Unix akuyona uhlelo olulodwa lokusebenza. Ihlinzekela "ama-flavour" amaningi anamuhla-okushiwo okuhlukile, izinhlobo, ukunikezwa noma ukuqaliswa-i-branching kusukela ekusuka kwawo ekuqaleni kwe-1970s mainframe computing. Nakuba kusekelwe isethi yomyalo we-Unix, ukunikezwa okuhlukile kunemiyalo yabo kanye nezici zabo ezihlukile futhi zenzelwe ukusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zehadiwe.
Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi zingaki ama-Unix flavour akhona, kodwa kuphephile ukusho ukuthi uma kuhlanganisa konke okungafihlekile futhi okungapheli, inani lama-flavour Unix okungenani ngamakhulu. Ungavame ukutshela ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusemndenini we-Unix uma lunegama elihlanganisa inhlamvu U, I, ne-X.
Amagatsha amakhulu akwa-Unix
Izingqikithi ze-Unix ze-Contemporary zihlukile uma ziwumthombo ovulekile (okungukuthi, mahhala ukulanda, ukuzisebenzisa noma ukuguqula) noma umthombo ovaliwe (okungukuthi, amafayili okubambisana asemthethweni ayengaphansi kokuguqulwa komsebenzisi).
- I-minix -iphrojekthi evulekile ye-Unix, engavamile ukusetshenziswa abasebenzisi basekhaya
- I-Linux- noma isinyathelo sokuvula ovulekile ukuletha imvelo efana ne-Unix kokubili isikhala sedeskithophu nesiphakeli; I-Linux idume ngabathandekayo bekhompyutha ekhaya
- I-Mac OS X -Isistimu yokusebenza yedeskithophu yokusebenza
- I- BSD s (i-FreeBSD, i-DragonflyBSD, i-NetBSD, i-OpenBSD) -kuvalwa kwegatsha kusukela ku-speck Unix yokuqala, ngokulandela imigomo yokuklama ye-Berkeley Software Distribution
- I-AIX -uchungechunge lwezindawo ezisebenza ngokusekelwe ku-Unix ezakhiwe yi-IBM yamaseva ayo
- I-Solaris -isistimu yokusebenza yeseva eyimfihlo, esekelwe ku-Unix, eyakhiwe yi-Sun Microsystems
- I-OpenSolaris -inhlobo evulekile yomthombo we-Solaris
- I-HP-UX -uchungechunge lwezindawo ezisebenza ngokusekelwe ku-Unix ezakhiwe yi-HP yamaseva ayo
Ukusabalaliswa komthengi ovamile
Kule minyaka, ama-flavour ahlukene e-Linux ajabulele ukuthandwa kakhulu, kepha amaningana avela njengamanye avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-desktop computer. njengoba kubikwa i-DistroWatch, isayithi elide elihamba phambili elikhazamisa izindaba zokwabiwa kwe-Linux. Ezinye zezinto ezivame ukutholakala ngo-2017 zihlanganisa:
- I-Mint -inguqulo ye-Ubuntu enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe zokushayela ne-customization encane
- I-Debian- lezi zindleko zeprojekthi ngokwayo njenge "uhlelo lokusebenza jikelele" futhi ijabulela ukwabelana okuphawulekayo kwamakethe kanye nesisekelo esinamandla sezinhlelo zokusebenza
- I-Manjaro-isekelwe iphrojekthi ye-Arch Linux, iManjaro isekela ukulungiswa okubanzi
- U-Ubuntu -umdlali obalulekile emakethe ye-Linux, umgomo kaBuntu ukuhlinzeka ngokusabalalisa okulula okuklanyelwe futhi kufinyeleleke naphezu kwezithiyo zokukhuluma nokukhubazeka
- I-Antergos-isuselwe kuphrojekthi ye-Arch Linux, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuhlinzeka uhlelo lwayo lokufaka isifaki
- I-OpenSUSE -ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile kweJalimane okuyiyona inguqulo yomphakathi ye-SUSE Linux ukusatshalaliswa kwezebhizinisi
- I-Fedora -iphrojekthi yomphakathi esekelwe ku-Red Hat
- I-Solus -ukusakazwa okuvela kokuqala kusuka e-Ireland ngendawo yemvelo yedeskithophu ebizwa ngokuthi i- "Budgie" efana ne-GNOME 2 yedeskithophu yakudala
- I-Zorin -ukusatshalaliswa okuhloswe ukulingisa ukubukeka nokuzwa kwe-Windows ukusiza abasebenzisi abasha be-Linux ukuguquka kusuka ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Microsoft
- I-Elementary -based on Ubuntu, elementaryOS isebenzisa imvelo yedeskithophu yangokwezifiso okuthiwa i-Parthenon efanelana, ngezinye izindlela, i-Mac OS
Ukusabalalisa ukusabalalisa kushintsha ngokushesha. Ngo-2002, ukunikezwa okuphezulu okuyishumi, okwenziwe isithakazelo, kwakuyi-Mandrake, i-Red Hat, i-Gentoo, i-Debian, i-Sorcerer, i-SuSE, i-Slackware, i- Lycoris, i-Lindows ne-Xandros. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, i-Debian kuphela ehlala ohlwini oluphezulu lwe-10; okulandelayo okuphezulu, i-Slackware, iwile ku-No. 33. Kule mpahla ethandwa ngo-2017, akekho ngaphandle kuka-Debian okhona ngo-2002.
Amaqiniso we-Linux Distribution
Udidekile mayelana nokusabalalisa kwe-Linux ukuzama? Kusukela kumbono womsebenzisi wedeskithophu, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Linux flavour ngamathumba kuya kokukhetha okumbalwa nje:
- Imvelo yedeskithophu- engafani ne-Microsoft Windows noma i-Mac OS X, i-Linux isekela izindawo ezihlukahlukene zedeskithophu, ngayinye ene-look-and-feel. Izindawo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-Gnome (i-Cinnamon ne-MATE), i-KDE, i-Xfce ne-Budgie.
- Imenenja yephakheji -Izinhlelo ze-Linux zenzelwe amathuluzi okuphatha iphakethe. Ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kunazo zonke kuphakathi kwamafayela we-Red Hat Package Manager noma amafayela e-Debian, ahlukaniswa ne-RPM noma i-DEB yefayela lesandiso. I-Red Hat Linux isebenzisa ama-RPM, Ubuntu isebenzisa ama-DEBs; Ukuguqula phakathi kwalababili kuyikhono lomsebenzisi eliphambili.
- Isimo se-FOSS-abanye abasebenzisi banakekela ngokujulile ngokuqinile kokunamathela kokusabalalisa kuma-Free Free and Open-Source Software principles.
Ungase ube nedivayisi ye-Linux entendeni yesandla sakho. Imvelo yokusebenza ye-Android yamaphilisi namaphilisi isekelwe ku-Linux futhi ingacatshangwa uhlobo lokusabalalisa kwe-Linux ngakwesokudla.