Isingeniso
Ukulahla kwe-hex kuyinto umbono we-hexadecimal yedatha. Ungase ufise ukusebenzisa i-hexadecimal uma uphazamisa uhlelo noma ukushintsha injini uhlelo.
Isibonelo, amafomethi amaningi wefayela anezinhlamvu ezithile ze-hex ukukhomba uhlobo lwawo. Uma uzama ukufunda ifayela usebenzisa uhlelo futhi ngesizathu esithile ayilayishi kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi ifayela alikho ngendlela oyilindele.
Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani futhi awunawo ikhodi yomthombo noma ucezu lwesofthiwe ephikisana nabanikazi ikhodi, ungabheka ukulahla kwe-hex ukuze uzame futhi usebenze okwenzekayo.
Iyini iHexadecimal?
Amakhompiyutha acabanga ngokubambisana . Wonke uhlamvu, inombolo, nesimboli kuboniswe ngamanani kanambambili noma kanambambili amaningi.
Abantu, noma kunjalo, bathambekele ekucabangeni emadodeni.
| Izinkulungwane | Amakhulu | Amashumi | Izinyathelo |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Njengabantu, izinombolo zethu eziphansi kakhulu zibizwa ngokuthi amayunithi futhi zimelela izinombolo 0 kuya ku-9. Lapho sifika ku-10 senza kabusha ikholomu yamayunithi emuva ku-0 futhi ungeze 1 kukholomu leshumi (10).
| 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ku-kanambambili, inombolo ephansi kakhulu imelela u-0 no-1. Uma sidlulile 1 sibeka ikholomu engu-1 kukholomu ka-2 kanye ne-0 kukholomu engu-1. Uma ufuna ukumelela 4 ufaka i-1 kukholomu engu-4 uphinde usethe kabusha ikholomu ka-2 no-1.
Ngakho-ke ukumelela u-15 uzoba ne-1111 okuma-1 ayisishiyagalombili, owodwa, owodwa no-1 oyedwa. (8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15).
Uma sibheka ifayela ledatha kwifomathi kanambambili kuyoba yinto enkulu kakhulu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukukwenza.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sisuka kubhanari yi-octal, esebenzisa u-8 njengenombolo eyisisekelo.
| 24 | 16 | 8 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Kuhlelo lwe-octal ikholomu yokuqala iya kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-7, ikholomu yesibili ibe yi-8 kuya ku-15, ikholomu lesithathu kuya ku-23 nekholomu yesine kuya ku-31 nokunye. Nakuba ngokuvamile kulula ukuwafunda kunabantu abanambitheka kakhulu abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-hexadecimal.
I-Hexadecimal isebenzisa i-16 njengenombolo eyisisekelo. Manje yilapho edideka khona ngoba njengabantu sibheka ngezinombolo njenge-0 kuya ku-9.
Ngakho-ke yini esetshenziselwa u-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15? Impendulo yizinhlamvu.
- 0 = 0
- 1 = 1
- 2 = 2
- 3 = 3
- 4 = 4
- 5 = 5
- 6 = 6
- 7 = 7
- 8 = 8
- 9 = 9
- 10 = A
- 11 = B
- 12 = C
- 13 = D
- 14 = E
- 15 = F
Ngakho-ke inani le-100 limelelwa ngu-64. Uzodinga u-6 wekholomu engu-16s ephakamisa 96 bese kuthi-4 kumakholomu amayunithi enza 100.
Zonke izinhlamvu ezifayili zizovezwa ngenani le-hexadecimal. Lokho okushiwo yizindinganiso kuxhomeke ekufomeni kwefayela ngokwayo. Ifomethi yefayela ikhonjiswe ngamanani we-hexadecimal ngokuvamile agcinwe ekuqaleni kwefayela.
Ngolwazi lokulandelana kwamanani we- hexadecimal avela ekuqaleni kwamafayela, ungakwazi ngesandla ukwenza ukuthi ifomethi ifayili ikuphi. Ukubuka ifayela ekuthumeni kwe-hex kungakusiza ukuthola izinhlamvu ezifihliwe ezingaboniswa uma ifayela ilayishwe kumhleli wombhalo ojwayelekile.
