Amaphutha kanye nokwehluleka kwesigaba kuyiqiniso lokuphila. Amapulangwe wesifunda azokwenziwa ngamaphutha kuwo, izingxenye zizobe zithengiswa emuva noma endaweni engafanele, futhi izingxenye zihamba kahle konke okuzokwenza umsebenzi wesifunda ngokungafanele noma cha. Ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-PCB kungaba umsebenzi obalulekile okhokhisa kokubili intando nomqondo. Ngenhlanhla kukhona amasu namasu ambalwa angasheshisa kakhulu ukucinga kwesici esibucayi. '
Ukuxazululwa kwe-PCB
Amapulangwe wesifunda aphrintiwe, noma ama-PCB, ayingqwaba ye-insulators kanye namathrekhi wezethusi axhuma izingxenye eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ukudala isifunda lanamuhla. Ukuxazulula inkinga ye-PCB eningi kakhulu kuyinkinga enkulu, ngezici ezifana nobukhulu, inani lezendlalelo, ukuhlaziywa kwesignali, nezinhlobo zezingxenye ezidlala indima enkulu ekukhululeni kokuxazulula izinkinga. Amanye amabhodi azinzima azodinga imishini ekhethekile ukuxazululwa kahle, kodwa ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi kungenziwa ngezinto eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa i-electronic ukulandela amathrekhi, ama-currents, nezimpawu ezijikelezayo.
Amathuluzi we-PCB Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ze-PCB kungenziwa ngamathuluzi ambalwa nje. Ithuluzi elinezimo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu i-multimeter, kodwa kuye ngokuthi ubunzima be-PCBs kanye nenkinga, imitha ye-LCR, i-oscilloscope, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nomhlaziyi wombhalo kungase kudingeke futhi ukumba ngokujulile ekuziphatheni kokusebenza kwesifunda.
Ukuhlolwa Okubukwayo
Ukuhlola okubukwayo kwama-PCB kungathola izinkinga eziningana ezingenzeka. Amathrekhi aqokiwe, izingxenye ezishisiwe, izibonakaliso zokushisa, kanye nezingxenye ezingekho zingatholakala kalula ngokuhlola okubukwayo. Ezinye izingxenye ezishisayo, ezonakaliswe ngogesi okwedlulele, azikwazi ukubonwa kalula, kodwa ukuhlolwa okubukisiwe okubukwayo noma iphunga kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona ingxenye ewonakele. Izingxenye ezikhukhulayo kungenye inkomba enhle yomthombo wenkinga, ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi be- electrolytic .
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo
Isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphesheya kokuhlolwa okubukwayo sihlolwe ngokomzimba ngamandla asetshenziselwa isifunda. Ngokuthinta ubuso be-PCB nezinsimbi ebhodini, izindawo ezishisayo zingatholakala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhamera ye-thermographic ebiza kakhulu. Uma kutholakala isitho esishisayo, ingahle ikhiphe nge-compressed air ekheniwe ukuze kuvivinywe ukusebenza kwesifunda nendawo ekushiseni okuphansi. Le nqubo ingaba yingozi futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela kuma-circuits aphansi amavolumu nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.
Uma uthinta umzimba wesiphakamiso esinezimpande, kufanele kuqashwe izinyathelo eziningana zokuqapha. Qinisekisa ukuthi isandla esisodwa kuphela sixhumana nesifunda nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwethuka kagesi ukuhamba phakathi kwenhliziyo, ukushaqeka okungase kubulale. Ukugcina isandla esisodwa ephaketheni lakho kuyindlela enhle uma usebenza kuma-circuits aphile ukuze uvimbele ukushaqeka okunjalo. Ukuqinisekisa zonke izindlela ezikhona ezikhona emhlabathini, ezinjengezinyawo zakho noma i-straing non-resistive rocking strap, zixhunyiwe nazo zibalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaqeka.
Ukuthinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesifunda nakho kuzoguqula impedance yesifunda engashintsha ukuziphatha kwesistimu futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukukhomba izindawo esifundeni ezidinga amandla okusebenza okusebenza kahle.
Ukuvivinya okuHlangayo okuPhakathi
Ngokuvamile amasu aphumelelayo kakhulu ekuxazulula inkinga ye-PCB ukuhlola isakhi ngasinye. Ukuhlola ukumelana ngamunye, i-capacitor, i-diode, i-transistor, i-inductor, i-MOSFET, i-LED, kanye nezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezingahle zenziwe nge-multimeter noma i-LCR meter. Izingxenye ezingaphansi noma ezilingana nenani elibekiwe, ingxenye ihle kakhulu, kepha uma inani lezinxenye liphakeme kunesibonakaliso sokuthi ingxenye yimbi noma ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-solder kubi. Ama-diodes kanye neziphequluli zingabhekwa ngokusebenzisa imodi yokuhlola idiode ku-multimeter. I-base-emitter (BE) kanye neqoqo lokuqoqa isisekelo (BC) ye-transistor kufanele iphathe njengezididi eziphathekayo nokuziphatha ngendlela eyodwa kuphela nge-voltage efanayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Nodal kungenye indlela evumela ukuhlolwa okungenamandla kwezingxenye ngokusebenzisa amandla kuleso sakhi esisodwa bese ulinganisa imphendvulo yayo ye-voltage vs yamanje (V / I).
Ukuhlolwa kwe-IC
Izingxenye ezinzima kunazo zonke ukuhlola yi-IC. Ama-IC amaningi angabonwa kalula ngokumaketha kwawo futhi amaningi angahlolwa ngokusebentisa ama-oscilloscopes nama-analytical logic, kodwa inani le-ICs ekhethekile ekulungiselelweni okuhlukahlukene kanye nezinkampani ze-PCB zingenza ukuhlolwa kwe-IC kuyinselele kakhulu. Ngokuvamile inqubo ewusizo ukuqhathanisa ukuziphatha kwesifunda esivumelwaneni esihle esaziwayo, okufanele sisize ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle ukuphuma.