo, nezici. I-flux efanele izogeleza kalula, ikakhulukazi uma ishisa, isusa ama-oxide ngokushesha, futhi isisiza ukususa izinhlayiya zangaphandle ebusweni bensimbi esetshenzisiwe. I-Rosin flux i-aciding uma i-liquid, kodwa uma ipholile iqina futhi ivulekile. Njengoba i-rosin flux ingena lapho iqinile, ingashiywa kwi-PCB ngaphandle kokulimaza isifunda ngaphandle uma isifunda sizofudumala endaweni lapho i-rosin ingaba khona futhi iqale ukudla ekuxhumaneni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu njalo inqubo enhle yokukhipha i-rosin flux ivela kwi-PCB. Futhi, uma ukugqoka okuhambisanayo kusetshenziselwa noma izimonyo ze-PCB zibalulekile, ukusalela kwe-flux kufanele kususwe. I-Rosin flux ingasuswa ngotshwala.
I-Organic Acid Flux
Enye yamafeseshi avamile asetshenziselwa ukuphuma kwamanzi e-acid e-soluble (OA). Ama-acids ajwayelekile asebenzayo asetshenziselwa i-acid organic flux, njenge-citric, lactic, ne-stearic acid phakathi kwabanye. Ama-asidi e-organic ebuthakathaka ahlanganiswe nama-solvents afana ne-isopropyl alcohol kanye namanzi. Ama-flux acid fluxes aqina ukuthi i-rosin fluxes futhi ihlanze ama-oxide ngokushesha. Ukwengeza, isimo semvelo esisetshenziselwa amanzi se-organic acid flux sivumela i-PCB ukuba ihlanzwe kalula ngamanzi avamile (vele uvikele izingxenye ezingafanele zimanzi!). Ukuhlanza i-acid organic flux kuyadingeka ngoba le nsalela iyasebenza kagesi futhi iyoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwesifunda, uma kungaholeli umonakalo uma isifunda isebenza ngaphambi kokuba kuhlale kuhlanzekile.
I-Acor Acid Flux engavamile
Inketho eqinile ukuthi ukuqubuka okuphilayo kuyimvelo ejwayelekile, okuyiyona inhlanganisela yama-acids anamandla afana ne-hydrocloric acid, i-zinc chloride, ne-ammonium chloride. I-inorganic acid flux ihloswe kakhulu ezintweni ezinamandla ezifana nethusi, ithusi, nensimbi engagqwali. I-inorganic acid flux idinga ukuhlanza okuphelele ngemva kokusetshenziselwa ukukhipha konke okusalayo okuvela ezindaweni ezizokwenza buthaka noma ukubhubhisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-solder uma kushiyiwe endaweni. Ukushisa kwe-asidi engavumelekile akufanele isetshenziselwe umsebenzi womhlangano we-elektroniki noma umsebenzi kagesi.
Ama-Solder Fumes
Umusi nemifudu ekhishwe ngenkathi i-soldering ayinhle ukuyivula. Ihlanganisa amakhemikhali ambalwa amakhemikhali avela kuma-acids kanye nokuphendula kwawo ngezingqimba ze-oxide. Ngokuvamile izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-formaldehyde, i-toluene, i-alcohols namafutha acidic zikhona emfucumfuceni we-solder. Lezi ziphunga zingabangela ukuba i-asthma futhi ikhulise ukungahloniphi emfucumfuceni we-solder. I-Cancer kanye nezingozi zokuhola ezivela emfucumfuceni we-solder ziphansi kakhulu ngoba iphuzu elibilisayo le-solder lishisa izikhathi eziningana kunokushisa okubilisayo kokushisa nokushisa kwe-solder. Umngcipheko omkhulu kunazo zonke ukuphathwa kwe-solder ngokwayo. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe uma usebenzisa i-solder, ngokugxila ekuhlanjuleni izandla nokugwema ukudla, ukuphuza nokubhema ezindaweni eziqubuzelayo ukuvimbela ukungena ekungeneni emzimbeni.