Ama-capacitors angenye yezinto ezivamile ze-elekthronikhi futhi atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamakhono. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-capacitor lunezici zezimpawu nezakhiwo ezenza zifaneleke kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, izindawo, nemikhiqizo. Ama-Capacitors ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngesimo sabo sefomu kanye nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe nge-dielectric asetshenziselwa isikhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-capacitor lunemibono ephawulekayo emalinganisweni avamile futhi atholakalayo wokubekezelelana kwamakhono, ukulinganisa kwamandla, izinga lokushisa lokushisa, ukulinganisa okulinganayo (ESR), ubukhulu, nokuthembeka okuthinta indlela abaziphatha ngayo ezweni langempela . Lokhu kungezwani kunomthelela ekukhethweni kwamakhono, okwenza amanye ama-capacitors abe mkhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nomthombo wenkathazo kwabanye.
Ama-Capacitors wefilimu
Ama-capacitors amafilimu angenye yezinhlobo ezivamile zezibalo. Ama-film capacitors afaka umndeni omkhulu wezikhwama nge umehluko omkhulu njengoba izinto ezisetshenziselwa uketshezi. Izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-polyester (i-mylar), i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene polycarbonate, iphepha elihlanganisiwe ne-Teflon. Ama-capacitors amafilimu atholakalayo ngamanani kusukela ku-pF (picoFarads) kuze kufike kuma-100 we-uF (microFarads). I-high voltage film capacitors iyatholakala futhi, ngokulinganisa kwamandla kagesi okungaphezu kwama-volts angu-500. Inzuzo yama-capacitors amafilimu, ikakhulukazi ama-film capacitors asebenzisa amafilimu epulasitiki, aphila isikhathi eside futhi amanani amakhono azinzile.
Ama-capacitors amafilimu atholakala ezinkampanini eziningana zephakheji namafomu efomu. Amafomu okuvame kakhulu amafilimu ama-capacitors ama-cylindrical, oval, round, and rectangular kanye namafomu amaningi amafomu atholakala nge-axial kanye ne-radial.
Ama-Capaclytic Capacitors
Ama-capacitors e-electrolytic anamanye amanani aphakeme kakhulu okukhishwa kwamandla kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwabaxhasi. Ama-electrolytic ama-capacitor akhiwe ngefilimu encane yensimbi kanye nesisombululo se-electrolytic semi-liquid. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zalezi zinto kubenza baqoqwe futhi banikeze indawo enkulu futhi ngakho-ke basize ukwakha amandla amakhulu. Njengoba isisombululo se-electrolytic siqhuba futhi sisetshenziswe njenge-electrode yesibili ku-electrolytic capacitor, uhlaka oluyingcosana lwe-dielectric oxide lukhulile kwifilimu yensimbi, ukuvimbela ifilimu yensimbi ukuba ifinyelele kuxazululo we-electrolytic. Ifilimu ye-dielectric inomzimba omncane kakhulu okwandisa kakhulu ikhono le-capacitor electrolytic.
Ama-capacitors e-electrolytic afika nokulinganiselwa okubalulekile, ukugcizelela nokulinganisa amanani. Ukuphazamiseka kwamakhansela e-electrolytic ukuthi iningi lazo lihlehliswa futhi kunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ukufaka i-capacitor ye-electrolytic ngemuva kuyoholela ekubhujisweni okusheshayo kwekhono, ngokuvamile ngokuhlukumezeka okungenzeka kube nomonakalo kunoma yini eseduze. Wonke ama-capacitor e-electrolytic ahlongozwayo afakwe uphawu lwawo olubonisa uphawu olubi olubonisa ukuthi iyiphi ipini okumelwe igcinwe emandleni angaphansi kakhulu kagesi. Ukulinganisa kwemithamo yamandla amaningi e-electrolytic kuncane, kodwa kungatholakala nge-voltage ratings kuze kube ngamakhulu angama-volts.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zezibalo zamandla kagesi ziyi-aluminium electrolytic capacitors kanye ne-tantalum capacitors. Ama-capacitors e-Tantalum ahluke ezinkampanini eziningi ze-electrolytic ngoba zibukeka njengezikhwama ze-ceramic. Ngokungafani nama-capacitor e-ceramic, ama-tantalum capacitors ahlongozwa. Kodwa-ke, i-tantalum capacitors inamandla kakhulu kunezimpawu eziguquguqukayo kunama-capacitory electrolytic capacitors futhi ngezinye izikhathi zifakwa ochungechungeni nazo zombili iziphazamisi ezingasebenzi ezixhunywe ukwakha tantalum capacitor "engekho polarized". Ama-tantalum capacitors amancane kakhulu kunama-capacitor e-aluminium electrolytic futhi anezimpuphu ezincane zokuvuza ezenza kube lula ukuvimbela isignali eziningi, ngokudlula, ukudonsa, ukuhlunga, nokufaka isikhathi.
Ama-Capacitors eCeramic
Ama-capacitor e-Ceramic amanye ama-capacitors ajwayelekile kakhulu asetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokusebenza eziphezulu. Zenziwe ngokugqoka i-disc ceramic noma ipuleti ngomqhubi bese uxhuma eziningana ndawonye. I-ceramic esetshenzisiwe ine-dielectric ephakeme kakhulu, evumela ama-capacitor e-ceramic abe nenani eliphakeme kakhulu le-capacitance value ngobukhulu obuncane. Ngokungafani nama-capacitors e-electrolytic, ama-capacitor e-ceramic awayekwehliswa kodwa amandla abo ahamba ngokushintshwa okungahambisani nendawo njengoba izinga lokushisa kwabo lishintsha. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ama-capacitor e-ceramic asetshenziselwa ukusikaza noma ukuchitha ama-capacitors. Ama-capacitor e-Ceramic atholakalayo ngamanani kusukela ku-pF ambalwa kuya ku-UF amaningana futhi anezilinganiso zamandla kusuka ku-volts ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ze-volts.
Ezinye izinhlobo zabaphathi
Izinhlobo eziningana ezikhethekile ze-capacitors ziyatholakala kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Ama-capacitor noma aguquguqukayo ama-capacitors angama-capacitors ane-capacitance eguquguqukayo futhi ayawusizo ekuhleleni okuhle noma isinxephezelo esifundeni. Ama-ultra capacitors anama-capacitors anezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zamakhono, ngokuvamile anekhono eliphakeme kune-farad eyodwa. Zivame ukuvutha kwamandla kodwa zigcina amandla okwanele okufaka amabhethri esikhundleni kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.