01 ka 09
Iyini itafula lokuqukethwe?
Uhlu Lokuphakathi kusiza abafundi ukuba babone shazi lokho okushicilelwe khona futhi kubasize baqonde ezingxenyeni ezithile zokuqukethwe. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Ithebula lokuqukethwe (TOC) isici sokuhamba ngezindlela ezivame ukutholakala ezincwadini eziningi zamakhasi ezifana namabhuku nomagazini. Kutholakale eduze ne-front of a publication, i-TOC inikeza kokubili ukubuka okubanzi kokushicilelwa kanye nendlela yokuthola ngokushesha izingxenye ezithile zalokho okuqukethwe - ngokuvamile ngokufaka uhlu lwezinombolo zekhasi ezihambisana nokuqala kwesigaba noma isahluko. Ngezincwadi, ithebula lokuqukethwe lingabhala isahluko ngasinye sencwadi futhi mhlawumbe izingxenye ezingezansi zesahluko ngasinye. Kumamagazini, ithebula lokuqukethwe lingabhala isihloko ngasinye noma izigaba ezikhethekile.
02 ka 09
Inhlangano ye-TOC ehlukile
Ithebula Lokuqukethwe Okulula nje kuphela uhlu lwezahluko nezinombolo zekhasi. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Ithebula lokuqukethwe lingalungiswa ngokulandelana kokulandelana kwekhasi: isahluko 1, isahluko sesi-2, isahluko 3, njll. Iningi lamabhuku, noma ngabe ane-TOC eyinkimbinkimbi, eningi, ubhale okuqukethwe ngendlela ebonakala ngayo ukushicilelwa.
03 ka 09
I-Hierarchy TOC Inhlangano
Umagazini Uhlu Lokuphakathi luvame ukugqamile futhi luhlukaniswe. Isithombe nguJames Ithebula lokuqukethwe lingalungiswa ebukhosini obukhulu nezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqukethwe ezibhalwe kuqala zilandelwa okuqukethwe okuncane. Abomagazini bavame ukusebenzisa le ndlela, banikeze "izindaba zekhava" ukubeka okuvelele ngaphezu kwamanye okuqukethwe. Indaba endabeni 115 ingahle ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-TOC ngaphambi kokushicilela emakhasini 5 noma 25.
04 ka 09
Inhlangano yohlobo lwe-TOC
Ezinye Uhlu Lokuqukethwe zinikeza uchungechunge oluningiliziwe kokuqukethwe kwalolu shicilelo. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Ithebula lokuqukethwe lingalungiselelwa emaqenjini ahlobene. Izigaba, izahluko, noma izihloko eziphathelene nesihloko esilandelayo zivele ziqoqwe ndawonye ku-TOC kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaphi phakathi kwencwadi. Umagazini mayelana namakati ungase uqoqe konke okuqukethwe okwenziwe isithakazelo kubanikazi abasha bekati kwesinye isigaba se-TOC ngenkathi uqoqa konke okuqukethwe okuhlobene nokuphila kwekathi kwesinye isigaba se-TOC. Amamagazini azovame ukufaka okuqukethwe okuphindaphindiwe (amakholomu) esigabeni esiqoqiwe se-TOC esahlukanisiwe nesici sokuqukethwe esishintsha ngendaba ngayinye.
Nakuba izincwadi zivame ukuhlunga okuqukethwe kwazo ekhasini le-oda, lokho okuqukethwe kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ezigabeni ezihlobene nezahluko ezibonakala ku-TOC eningiliziwe.
05 ka 09
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-TOC
Uhlu Lokuqukethwe oluyisisekelo luhlanganisa isihloko sesahluko nenombolo yekhasi lapho isahluko siqala khona. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Ngencwadzi yezinganekwane, izihloko zesahluko ezilula nezinombolo zekhasi zanele. Amabhuku angewona amanga angase athathe le ndlela, ikakhulukazi uma izahluko zifushane noma uma isahluko ngasinye sihlanganisa isihloko esithile esingafanele sihlukaniswe sibe izingxenye. Ngokucacile, izihloko zesahluko ezichazayo, ukuchaza okunye akudingekile.
06 ka 09
Ulwazi oluchaziwe lwe-TOC
Uhlu Lokuphakathi lungabandakanya incazelo elula yesahluko ngasinye. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Kubhuku lwezincwadi, izincwadi zekhompyutheni, indlela-kuya ezincwadini, kanye nomagazini i-table yokuqukethwe ecebile yokwaziswa okuthinta ulwazi kubafundi. Isihloko sesahluko kanye nenombolo yekhasi yiyona engenani eliphansi kodwa cabanga ukufaka izincazelo ezimfushane zesilinganiso sesahluko ngisho nezihloko ezingaphansi kwesigaba noma ngaphandle kwezinombolo zekhasi.
