Funda kabanzi mayelana neDynamic Range ne-Tonal Range ku-Digital Photography
Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi ububanzi obushukumisayo nobunikazi be-tonal bathinta imiphumela yakho yezithombe zedijithali, awunabo. Lezi zimiso ezimbili zokuzithombe zingase zidideke kancane ekuqaleni, kodwa ungathuthukisa izithombe zakho ze-DSLR ngokufunda ukuthi ziyasebenza kanjani.
Iyini i-Dynamic Range?
Zonke amakhamera we-DSLR aqukethe inzwa ethatha isithombe. Ububanzi obushukumisayo benzwa buchazwe isignali enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingakwazi ukudala ihlukaniswe isignali encane kunazo zonke.
Isignali ikhiqizwa uma amaphikseli wekhamera yesithombe sekhamera abamba ama-photons, abuye aphenduke abe ngukushayela kagesi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhamera anezigaba ezinamandla ezinamandla akwazi ukuthatha kokubili imininingwane evelele kanye nethunzi ngesikhathi esifanayo nangemininingwane eminingi. Ngokudubula ku- RAW , ububanzi obunamandla be-sensor bugcinwe, kuyilapho i- JPEGs ingahle ilandise imininingwane ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwefayela esetshenzisiwe.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, amaphikseli enenzwa aqoqa ama-photons ngenkathi kuvezwa isithombe. Ngokucacile ukuvezwa, ama-photons amaningi aqoqwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaphikseli aqoqa izingxenye ezicacile zesithombe aqoqa wonke ama-photon awo ngokushesha kunalokho lawo maphikseli eqoqa izingxenye ezimnyama. Lokhu kungabangela ukuchichima kwama-photons, okungaholela ekukhuleni .
Izinkinga ezinezintaba eziguquguqukayo zingabonakala ngokujwayelekile emifanekisweni ehluke kakhulu. Uma ukukhanya kukhwabanisa kakhulu, ikhamera ingase 'iqhume' izinto ezivelele futhi ingashiyi imininingwane emaceleni omfanekiso. Ngenkathi iso lomuntu lingakwazi ukulungisa lezi zindlela zokungafani nemininingwane, ikhamera ayikwazi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, singakwazi ukulungisa ukuchayeka ngokuyeka phansi noma engeza ukukhanya okugcwele ukugcwalisa ukunciphisa okuhambisana nendaba.
I-DSLRs inebanga elikhulu elinamandla kunephoyinti futhi idonsa amakhamera ngoba izinzwa zabo zinamaphikseli amakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphikseli anesikhathi esanele sokuqoqa ama-photons kokubili izingxenye ezikhanyayo nezomnyama zesithombe ngaphandle kokuchichima.
Iyini i-Tonal Range?
Uhla lwe-tonal lwezithombe zedijithali luhlobene nenani lamathoni okumele lichaze uhla olushukumisayo.
Izigaba ezimbili zihlobene. Ibanga elikhulu elinamandla elihlanganisiwe ne -Analog kuya Digital Converter (ADC) okungenani ama-bits angu-10 ngokuzenzakalelayo lilinganisa nebala elibanzi le-tonal. (I-ADC iyingxenye yenqubo yokuguqula amaphikseli kwisenjini yedijithali emfanekisweni ofundwayo) Ngokufanayo, uma inzwa ene-ADC yezinkinobho ezingu-10 ikwazi ukukhipha inani elikhulu lamathoni, iyoba nebanga elikhulu elinamandla.
Ngenxa yokuthi umbono wesintu awuyona ingqimba, noma kokubili i-dynamic and tonal range kudingeka iphoqelelwe ijika le-tonal ukuze lijabulise kakhulu iso. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo zokuguqulwa kwe-RAW noma ukucindezelwa kwekhamera zivame ukusebenzisa ijika elifanekayo le-S idatha ukuze kucindezele ibanga elikhulu elinamandla ngendlela ebonakalayo ejabulisayo ekuphrintiweni noma kumqapha.