Igama
fdisk - Umdwebo wethebula lokuhlukanisa i-Linux
Isiqubulo
i-fdisk [-u] [-b sectorsize ] [-C cyl ] [-H izinhloko ] idivayisi [-S sects ]
fdisk -l [-u] [ idivaysi ... ]
i-fdisk-isigaba sokuhlukanisa ...
fdisk -v
Incazelo
Amadivaysi anzima angahlukaniswa ngediski eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ebizwa ngokuthi izingxenye . Lesi sigaba sichazwa kuthebula lokuhlukanisa elitholakala kumkhakha we-disk.
Ezweni le-BSD omunye ukhuluma nge `disk tincetu 'ne` disklabel'.
I-Linux idinga okungenani ukwahlukana okulodwa, okungukuthi kuhlelo lwefayela lempande. Ingasebenzisa amafayela okushintshanisa kanye / noma ukushintshanisa, kodwa okulandelayo kuyasebenza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile umuntu oyedwa uzodinga ukwahlukana kwe-Linux yesibili okunikezelwe njengokuhlukaniswa kokushintshaniswa. Kwi-hardware ehambisana ne-Intel, i- BIOS egijima isistimu ingavame ukufinyelela kuphela ama-cylinders okuqala angu-1024 wediski. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abanezidakamizwa ezinkulu bavame ukudala isahluko sesithathu, ama-MB ambalwa kuphela, ajwayelekile / aqala , ukugcina isithombe se-kernel namafayela abambalwa abasizayo ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lezi zinto kufinyeleleke ku-BIOS. Kungase kube khona izizathu zokuphepha, lula ukuphatha nokusekela, noma ukuhlola, ukusebenzisa okungaphezu kwenani elincane lamahlukaniso.
Hlela izinkinga zokuphrinta, gcina isikhathi nge-software yokuphrinta imilayezo yokuphrinta.
i-fdisk (ngendlela yokuqala yokucela) yindlela yokuqhutshwa kwemenyu yokudalwa nokuphathwa kwamatafula okuhlukanisa. Iqonda amathebula okuhlukanisa uhlobo lwe-DOS kanye ne-BSD noma i-SUN type disklabels.
Ngokuvamile idivayisi ingenye yalezi ezilandelayo:
/ dev / hda / dev / hdb / dev / sda / dev / sdb
(dev / hd [ah] for disks IDE, / dev / sd [ap] for disks SCSI, dev / ed [ad] yama disks ESDI, / dev / xd [ab] yama-disks XT). Igama ledivayisi libhekisela kulo lonke disk.
Ukuhlukaniswa yigama ledivayisi elilandelwa inombolo yenombolo. Isibonelo, i- dev / hda1 yi-partition yokuqala kwi-disk yokuqala ye-IDE ohlelweni. Ama-disks angaba nama-partition angu-15. Bona futhi /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt .
Uhlobo lwe-BSD / SUN disklabel lungachaza izingxenye ezingu-8, okwesithathu okumele kube 'ukwahlukana ngokuphelele kwedisk'. Ungaqali ukwahlukanisa okusebenzisa imkhakha yayo yokuqala (njengokuhlukanisa okuguquguqukayo) ku-cylinder 0, ngoba lokho kuzobhubhisa i-disklabel.
Uhlobo lwe-IRIX / SGI disklabel lungachaza izingxenye ezingu-16, okweshumi nanye kufanele kube yi-partition yonke ye-volume, kanti okwesishiyagalolunye kufanele kubhalwe 'i-volume header'. I-header ivolumu izophinde ihlanganise ithebula lokuhlukanisa, okungukuthi, liqala ku-block zero futhi liqhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo phezu kwezilinda ezinhlanu. Isikhala esisele ku-header ivolumu singasetshenziselwa okufakiwe kwesihlokwana. Azikho izingxenye ezingase zenzeke nge-header ivolumu. Futhi ungashintshi uhlobo lwayo bese wenza uhlelo oluthile lwefayela kuyo, ngoba uzolahlekelwa ithebula lokuhlukanisa. Sebenzisa lolu hlobo lwelebuli kuphela uma usebenza ne-Linux kumishini ye-IRIX / SGI noma ama-disk IRIX / SGI ngaphansi kwe-Linux.
