Konke okuhlulekayo ngesikhathi esithile ne-electronics akuyona into ehlukile. Ukwazi lezi zindlela ezintathu ezinkulu zokuhluleka kungasiza abaqambi ukuba bakhe imiklamo eqinile futhi bahlele nokuhluleka okulindelekile.
Amamodeli okuhluleka
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani izingxenye zihluleka . Okunye ukwehluleka kuyashesha futhi kunomusa lapho kunesikhathi sokubona ingxenye bese uyishintsha ngaphambi kokuthi ihluleke ngokuphelele futhi imishini isezansi. Okunye ukwehluleka kuyashesha, kubudlova futhi kungalindelekile, konke okuhlolwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi somkhiqizo.
Ukuhluleka kwePhakheji leMpahla
Iphakheji lento lihlinzeka ngemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko, ivikela ingxenye kusuka emvelweni futhi inikeze indlela yokuthi ingxenye ixhunywe esiteshini. Uma umkhawulo ukuvikela ingxenye kusuka ekuphukeni kwemvelo, izici zangaphandle ezifana nomswakama kanye ne-oksijeni kungasheshisa ukuguga kwalesi sigaba futhi kubangele ukuthi ihluleke kakhulu. Ukungaphumeleli kwamaphakheji kwephakeji kungabangelwa izici eziningana ezibandakanya ukucindezeleka okushisayo, ukuhlanza amakhemikhali, nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Zonke lezi zimbangela zingavinjelwa ngokulindela lezizinto ezivamile futhi zilungise ukuklama ngokusho. Ukuhluleka kwamandla kuyimbangela eyodwa kuphela yokuhluleka kwephakheji. Ngaphakathi kwephakheji, ukukhubazeka ekukhiqizeni kungabangela ukufinyeleleka, ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali okudala ukuguga okusheshayo kwe-semiconductor noma iphakeji, noma ukuphazamiseka kwamanqina okusabalalisa njengoba ingxenye ifakwa emjikelezweni oshisayo.
I-Solder Joint and Failures Yokuhluleka
Ama-solder joints ahlinzeka ngezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhumana phakathi kwesigaba kanye nesifunda futhi abe nesabelo sabo esihle sokuhluleka. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwe-solder nge-component noma i-PCB kungaholela ekutheni ukwakhiwa kwamandla ezakhiweni ku-solder ezakha izingqimba ezinokuthi zibizwa ngokuthi izingxube ze-intermetallic. Lezi zigaba ziholela ezingxenyeni eziphukile ze-solder futhi zivame ukungena ekutholeni. Imijikelezo ye-thermal nayo iyimbangela enkulu yokuhluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwe-solder, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa elishisayo lezixhobo (iphini, i-solder, i-PCB trace coating, ne-PCB trace) ahlukile. Njengoba zonke lezi zinto zishisa futhi zipholile, ukucindezeleka okukhulu komzimba kungakha phakathi kwabo okungabhidliza ukuxhumeka komzimba, ukulimaza ingxenye, noma ukuhlukanisa umkhondo we-PCB. I-whiskey ye-Tin ekuthengiseni abathengisi mahhala nayo ingaba yinkinga. I-whiskey ye-Tin ikhula ngama-solder amajoyina amahhala angakwazi ukugoqa othintana nabo noma aphule futhi abange ama-shorts.
Ukuhluleka kwe-PCB
Amapulangwe we-PCB anemithombo eminingi ejwayelekile yokuhluleka, okunye okuvela enkambisweni yokukhiqiza nokunye okuvela kwimvelo yokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izingqimba ebhodini le-PCB zingasetshenziswa ngokungahambisani kahle neziholela emiphakathini emifushane, ama-circuits avulekile, futhi uwele imigqa yesignali. Futhi amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukubhokwa kwebhodi le-PCB angeke asuswe ngokugcwele futhi adale amashothikhathi njengoba amathrekhi adliwe kude. Ukusebenzisa isisindo esingakalungi sezethusi noma izinkinga ze-plating kungabangela ukucindezeleka okwedlulele okuyokwenza kube lula ukuphila kwe-PCB. Ngayo yonke indlela yokuhluleka ekukhiqizeni i-PCB, ukuhluleka okuningi akukwenzeka ngesikhathi kwenziwa i-PCB.
Isimo se-soldering kanye nokusebenza se-PCB ngokuvamile siholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-PCB okuhlukahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I- fluder flux esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye kwi-PCB ingase ihlale ebusweni be-PCB eyokudla futhi ihlasele noma iyiphi insimbi ehlangana nayo. I-solder flux akuyona kuphela into ebangela ukubhubhisa okuvame ukuthola indlela eya kuma-PCB njengoba ezinye izingxenye zingase zifake izikhukhula ezingaphazamisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ama-agent angamafutha amaningi angenawo umphumela ofanayo noma ashiye ukuhlala okuqhubayo okubangela amabhuzu ebhodini. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kungenye imbangela yokuhluleka kwe-PCB okungaholela ekuqothulweni kwe-PCB futhi kudla indima ekwenzeni izinsimbi zensimbi zikhule phakathi kwezingxenye ze-PCB.