Indlela Yakha I-Hex Dump usebenzisa i-Linux
Ukwakha i-hex dump usebenzisa i-Linux sebenzisa umyalo we-hexdump.
Ukuze ubonise ifayela njenge-hex kuya esibulalayo (ukukhishwa okujwayelekile) sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
igama lefayela le-hexdump
Ngokwesibonelo
hexdump image.png
Ukukhipha okuzenzakalelayo kuzobonisa inombolo yomugqa (ngefomethi ye-hexadecimal) bese kusethi 8 amasethi angu-4 hexadecimal ngomugqa ngamunye.
Ngokwesibonelo:
00000000 5089 474e 0a0d 0a1a 0000 0d00 4849 5244
Unganika ukushintsha okuhlukile ukushintsha okukhiphayo okuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo esibonisa ukushintshwa kwe-b okungezansi kuzokhiqiza i-offset yamadijithi ayi-8 elandelwe ngu-16 ikholomu amathathu, i-zero egcwalisiwe, i-bytes yedatha yokufaka kwifomethi ye-octal.
i-hexdump -b image.png
Ngakho-ke lesi sibonelo esingenhla sizobe simele ngale ndlela:
00000000 211 120 116 107 015 012 032 012 000 000 000 015 111 110 104 122
Ifomethi engenhla iyaziwa njengokuboniswa kwe-octal eyodwa.
Enye indlela yokubuka ifayela lisesibonisweni esisodwa se-byte usebenzisa inkinobho ye-minus c.
i-hexdump -c image.png
Lokhu kuphinda kuboniswe ukukhipha okwamanje kodwa okwamanje kulandelwe izihlukanisi eziyishumi nesithupha ezihlukanisiwe, ikholomu ezintathu, izinhlamvu ezigcwalisiwe zendawo yedatha yokufaka ngomugqa ngamunye.
Okunye ongakhetha kukho kufaka phakathi i-hexical hex + ascii ukubonisa okungaboniswa ngokusebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-C engaphandle kanye nokubonisa kwedesimenti ezimbili ezingaboniswa ngokusebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-dus. Ukushintsha okungu-o kungasetshenziswa ukubonisa ukuboniswa kwe-octal amabili. Okokugcina inkinobho ye-minux x ingasetshenziswa ukubonisa isibonisi se-hexadecimal ezimbili-byte.
i-hexdump -C image.png
i-hexdump -d image.png
i-hexdump -o image.png
i-hexdump -x image.png
Uma engekho amafomethi angenhla afanelana nezidingo zakho ukuze usebenzise i-minus e switch ukuze ucacise ifomethi.
Uma wazi ifayela lwedatha isikhathi eside futhi ufuna nje ukubona izinhlamvu ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuthola uhlobo lwalo ongasebenzisa -nshintsha ukuze ucacise ukuthi yiliphi ifayela elizolibonisa ku-hex.
i-hexdump -n100 image.png
Umyalo ongenhla ubonisa ama-byte angamakhulu ayisithupha.
Uma ufisa ukweqa ingxenye yefayela ungasebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-minus ukuze usethe ukucasula ukuqala kusuka.
i-hexdump -s10 image.png
Uma unganikezi igama lomsebenzisi umbhalo ufundwa kusuka kokufaka okujwayelekile.
Mane nje ufake umyalo olandelayo:
i-hexdump
Bese ufaka umbhalo ekufakweni okujwayelekile futhi uqede ngokuthayipha ukuyeka. I-hex izoboniswa ekuphumeni okujwayelekile.
Isifingqo
Umbuso we-hexdump ngokusobala ithuluzi elinamandla futhi kufanele nakanjani ufunde ikhasi lebhukwana ukuze uhlangane nazo zonke izici.
Uzodinga nokuqonda okuhle lokho okufunayo uma ufunda okukhiphayo.
Ukuze ubuke ikhasi lebhukwana usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:
indoda hexdump