I- DOS ithebula lokuhlukanisa uhlobo lingachaza inani elingenamkhawulo lama-partitions. Emkhakheni we-0 kukhona indawo yokuchazwa kwezingxenye ezine (okuthiwa 'okuyinhloko'). Enye yalezi zingase zibe ukuhlukaniswa okude; leli ibhokisi eliphethe ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo, nezincazelo ezitholakala ohlwini oluxhunyiwe lwemikhakha, ngayinye ilandele izingxenye ezihambisanayo ezinengqondo. Izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko, okwamanje noma cha, uthole izinombolo 1-4. Izingxenye ezizwakalayo ziqala ukubalwa kusuka ku-5.
Ku-DOS ithebula lokuhlukanisa uhlobo lokuqala ukuhlukaniswa futhi ubukhulu behlukaniso ngalunye kugcinwa ngezindlela ezimbili: njengenani eliphelele lemikhakha (elinikezwe ngamabhidi angu-32) futhi njenge-Cylinders / Heads / Sectors kathathu (enikezwe ngo-10 + 8 + 6 bits). Owokuqala ulungile - ngemikhakha engu-512-byte lokhu kuzosebenza kuze kufike ku-2 TB. Lezi zinsuku zinenkinga emibili ehlukene. Okokuqala, lezi zindawo zeC / H / S zingagcwaliswa kuphela uma inani lamakhanda nenani lemikhakha ngayinye ithandwa. Okwesibili, ngisho noma siyazi ukuthi lezi zinombolo kufanele ziphi, ama-bits angu-24 ayatholakala ayanele. I-DOS isebenzisa kuphela i-C / H / S kuphela, iWindows isebenzisa kokubili, iLinux ayisebenzisi C / H / S.
Uma kungenzeka, i- fdisk izothola i-disk geometry ngokuzenzekelayo. Lokhu akuyona neze i-disk geometry (empeleni, ama-disks wanamuhla awunalo ngempela i-geometry engokwenyama, ngokuqinisekile akuyona into engachazwa kuma-Cylinder / Simple Heads / Sectors ifomu), kodwa i-disk geometry esebenzisa i-MS-DOS yetafula lokuhlukanisa.
Ngokuvamile konke kuhamba kahle ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi azikho izinkinga uma i-Linux yindlela kuphela ku-disk. Kodwa-ke, uma i disk kufanele yabelwe nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kaningi umqondo omuhle ukuvumela i-fdisk kwelinye uhlelo lokusebenza ukwenza okungenani ukwahlukana okulodwa. Lapho i-Linux ibhuqa ibheka ithebula lokuhlukanisa, futhi izama ukuthola ukuthi yiliphi (i-fake) geometry elidingekayo ukuze kubambisane kahle nezinye izinhlelo.
Noma nini lapho ithebula lokuhlukanisa liphrintiwe, ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwenziwa kwizingxenye zetafula lokuhlukanisa. Lesi sheke siqinisekisa ukuthi isiqalo sokwemvelo nesiqondakalayo kanye namaphuzu okugcina siyafana, nokuthi ukwahlukana kuqala futhi kuphelela kumngcele wesilinda (ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa kokuqala).
Ezinye izinguqulo ze-MS-DOS zakha ukuhlukanisa kokuqala okungaqali kumngcele wesilinda, kodwa kumkhakha wesibili we-cylinder yokuqala. Izingxenye eziqala nge-cylinder 1 azikwazi ukuqala emkhawulweni we-cylinder, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka kubangele ubunzima ngaphandle kokuthi ube ne-OS / 2 emshinini wakho.