07 ka 09
Ulwazi lwe-TOC yamakhasi amaningi
Uhlu Lokuphakathi lungaba ikhasi elilodwa noma amakhasi amaningi - noma kokubili. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Umagazini wabathengi kanye namaphephandaba amade avame ukuba netafula lokuqukethwe ngezifinyezo ezimfushane zezihloko ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana nezithombe.
Incwadi yombhalo noma enye incwadi ehlanganisa isihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi ingaba ne-TOC eyisisekelo elandelwe i-TOC yesibili, i-multi-page, multi-tiered. I-TOC emifushane inikeza ulwazi ngesikhathi-a-glance ngenkathi i-TOC ende ihamba ngokujulile futhi ivumela umfundi ukuba azulazula ezigabeni ezithile ngaphakathi kwesahluko.
08 ka 09
Yikuphi okuza kuqala - okuqukethwe noma ithebula lokuqukethwe?
Yikuphi okuza kuqala, inkukhu noma iqanda? Okuza kuqala, okuqukethwe noma ithebula lokuqukethwe. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Kungaba lula ukusho ukuthi kufanele ube nokuqukethwe ngaphambi kokuba ube netafula lokuqukethwe. Kodwa ukudala ithebula lokuqukethwe kuqala kuyindlela eyodwa yokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le ncwadi ihlanganisa wonke amaphuzu adingekayo futhi ingasiza ekuholeni inhlangano engcono yencwadi ngokuhlela kuqala i-TOC. Kodwa yilona indima yabalobi nabahleli. Uma nje wenza umdwebo wekhasi ne-TOC yencwadi ekhona, ukukhathazeka kwakho okuyinhloko ekudaleni i-TOC ebonisa ngokuqondile okuqukethwe futhi kusiza umfundi ukuba ahambe ngendlela efanele.
Uma usebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwekhasi lonke le ncwadi, kungenzeka ukuthi uzosebenza ngokufanayo kokubili okuqukethwe kanye ne-TOC - ukukhetha ukuthi i-TOC ingamelwe kanjani futhi imake izingxenye ngaphakathi kwombhalo ukuze idale i-TOC ngokuzenzakalelayo.
09 ka 09
Ithebula lokuqukethwe lifomethiwe kanjani?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokufometha Uhlu Lokuphakathi. Isithombe nguJoward Bear Ayikho imithetho enzima futhi esheshayo mayelana nokufometha itafula lokuqukethwe. Imigomo yokuklama kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo yokushicilela ideskithophu ngokuphathelene namafonti, ubuciko bokunamathisela, ukuvumelanisa, isikhala esimhlophe, nobude bomugqa konke kusebenza.
Ezinye izinto ezicatshangwayo zihlanganisa:
- Isihloko
Ngesikhundla salo ekushicilelweni nasekufomeni kungase kube sobala kumfundi ukuthi bafunda i-TOC. Nokho, kuvame ukubizwa ngezinye izindlela. Uhlu Lokuphakathi , Okuqukethwe , nakule Ndaba yizihloko ezivamile. Ngibonile i-TOC ebizwa ngokuthi i- Index nakuba ngokuvamile ivame isihloko sehlukile sokuphela kwesigaba.
- Abaholi beDot
Futhi ababizwa ngokuthi abaholi bethebhu noma amathebhu omholi, lawa mahlu amachashazi asiza ukuhola umfundi kusuka kolunye ulwazi lunye kolunye ikhasi. Ngokuvamile uzothola abaholi bamachashazi asetshenziswe kuthebula lokuqukethwe. Ukusebenzisa Abaholi bamathebhu noma abaholi be-Dot kunamasu ezindabeni zokuklama kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zabaholi bamachashazi.
- Izinombolo Zamakhasi
I-TOC ingaba nezinombolo zekhasi isahluko ngasinye noma isigaba ngenhla noma ngezansi noma ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla kwesahluko noma isihloko sesigaba. Ukuhambisana nokubambisana yizimiso ezimbili ezibalulekile ukugcina engqondweni. Ngokubekwe ngenhla noma ngezansi, gcina izinombolo zivale ngokwanele kwesahluko / sigaba esihlokweni esingabonakali ukuthi sihambe ngesihloko esihlukile. Ngokungena kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla, nikeza ukungafani okwanele noma ukuhlukanisa (ukusondelana) ukuthi izinombolo azihlanganisi kumbhalo kodwa hhayi isikhala esiningi ukuthi kunzima ukutshela ukuthi yikuphi okuhamba nabo (abaholi bamachashazi bangasiza).
- Inani lamakhasi
Inombolo yezigaba noma izahluko kanye nenani lemininingwane ehlanganisiwe ku-TOC ingadinga ukusebenzisa ikhasi elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Ukuze i-TOC ehlanganisa amakhasi angaphezu kwamabili noma amathathu, kungase kuzuze umfundi ukuthi afake okufutshane "shazi" TOC.