Ukusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE Element kwimodi ye-Quirks

Shiya i-Doctype ukubeka abaphequlula ku-Quirks Mode

Uma ngabe udwebe amakhasi wewebhu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, cishe uthola ubunzima bokubhala ikhasi elibukeka elifanayo kuzo zonke iziphequluli . Empeleni, akunakwenzeka. Iziphequluli eziningi zabhalwa ngezici ezikhethekile ezikwazi ukubhekana nazo kuphela. Noma banezindlela ezikhethekile zokusingatha izinto ezingafani nendlela ezinye iziphequluli ezisingatha ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Izendlalelo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kuziphequluli ze-Netscape. Azisebenzi kunoma isiphi isiphequluli, futhi empeleni ziye zahlulwa ku-Netscape 6.x +.

• Amafayili e-inline aqale adalwe ku-Internet Explorer kuphela, futhi asebe yingxenye ye-HTML.
• I-Internet Explorer 6.0 inezela isikhala esengeziwe (njenge-a
  ) amathegi azungezile, ngaphandle uma ubhala okuqukethwe kwe-div konke ngomugqa owodwa (omude). (I-IE 6 ineziqu eziningi eziningi kanye nalena.)
• I-Netscpe 4.7 ngeke ibonise amatafula angabhalwanga ku-HTML efanele - ibonisa ikhasi elingenalutho kunalokho. Lokhu kwahlelwa ku-Netscape 6.

Inkinga yabathuthukisi beziphequluli ukuthi kufanele ukuthi idale iziphequluli zewebhu ezibuyela emuva ezihambisana namakhasi wewebhu akhalelwe iziphequluli ezindala. Ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nalolu daba, abenzi beziphequluli badala izindlela zokuphequlula iziphequluli ukuze zisebenze. Lezi zindlela zichazwa ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwesici se-DOCTYPE nalokho okubizwa yi-DOCTYPE.

I-DOCTYPE Ishintshe futhi "I-Quirks Mode"

Uma ufaka i-DOCTYPE elandelayo ekhasini lakho lewebhu:

Iziphequluli zanamuhla (i-Android 1+, i-Chrome 1+, i-IE 6+, i- iOS 1+, i-Firefox 1+, i-Netscape 6+, i-Opera 6+, i-Safari 1+) ingayichaza lokhu ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Ngoba kukhona i-DOCTYPE ebhaliwe kahle, lokhu kubangela imodi yezindinganiso.
2. Kuyinto idokhumenti ye-HTML 4.01 yesikhashana
3. Ngenxa yokuthi kumodi yezinga, iziphequluli eziningi zizokwenza okuqukethwe okuhambisanayo (noma ngokuvamile kuvumelana) nge-HTML 4.01 yesikhashana

Futhi uma ufake le DOCTYPE kudokhumenti yakho:

Lokhu kukutshela iziphequluli zanamuhla ukuthi ufuna ukubonisa ikhasi lakho le-HTML 4.01 ngokulandela ngokuqinile i-DTD.

Lezi ziphequluli zizongena kumodi "eqinile" noma "izindinganiso" futhi zinikeze ikhasi ngokuhambisana namazinga. (Ngakho, kulolu dokhumenti, amathegi anjengoba angayinaki ngokuphelele isiphequluli, njengoba isici se-FONT sichithwe ku-HTML 4.01 Esiqinile.)

Uma ushiya ngokuphelele i-DOCTYPE, iziphequluli zikhonjiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo kwimodi ye "quirks".

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi iziphequluli ezivamile zenzeni uma zihanjiswa ngezimemezelo ezivamile ze-DOCTYPE.

