dhclient - I-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
SYNOPSIS
i-dhclient [ -p port ] [ -d ] [ -q ] [ -1 ] [ -r ] [ -lf ifayela lokuqashisa ] [ -pf ifayela le-pid ] [ -cf config-file ] [ -sf iskripthi-ifayela ] Iseva [ -s ] [ -g relay] [ -n ] [ -nw ] [ -w ] [ if0 [ ... ifN ]]
DESCRIPTION
I-Internet Software Consortium Client DHCP, i-dhclient, inikeza izindlela zokulungisa ukuxhumana okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwenethiwekhi usebenzisa i-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, i-BOOTP protocol, noma uma lezi zinqubomgomo zingaphumeleli, ngokunikeza ngokuqondile ikheli.
UKUSEBENZA
I-protocol ye-DHCP ivumela umphathi ukuthi axhumane neseva ephakathi egcina uhlu lwamakheli e- IP angabelwa kunamathisela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Iklayenti le- DHCP lingase licele ikheli elivela kuleli gumbi, bese ulisebenzisa ngesisekelo sesikhashana sokuxhumana kunethiwekhi. Iphrothokholi ye-DHCP inikeza indlela lapho iklayenti ingafunda khona imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe kuyo, njengendawo yokuhamba okuzenzakalelayo, indawo yeseva yegama, njalonjalo.
Ekuqaliseni, i-dhclient ifunda i- dhclient.conf yemiyalelo yokucushwa. I-ke ithola uhlu lwazo zonke izixhumi zenethiwekhi ezilungiselelwe ohlelweni lwamanje. Ku-interface ngayinye, izama ukumisa isikhombimsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa i-protocol ye-DHCP.
Ukuze ugcine ithrekhi yokuqashisa kuma-reboots wesistimu kanye nokubuyiswa kweseva, i-dhclient igcina uhlu lweqashiso elinikezwe kufayela le- dhclient.leases (5). Ekuqaliseni, ngemuva kokufunda ifayela le-dhclient.conf, i-dhclient ifundela ifayela le-dhclient.free ukuvuselela inkumbulo yalo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okuqashiswayo okwenziwe.
Lapho kuqashwa ukuqasha okusha, kuhlanganiswa kuze kube sekupheleni kwefayela le-dhclient.leases. Ukuze uvimbele ifayela ukuba lingabi mkhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile i-dhclient ikhiqiza ifayela elisha le-dhclient.leases kusuka ku-in-core database lease database. Inguqulo endala yefayela le-dhclient.leases igcinwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi dhclient.leases ~ kuze kube yilapho i-dhclient iphinda ibhale kabusha imininingwane.
Ukuqashisa okudala kugcinwa nxazonke uma kwenzeka iseva ye-DHCP ingatholakali uma i-dhclient iqala ukuvunywa (ngokuvamile phakathi nenqubo yokuqala yokuqalisa uhlelo). Kulo mcimbi, ukuqasha okudala kufayela le-dhclient.leases elingakapheli livivinywa, futhi uma lizimisele ukusebenza, lisetshenzisiwe kuze kube sekupheleni noma iseva ye-DHCP itholakale.
Umphathi weselula okungase kudingeke ngezinye izikhathi afinyelele kwinethiwekhi okungekho iseva ye-DHCP ekhona okungenzeka ilayishwe ngaphambilini ngokuqasha ikheli elihleliwe kule nethiwekhi. Lapho yonke imizamo yokuxhumana neseva ye-DHCP ihlulekile, i-dhclient izama ukuqinisekisa ukuqashisa okuqinile, futhi uma iphumelela, izosebenzisa leyo nkampani kuze iqale kabusha.
Umphathi weselula angase abuyele kwezinye amanethiwekhi lapho i-DHCP ingatholakali kodwa i-BOOTP. Uma kunjalo, kungase kube inzuzo ukuhlela nomlawuli wenethiwekhi ukuze ufake ukungena kwi-database ye-BOOTP, ukuze umphathi angakwazi ukuqala ngokushesha kuleso senethiwekhi esikhundleni sokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngokusebenzisa uhlu lokuqashisa ubudala.
