Qonda i-Metadata: Imininingwane Efihliwe Amafayela Wezithombe
Umbuzo: Iyiphi iMetadata?
Mayelana ne-EXIF, i-IPTC ne-XMP Metadata esetshenziswa ku-Software Graphics
Impendulo: I- Metadata yigama lemininingwane echazayo ehlanganisiwe ngaphakathi kwesithombe noma olunye uhlobo lwefayela. I-Metadata ibaluleke nakakhulu kule minyaka yezithombe zedijithali lapho abasebenzisi bafuna indlela yokugcina ulwazi ngezithombe zabo eziphathekayo futhi uhlala nefayela, kokubili manje nakusasa.
Uhlobo oluthile lwemethadatha yilwazi oluthe xaxa cishe cishe wonke amakhamera edijithali alondoloza ngezithombe zakho. Imethadatha etholwe ikhamera yakho ibizwa ngokuthi idatha ye-EXIF, emele ifomethi ye-Exchangeable Image File. Iningi lesofthiwe yesithombe sedijithali lingabonisa ulwazi lwe-EXIF kumsebenzisi, kodwa ngokuvamile aluhleleki.
- Konke Mayelana ne-EXIF Ulwazi kumafayela we-Digital Photo
Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izinhlobo zemethadatha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake ulwazi lwabo oluchazayo ngaphakathi kwesithombe se-digital noma ifayela lesithombe. Le methadatha ingafaka izici zesithombe, imininingwane ye-copyright, amazwibela, izikweletu, amagama angukhiye, usuku lokudala nendawo, ulwazi lomthombo, noma imiyalelo ekhethekile. Amafomethi amabili esetshenziselwa kakhulu imethadatha yamafayela wesithombe yi-IPTC ne-XMP.
- I-IPTC yiyona ejwayelekile eyenziwa ngawo-1970 yi-International Press Telecommunications Council. Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa njengendlela evumelana nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwezinhlangano zezindaba futhi sekuguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngomnyaka ka-1994, ifomu le-"Adware Photoshop" le-Adobe Photoshop linike amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake futhi bahlele imethadatha ye-IPTC kumafayela wesithombe sedijithali ngakho yamukelwa yi-ejensi yezithombe zesitoko kanye namanye amabhizinisi okushicilela ngaphandle kwezindaba zezindaba.
- I-XMP yi-XML esekelwe "I-Platform eyengeziwe eyengeziwe" eyakhiwe i-Adobe ngo-2001. I-Adobe isebenze ne-IPTC ukuze ifake "isihloko se-IPTC" esidala kuhlaka olusha lwe-XMP futhi ngo-2005 i-"IPTC Core Schema ye-XMP" ishicilelwe . I-XMP iyimithombo evulekile, indinganiso yomphakathi, okwenza kube lula kubathuthukisi ukuthi bathole imininingwane kwi-software yangaphandle. Imethadatha ye-XMP ingafakwa ezinhlobonhlobo zefayela eziningi , kodwa imifanekiso yezithombe, ngokuvamile igcinwe kumafayela we- JPEG ne-TIFF .
Isofthiwe enkulu yokuhlela isithombe nesithombe sanamuhla inikeza amandla okufaka futhi ukuhlela imethadatha kumafayela wakho wesithombe, futhi kukhona nezinsiza eziningi ezikhethekile zokusebenza nazo zonke izinhlobo zemethadatha kuhlanganise i-EXIF, i-IPTC, ne-XMP. Elinye isofthiwe edala ayisekeli imethadatha, futhi usengozini yokulahlekelwa lolu lwazi uma uhlela futhi ulondoloza amafayela akho ngemethadatha efakwe ngaphakathi ohlelweni olungalusekeli.
Ngaphambi kwalezi zindinganiso zemethadatha, zonke izinhlelo zokuphatha izithombe zinezindlela zayo zokugcina imininingwane yokugcina isithombe, okusho ukuthi ulwazi alutholakali ngaphandle kwesofthiwe - uma uthumele isithombe komunye umuntu, ulwazi oluchazayo aluhambanga nalo . I-Metadata ivumela lolu lwazi ukuthi luthunyelwe nefayela, ngendlela engase iqondwe ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-hardware, nabasebenzisi bokuphela. Kungadluliselwa phakathi kwamafomethi wefayela.
Ukwesaba isithombe nokwabelana ngemethadatha
Muva nje, ngokuphakama kwesithombe ukwabelana kumanethiwekhi omphakathi njenge-Facebook, kube khona ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngolwazi lomuntu siqu njengedatha yendawo yokufaka imethadatha yezithombe ezabelwana nge-inthanethi. Lezi zinkwesaba azivamiwe, kodwa-ke, ngoba wonke amanethiwekhi omphakathi akhipha imethadatha eminingi kuhlanganise nolwazi lwendawo noma izixhumanisi ze-GPS.
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