Ukuvumelanisa () kanye ne-BLKRRPART ioctl () (ukuphindaphinda ithebula lokuhlukanisa kusuka ku-disk) kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuma lapho ithebula lokuhlukanisa libuyekeziwe. Esikhathini eside esidlule kwakudingeka kudingekile ukuqalisa kabusha ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-fdisk. Angicabangi ukuthi lokhu akusikho icala - empeleni, ukuvuselela kabusha ngokushesha kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwedatha engakabhalwanga okwamanje. Qaphela ukuthi kokubili i-kernel ne-disk hardware ingahle ibambe idatha.
Isixwayiso se-Dos 6.x
Umyalo we-DOS 6.x we-FORMAT ubheka ulwazi oluthe xaxa emkhakheni wokuqala wendawo yedatha yehlukaniso, futhi uphatha lolu lwazi njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunolwazi etafuleni lokuhlukanisa. I-DOS FORMAT ilindele ukuthi i-DOS FDISK isuse ama-byte wokuqala angu-512 endaweni yedatha yehlukaniso noma kunini lapho kushintshwa usayizi. I-DOS FORMAT izobuka lolu lwazi oluthe xaxa ngisho noma i-flag ye-U / inikezwa - sibheka lokhu ku-DOS FORMAT naku-DOS FDISK.
Okubalulekile ukuthi uma usebenzisa i-cfdisk noma i-fdisk ukushintsha usayizi we-DOS ukwahlukanisa ithebula lokufaka, kufanele futhi usebenzise i- dd kuya zero ama-bytes wokuqala angu-512 wale mpahla ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-DOS FORMAT ukufometha ukwahlukana. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-cfdisk ukwenza i-DOS partition table entry ye / dev / hda1, bese (emva kokukhipha i-fdisk noma i-cfdisk nokuvuselela i-Linux ukuze ulwazi lwetafula lokuhlukanisa luvumeleke) ungasebenzisa umyalo "dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1 "kuya ku-512 ama-bytes wokuqala okuhlukanisa.
QAPHELA UKUQALA uma usebenzisa umyalo we- dd , ngoba i-typo encane ingenza wonke idatha ku-disk yakho awusizo.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kufanele usebenzise njalo uhlelo lwe-OS lokuhlukanisa ithebula. Isibonelo, kufanele wenze ama-DOS partition ngehlelo lwe-DOS FDISK ne- Linux partitions ne-Linux fdisk noma i-Linux cfdisk.
Izinketho
-b imikhakha
Cacisa usayizi womkhakha wediski. Amanani avumelekile angama-512, 1024, noma ngo-2048. (Izinhlamvu zamanje zikwazi usayizi wesigungu. Sebenzisa lokhu kuphela kumazinyo ezindala noma ukwedlula imibono ye-kernel.)
-C cyl
Cacisa inombolo yama-cylinders yediski. Angazi ukuthi kungani umuntu engathanda ukukwenza.
-Izihloko
Cacisa inombolo yamakhanda wediski. (Akuyona inombolo yomzimba, yebo, kodwa inombolo esetshenziselwa amathebula okuhlukanisa.) Amanani anengqondo angama-255 no-16.
-S amasethingi
Cacisa inani lemikhakha ngayinye ithrekhi yediski. (Akuyona inombolo yomzimba, yebo, kodwa inombolo esetshenziselwa amathebula okuhlukanisa.) Inani elilinganiselwe ngu-63.
-l
Faka uhlu lwamatafula okuhlukanisa amadivaysi akhethiwe bese uphuma. Uma kungenjalo amadivaysi anikezwayo, lawo okukhulunywa ngawo / / proc / partitions (uma ekhona) asetshenziswa.
-u
Uma ubeka amatafula okuhlukanisa, nikeza ubukhulu emikhakheni esikhundleni se-cylinders.
-ukuhlukanisa
Usayizi wehlukaniso (emabhuloki) linyatheliswa kumkhiqizo ojwayelekile.
-v
Inombolo yenguqulo yokuphrinta yohlelo lwe- fdisk bese uphuma.