I-voltage regulators iyisici esivamile kuma-circuits amaningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage ehlala njalo, ezinzile ihlinzekwa kuma-electronics azwelayo. Indlela abasebenza ngayo ijwayele izifunda eziningi ze-analog, ukusebenzisa ngendlela enembile nenhle yempendulo yokulungisa okukhiphayo ezingeni elifunayo.
Uhlolojikelele lwe-Voltage Regulator
Uma kudingekile ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale umthamo othembekile, izilawuli zamandla yizinto ezihamba phambili. Ama-voltage regulators athatha i- voltage yokufakelwa futhi adala umthamo okhishiwe owenziwe ngaphandle kokungena kwezinga lokufakelwa kwezinga elithile elingahleliwe noma izinga lokuguquguquka kwamandla (ngokukhetha izingxenye zangaphandle ezilungile). Lo mthethonqubo othomathikhi wezinga lokuphuma kwephethini uphathwa ngezindlela ezehlukene zempendulo, ezinye zilula njenge-diener diode kuyilapho ezinye zihlanganisa imibono eyinkimbinkimbi yempendulo engathuthukisa ukusebenza, ukwethenjwa, ukusebenza kahle, futhi wengeze ezinye izici ezifana nokuthuthukisa umthamo wokukhipha ngaphezu kwephethini yokufaka ukuze i-voltage regulator.
Yeka indlela ama-Linear Voltage Regulators asebenza ngayo
Ukugcina i-voltage ehleliwe ngokufaka okungaziwa futhi okungenzeka kunomsindo (noma okubi kakhulu) kudinga isignali yempendulo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko okumelwe zenziwe. Abalawuli bomugqa sebenzisa i- transistor yamandla (noma i-BJT noma i-MOSFET kuye ngokuthi isetshenzisiwe isetshenziswe) njengendlela yokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo eziphatha njengengxenye yokuqala yenethiwekhi yehlukanisi yamandla. Umkhiqizo we-voltage divider usetshenziswa njengempendulo yokushayela i-transistor yamandla ngokufanele ukugcina umthamo ophuma njalo. Ngeshwa, njengoba i-transistor iziphatha njengempi ichitha amandla amaningi ngokuyiguqula ekushiseni, kuvame ukushisa okuningi. Njengoba amandla aphelele aguqulwa ekushiseni afana nokuwa kwevolumu emkhatsini wethonya lokufakelwa kanye ne-voltage okukhiphayo okwamanje okunikezwayo, amandla ahlakazekile angase aphakame kakhulu futhi afune ama-heatsink okuhle.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-linear regulator ngumlawuli we-shunt, njenge- diener diode . Esikhundleni sokusebenza njengendlela yokulinganisa uchungechunge oluguquguqukayo njengoba umlawuli ojwayelekile owenzayo, umlawuli we-shunt unikeza indlela eya emhlabathini ongaphezu kwamandla kagesi (futhi okwamanje) ukugeleza. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwe-regulator luvame ukusebenza kangcono kunomcibisholo odweba uchungechunge olucacile futhi lusebenza kuphela lapho kudingeke amandla amancane kakhulu futhi anikezwe.
Indlela Ukushintsha I-Voltage Regulators Work
I-switching regulator regulator isebenza kunqununu ehluke ngokuphelele kunama-voltage regulators. Esikhundleni sokusebenza njengomshini wokushisa noma wamanje ukuze unikeze ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo, umlawuli wokushintsha ugcina amandla ezingeni elichaziwe futhi usebenzisa impendulo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokukhokhwa ligcinwe nge-ripple encane ye-voltage. Le nqubo ivumela umlawuli wokushintsha ukuthi asebenze kangcono ukuthi umlawuli olinganiselwe ngokuguqula ngokugcwele (ngokunciphisa okuncane) kuphela lapho isifunda sokugcina amandla esidingo sidinga amandla amakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla amanani alahlekile ohlelweni ekumeni kwe-transistor ngenkathi kushintshwa njengoba kuguquka kusuka ekuqhubeni (ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu) ekungahambisani (ukumelana kakhulu) nokunye ukulahlekelwa kwesifunda esincane.
Ukushintsha okusheshayo kokuguqula umshini wokulawula, amandla amancane okugcina amandla amandla adingekayo ukuze alondoloze umthamo wokuphuma ofunayo okusho ukuthi izingxenye ezincane zingasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokushintsha okusheshayo ukulahleka ekusebenzeni njengoba isikhathi esiningi sichithwa phakathi kokuqhutshwa kokusebenza nokungahambisani nokusho okusho ukuthi amandla amaningi alahlekile ngenxa yokushisa okushisayo.
Omunye umphumela ohlangothini wokushintsha okusheshayo ukwanda komsindo we-elekthroniki owenziwe ngumlawuli wokushintsha. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okushintsha okuhlukile, umlawuli wokushintshwa anganciphisa amandla okuvota (i-buck topology), uphakamise umthamo (ukukhuthaza i-topology), noma kokubili wehla noma uphakamise umthamo (ukukhuphuka kwe-buck-up) njengoba kudingeka ukuthi ugcine umthamo owenzelwe umthamo okwenza ukuguqula izilawuli kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezibhejiswe ngebhethri kusukela umlawuli we-switching angakwazi ukunyusa noma ukukhulisa i-voltage yokufaka ebhethri njengoba ibhethri ikhipha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi i-electronics iqhubeke isebenza kahle ngaphesheya kwephuzu lapho ibhethri lingahlinzeka khona ngokuqondile amavolumu alungile ukuze isifunda sisebenze.