UMTHETHO WOKWENZA
Amagama we-interfaces yenethiwekhi ukuthi i-dhclient kufanele azame ukumisa ingacaciswa emgqeni womyalo. Uma kungabikho amagama okukhonjiswa okucacisiwe emgqeni wokulawula i-dhclient ngokuvamile uyobona zonke izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi, ukuqeda ukungena kokungabonakali uma kungenzeka, bese uzama ukulungisa isikhombimsebenzisi ngasinye.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ucacise ukusebenzisana ngegama kufayela le- dhclient.conf (5) . Uma ukuxhumana okucacisiwe ngale ndlela, iklayenti izobe ilungiselele ukuxhumana okubekiwe efonini yokucushwa noma emgqeni wokulayisha, futhi uzozibheka zonke ezinye izixhumanisi.
Uma iklayenti le-DHCP kufanele ilalele futhi ithumele esitokisini ngaphandle kwezinga (i-port 68), i-flag ye -p ingasetshenziswa. Kumele kulandelwe inombolo ye-port ye-udp okufanele isebenzise i-dhclient. Lokhu kusetshenziswe kakhulu ngezinjongo zokulungisa iphutha. Uma ichwethi ehlukile ichazwa ukuthi iklayenti lilalele futhi lidlulisele kuye, iklayenti izosebenzisa futhi indawo ehlukile yokuya echwebeni - enye enkulu kunechweba elichazwe kuyo.
Iklayenti le-DHCP ngokujwayelekile lidlulisa noma yikuphi imilayezo ye-protocol eyithumela ngaphambi kokuthola ikheli le-IP ku-, 255.255.255.255, ikheli le-IP elilinganiselwe le-IP. Ngezinhloso zokulungisa, kungase kube usizo ukuba iseva idlulisele le milayezo kwenye ikheli. Lokhu kungacaciswa nge-ifulege, ilandelwe ikheli le-IP noma igama lesizinda lendawo.
Ngenhloso yokuhlola, insimu ye-giaddr yawo wonke amaphakethe okuthunyelwa ngumthengi angasethwa esebenzisa i- g ig , elandelwa ikheli le-IP ukuthumela. Lokhu kuyasiza kuphela ekuhlolweni, futhi akufanele kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze nganoma iyiphi indlela eqhubekayo noma ewusizo.
Iklayenti le-DHCP izovame ukugijima ngaphambili kuze kube yilapho ilungiselele isikhombimsebenzisi, bese ibuyela emuva ngemuva. Ukuze usebenzise amandla e-dhclient ukuze ugijime njalo njengenqubo yangaphambili, i-i-flag kufanele icaciswe. Lokhu kuyasiza uma usebenza iklayenti ngaphansi kwe-debugger, noma uma uyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwe-inittab kuhlelo lwe-System V.
Iklayenti ivame ukushintsha umlayezo wokuqalisa futhi ubonise ukulandelana kweprotocol kumchazi ojwayelekile wephutha aze athole ikheli, bese egcina kuphela imiyalezo esebenzisa isistimu ye - syslog (3) . I-i-flag ivimbela noma yikuphi imilayezo ngaphandle kwamaphutha kusuka ekuphrintiwe kwisichazamazwi esiphambene nesiphambeko.
Ngokuvamile iklayenti ayikhipha ukuqashiswa kwamanje njengoba kungadingeki yi-protocol ye-DHCP. Ezinye i-ISPs zekhebula zidinga amaklayenti azo azise iseva uma efisa ukukhulula ikheli le-IP elinikeziwe. I -r flag ikhulula ngokucacile ukuqashiswa kwamanje, futhi uma sekukhishwe ukuqashwa, iklayenti iphuma.
I-flag ye --1 ibangela ukuthi i-dhclient izame kanye ukuze uthole ukuqasha. Uma ihluleka, i-dhclient iphuma ngekhodi yokuphuma emibili.
