Ukuchazwa Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezintambo Zama-Voltage
Lapho kudingwa umthamo oqinile, onokwethenjelwa, izilawuli zamandla yi-component-to component. Bathatha i-voltage yokufakelwa bese benza umthamo okhishiwe owenziwe ngaphandle kokungena kwezinga lokufakelwa kwezinga elingahleliwe noma izinga eliguquguqukayo lamandla (ngokukhetha izingxenye zangaphandle ezilungile).
Lo mthethonqubo othomathikhi wezinga lokuphuma kwephethini uphathwa ngezindlela ezehlukene zempendulo, ezinye zilula njenge-diener diode kuyilapho ezinye zihlanganisa imibono eyinkimbinkimbi yempendulo engakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukwethenjelwa, ukusebenza kahle, futhi wengeze ezinye izici ezifana nokukhulisa umthamo wokukhipha ngaphezu kwephethini yokufaka ukuze i-voltage regulator.
Izinhlobo ze-Voltage Regulators
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilawuli zamandla ezivuthayo ezivela ezingabizi kakhulu ukuze ziphumelele kakhulu. Uhlobo oluthengekayo futhi oluvame kakhulu uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-voltage regulator oluzosetshenziswa luyi-voltage regulators regulators.
Abalawuli bomugqa bafika ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, zihlangene kakhulu, futhi zisetshenziswe kaningi ngamandla aphansi, amasistimu aphansi.
Ukushintsha izilawuli kusebenza kangcono kunama-voltage regulators, kodwa kunzima ukusebenzisana nokubiza kakhulu.
Abaqondisi abalayishiwe
Enye yezindlela eziyisisekelo zokulawula umthamo futhi unikeze umthamo ozinzile wokusebenzisa i-electronic ukusebenzisa i-standard standard-3 pin linear voltage regulator efana ne-LM7805, ehlinzeka ngemiphumela engu-5 volt 1 amp nge-voltage yokufaka ngamaphesenti angama-36 ( kuye ngokuthi imodeli).
Abalawuli bomugqa basebenze ngokulungisa ukumelana okuchungechunge okuphumelelayo komlawuli ngokusekelwe kumphendvulo yempendulo, ngokuyisisekelo kuba isiphazamisi sehlukanisi yamandla. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhishwa komlawuli ukuthi kube yimpumelelo eqhubekayo engapheli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthwalo wamanje ubekaphi kuwo, kuze kube yilapho unamandla okwamanje.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezilawulwa yizintambo zamandla ezinamandla yi-voltage encane yokudonsa phansi kwe-voltage regulator, okuyi-2.0 volts kumlawuli we-LM7805 ovamile we-voltage regulator. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthola umthamo osuka ku-5 volts, okungenani ukufakelwa kwe-volt engu-7 kuyadingeka. Lokhu kwehla kwamandla kagesi kudlala indima enkulu emandleni ahlukaniswe umlawuli olinganiselwe, okuzodinga ukusakaza okungenani ama-watts angu-2 uma ehambisa 1 amp load (2 volt voltage times 1 amp amp).
Ukuhlakazeka kwamandla kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu umahluko phakathi kokuphuma kwamandla kagesi nokuphuma. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngenkathi umthombo we-volt angu-7 olawulwa ku-volts angu-5 oletha i-amp amp uzokhipha ama-watts angu-2 ngomlawuli olinganiselwe, umthombo we-volt engu-10 olawulwa ku-5 volts oletha ukufana okufanayo uzokhipha ama-watts angu-5, okwenza umlawuli abe ngu-50% osebenza kahle .
Ukushintsha Abalawuli
Izilawuli zomugqa ziyizixazululo ezinhle zamandla aphansi, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphansi kakhulu lapho umehluko wamandla phakathi kokufaka nokukhipha kuphansi futhi akudingi amandla amaningi. Uhlangothi oluphansi kunabo bonke abaqondisi abahamba phambili yilokho okungafani kahle, okuyilapho ukushintsha abalawuli kubonakala khona.
Uma kudingekile ukusebenza kahle kakhulu noma kudingekile ukuthi kukhona amavolumu okufakelwa ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezimpembelelo zokufakelwa ngezansi komfutho okhishiwe owenzelwe, umlawuli wokushintsha uba yindlela engcono kakhulu. Ukushintsha izilawuli zamandla kagesi kunamandla kagesi angu-85% noma okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle kwe-voltage control regulator okuvame ukungaphansi kwama-50%.
Ukushintsha abalawuli ngokuvamile badinga izingxenye ezingaphezulu kwezingqayizivele zokulawula, futhi izindinganiso zezingxenye zinegalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni jikelele kokushintsha abalawuli kunezilawuli ezifanayo.
Kukhona nezinselelo eziningi zokwakha ekusetshenziseni ukuguqula abalawuli ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokwehliswa ukusebenza noma ukuziphatha kwesinye isifunda ngenxa yomsindo we-electronic umlawuli angakwazi ukukhiqiza.
Zener Diodes
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokulawula umthamo we-diener nge-diener diode. Ngenkathi umlawuli olinganiselwe engxenyeni enhle eyisisekelo nezingxenye ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukusebenza nokubunjwa okuncane kakhulu okuklanywa, i-diode ye-Zener inganikeza umthethonqubo owanele wamandla kwezinye izimo ngenxenye eyodwa kuphela.
Njengoba i- diener ye- Zener igxuma wonke amavolumu angeziwe ngaphezu kwe-voltage yayo ye-voltage isingena emhlabathini, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela elula yokulawula i-voltage ne-voltage okukhiphayo ehanjiswa ngaphesheya kokuholela kwe-diener diode.
Ngeshwa, i-Zeners ivame ukulinganiselwa amandla abo okuphatha amandla okuvimbela lapho angasetshenziswa njengabalawuli bezintambo kumasebenzi amakhulu aphansi kakhulu kuphela. Uma usebenzisa ama-diode e-Zener ngale ndlela, kungcono ukukhawulela amandla atholakalayo angakwazi ukugeleza nge-Zener ngokukhetha ngokulinganayo ukumelana okulinganayo.