Ukuqaphela Izingxenye Ezihlulekile
Izingxenye zihluleka futhi izinto ziphuka. Kuyiqiniso lokuphila nobunjiniyela. Okunye ukwehluleka kwezinto kungagwenywa ngemikhuba emihle yokuklama, kepha abaningi bangaphandle kwezandla zabaqambi. Ukubona ingxenye ekhubazayo futhi kungani kungenzeka ukuthi ihlulekile isinyathelo sokuqala sokulungisa umklamo nokwandisa ukuthembeka kwesistimu eye yabhekana nokuhluleka kwezinto.
Yeka ukuthi ama-Components ahluleka kanjani
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani izingxenye zihluleka. Okunye ukwehluleka kuyashesha futhi kunomusa lapho kunesikhathi sokubona ingxenye bese uyishintsha ngaphambi kokuthi ihluleke ngokuphelele futhi imishini isezansi. Okunye ukwehluleka kuyashesha, kubudlova futhi kungalindelekile, konke okuhlolwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi somkhiqizo. Ezinye zezizathu ezivame kakhulu zezingxenye zokuhluleka zihlanganisa:
- Ngaphezulu kwamanje
- Ngaphezulu kwamandla
- Ngaphezu kokushisa
- Ixhunywe ngokungalungile
- Shintsha esimweni sokusebenza
- Ukukhubazeka kokukhiqiza
- Ukushaqeka kwamandla
- Ukucindezeleka komzimba
- Umswakama
- Ukungcola
- Ukupakisha
- Ukuxhumana
- Ukuguga
- Ukuhluleka kwe-Cascading
- Ukubola
- Ukugquma
- I-Oxidizing
- Ukuphunyuka kwe-thermal
- Ukuxhuma okuxekethile
- Ukukhishwa kwe-ElectroStatic (ESD)
- Ukucindezeleka kagesi
- Umklamo wesifunda ombi
Ukuhluleka komzimba kulandela umkhuba. Ekuqaleni komshini wekhompiyutha, ukwehluleka kwezinto ezivamile kujwayelekile futhi ithuba lokuhluleka liyehla njengoba lisetshenzisiwe. Isizathu sokungena kwezinga lokuhluleka ukuthi izingxenye ezinamaphakheji, ama-soldering, kanye nokukhubazeka kokukhiqiza ngokuvamile zihluleka phakathi nemizuzu noma amahora wokuqala ukusebenzisa idivayisi. Yingakho abakhiqizi abaningi befaka amahora amaningana ashisa ngesikhathi semikhiqizo yabo. Lokhu kuvivinywa okulula kuphelisa amathuba okuba isakhi esibi singenelela ekusebenzeni kwenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kubangele idivayisi ephukile ngaphakathi kwamahora womsebenzisi wokugcina kuqala ukuyisebenzisa .
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuqala sokushisa, ukwehluleka kwezingxenye ngokuvamile kuya phansi futhi kwenzeke ngokungahleliwe. Njengoba izingxenye zisetshenziswa noma zihlala nje, zikhula. Ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali kwenza ukunciphisa izinga lokupakisha, izintambo, kanye nengxenye, futhi ukuhamba ngebhayisikili nomshini kuthatha umthamo wokusebenza kwamandla. Lezi zimbangela zenza izinga lokuhluleka likhuphuke ngokuqhubekayo njengominyaka wemikhiqizo. Yingakho ukwehluleka kuvame ukuhlukaniswa yibo noma imbangela yabo noma uma ihlulekile empilweni yento.
Ukukhomba isakhi esingapheli
Uma isakhi sihluleka kukhona izinkomba ezimbalwa ezingasiza ekuboneni ingxenye ehlulekile futhi ekusizeni ekulawuleni izinkinga ze-electronics . Lezi zikhombisi:
Kubonakala
Isibonakaliso esicacile kunazo zonke ukuthi isakhi esithile siphumelele ngukuhlola okubukwayo. Izingxenye ezihlulekile zivame ukushisa noma zishintshe izindawo, noma zikhuphuke futhi zanda. Ngokuvamile ama-Capacitors atholakale ekhululekile, ikakhulukazi ama-capacitor e-electrolytic ezungeze phezulu. Amaphakheji we-IC avame ukuba nomgodi omncane oshiswe kuwo lapho isitoreji esishisayo kuleyo ndawo siphunga ipulasitiki elizungeze indawo eshisayo yonke indlela ku-iphakheji ye-IC.
Hlonipha
Lapho izingxenye zihluleka, kwenzeka ukuthi kuvele ukugqithisa okushisa okubangela ukuthi umusi ophuzi obomvu kanye nomunye umusi omibalabala ukhishwe yinto ekhubazayo. Umusi uphinde ube nephunga elihlukile kakhulu futhi lihluka ngohlobo lwento. Lokhu kuvame ukubonisa ukuthi ukuhluleka kwezinto ezingaphezu kwedivayisi akusebenzi. Ngokuvamile iphunga elihlukile lenkampani ehlulekile lizohlala lizungeze ingxenye yezinsuku noma amasonto angasiza ekuboneni ingxenye ekhubazayo ngesikhathi sokuxazulula izinkinga.
Umsindo
Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zenza umsindo uma zihluleka. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngokuhluleka okusheshayo kokushisa, phezu kwemibandela, nangaphezulu kwezenzakalo zamanje. Uma isakhi sihluleka lokhu ngokuhlukumezeka, iphunga livame ukuhambisana nokuhluleka. Ukuzwa okuhlulekayo kuhluleka, futhi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izicucu zengxenye zizotholakala zihlulekile emkhiqizo ngakho ukukhomba ingxenye ehlulekile kungase yehle ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye engekho kwi-PCB noma ohlelweni.
Ukuhlola
Ngezinye izikhathi indlela kuphela yokubona into ehlulekile ukuhlola izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kungaba yinselele kakhulu kwi-PCB ngoba kaningi ezinye izingxenye zizokwenza ithonya ngoba zonke izilinganiso zihilela ukusebenzisa i-voltage encane noma yamanje, isifunda sizophendula futhi ukufundwa kungaphonswa. Uma uhlelo lusebenzisa ama-subassemblies amaningana, ngokuvamile ukushintsha esikhundleni se-subassemblies kuyindlela enhle yokunciphisa lapho udaba nalohlelo lukhona khona.