Umthengi we-DHCP uthola ulwazi lwakhe lokucushwa kusuka ku- /etc/dhclient.conf, i- database yalo yokuqasha kusuka ku- /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.leases, igcina i-ID yenqubo yayo efayeleni ebizwa ngokuthi /var/run/dhclient.pid, futhi ilungisa isikhombikubona senethiwekhi usebenzisa / sbin / dhclient-script Ukuze ucacise amagama ahlukene kanye / noma izindawo zale mafayela, sebenzisa i-- cf, -lf, -pf kanye -sf flags, ngokulandelana, ilandelwa igama lefayela. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu uma, isibonelo, / var / lib / dhcp noma / var / run engakafiki lapho iklayenti le-DHCP iqalwa.
Iklayenti le-DHCP ivame ukuphuma uma lingakwazi ukukhomba noma yikuphi ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ukulungisa. Kumakhompyutha we-laptop nakwamanye amakhompiyutha anebhasi e-I-O elishisayo, kungenzeka ukuthi isikhombimsebenzisi sokusakaza singezwa ngemuva kokuqalisa uhlelo. I-ifulegi ingasetshenziswa ukudala iklayenti ukuthi ingaphumi uma ingatholi ukuxhumana okufanayo. Uhlelo lwe- omshell (8) lungasetshenziselwa ukwazisa iklayenti uma isikhombikubona senethiwekhi seneziwe noma sisusiwe, ukuze iklayenti ingazama ukulungisa ikheli le-IP kuleso sikhombimsebenzisi.
Iklayenti le-DHCP ingaqondiswa ukuba ungazami ukumisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okusebenzisa i-flag. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube usizo ngokuhambisana ne-- w flag.
Iklayenti ingabuye ifundiswe ukuba i-daemon ngokushesha, kunokulinda ize ithole ikheli le-IP. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunikeza i-flag -nw .
UKUQALA
I-syntax yefayela le-dhclient.conf (8) ixoxwa ngokukhululekile.
OMAPI
Iklayenti le-DHCP inikeza ikhono elithile lokuyilawula ngenkathi isebenza, ngaphandle kokulivimba. Lekhono linikezwa usebenzisa i- OMAPI, i-API yokuphatha izinto ezikude. Amakhasimende we-OMAPI axhuma kwiklayenti esebenzisa i-TCP / IP, eyiqiniso, futhi angakwazi ukuhlola isimo samanje sekhasimende futhi enze izinguquko kuwo.
Esikhundleni sokuqalisa uhlelo oluqondile lwe-OMAPI, izinhlelo zomsebenzisi kufanele zisebenzise i-dhcpctl API noma i-OMAPI ngokwayo. I-Dhcpctl iyinhlangano yokweseka ephethe imisebenzi ethile yokugcina indlu i-OMAPI engenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. I-Dhcpctl ne-OMAPI zilotshwe ku- dhcpctl (3) ne- omapi (3) . Izinto eziningi ongathanda ukuzenza neklayenti zingenziwa ngokuqondile usebenzisa umyalo we- omshell (1) , kunokuba ubhale uhlelo olukhethekile.
INJONGO YOKUPHUMA
Into yokulawula ivumela ukuthi uvale iklayenti phansi, ukukhulula konke ukuqashisa okubambe futhi kususe noma yikuphi amarekhodi e-DNS okungenzeka ukuthi angeziwe. Ibuye ikuvumele ukuthi umise okwesikhashana iklayenti - lokhu kungaguquki noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okusebenzayo iklayenti esebenzisa. Ungabe usuqala kabusha, okubangela ukuthi ubuyekeze kabusha lezo zindlela zokuxhumana. Uvame ukumisa okwesikhashana iklayenti ngaphambi kokungena e-hibernation noma ukulala kwikhompyutha ye-laptop. Uzobe usuqala kabusha ngemva kokubuya kwamandla. Lokhu kuvumela amakhadi we-PC ukuthi avaliwe ngenkathi ikhompyutha ihlaziya noma ilele, bese ivuselelwa kabusha embusweni wayo wangaphambilini uma ikhompiyutha iphuma ebusuku noma ubuthongo.
Into yokulawula inemfanelo eyodwa - isimo sombuso. Ukuze uvale iklayenti phansi, setha isimo sawo sobuso ku-2. Sizokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-DHCPRELEASE. Ukumisa okwesikhashana, setha umqondo wayo wombuso ku-3. Ukuwuqala kabusha, setha umqondo wesimo sakhe ku-4.
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.