I-Microsoft Yenza Kukhuni

I-Internet Explorer 6 nayo inesici sokuthi uma ufaka noma yini ngenhla kokumemezela kwe-DOCTYPE, bayongena kumodi ye-quirks. Ngakho, lezi zibonelo zombili zizobeka i-IE 6 kwimodi ye-quirks, noma ngabe izimemezelo ze-DOCTYPE zithi zimodi eqinile yezinga:

kanye ne-XHTML 1.1 DOCTYPE:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uthola i-IE6 edlulile, unayo "isici" iMicrosoft eyongezwe ku-IE8 ne-IE9: Isici se-META esishintshayo kanye ne-website ye-blacklisting. Eqinisweni, lezi zinguqulo ezimbili zesiphequluli manje zinamamodi ahlukene angama-7 (!):

• IE 5.5 imodi ye-quirks (IE 8 no-9)
• Imodi ye-IE 7 ye-standard (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 8 cishe imodi yezinga (IE 8 no-9)
• Imodi ye-IE 8 ye-standard (IE 8 no-9)
• IE 9 cishe imodi yezinga (IE 9)
• Imodi ye-IE 9 ye-standard (IE 9)
• Imodi ye-XML (IE 9)

U-IE 8 uphinde wafaka "Imodi Yokuhambisana" lapho umsebenzisi angakhetha ukushintsha imodeli yokunikeza emuva ku-IE 7 mode. Ngakho-ke ngisho noma ngabe usetha imodi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa usebenzisa kokubili izinto ze-DOCTYPE ne-META, ikhasi lakho lingasaphindelelwa emuva kwimodi encane ehambisana nemigomo.

Iyini i-Quirks Mode?

Imodi ye-Quirks idalwe ukusiza ukubhekana nakho konke okungaqondakali kokuhumusha nokusekelwa kwesiphequluli esingavumelani kanye nokusekelwa kwabakhi bewebhu abasebenzisa ukubhekana nalezo zinto. Ukukhathazeka kwabakhiqizi beziphequluli kwaba ukuthi uma beguqule iziphequluli zabo ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana okuphelele, abaqambi bewebhu bazoshiywa ngemuva.

Ngokusetha i-DOCTYPE ukushintsha ne "I-Quirks Mode" lokhu kuvumela abaqambi bewebhu ukuba bakhethe ukuthi bafuna kanjani iziphequluli ukunikeza i-HTML yabo.

I-Quirks Mode Effects

Kunemiphumela eminingana iziphequluli eziningi ezisetshenziswa ku-Quirks Mode:

• Kwezinye iziphequluli, imodeli yebhokisi ishintsha ku-IE 5.5 inguqulo yebhokisi lebhokisi kwimodi ye-quirks.
• Ezinye iziphequluli azizuzi njengezifayela ezitafuleni
• Imodi ye-Quirks ithinta ukuhanjiswa kwe-CSS ne-CSS ukuhlelwa ngokuphawulekayo, uma uguqula amakhasi kumodi yezindinganiso kusuka kwimodi ye-quirks, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuhlelwa kwakho kwe-CSS nokuphishekela kabanzi.
• Buka izinguquko ekubhaliseni uma kumodi ye-quirks. I-Firefox ishintsha indlela i-id attribute esebenza ngayo, isibonelo. IE8 ne-IE9 zinezinguquko eziphawulekayo ekubhalweni kwimodi ye-quirks.

Kukhona umehluko "ku-Almost Standards Mode:"

• Ukuphakama kwamathebula etafuleni ngezithombe kuphela ngaphakathi kubalwa ngokuhlukile kumodi yamazinga.

Indlela Yokukhetha i-DOCTYPE

Ngingena emininingwaneni eningi ohlwini lwami lwe-DOCTYPE, kodwa nansi eminye imithetho evamile yesithupha:

1. Njalo khetha imodi yamazinga kuqala. Futhi izinga langamanje okufanele ulisebenzise i-HTML5:
   Ngaphandle kokuba unesizathu esithile sokugwema ukusebenzisa i-HTML5 DOCTYPE, yilokho okufanele usebenzise.
2. Yiya ku-HTML 4.01 eqinile uma udinga ukuqinisekisa izakhi zefa noma ufuna ukugwema izici ezintsha ngesizathu esithile:

3. Uma usule izithombe ezithebula etafuleni futhi ungafuni ukuzilungisa, iya ku-HTML ye-Transition HTML 4.0:

4. Ungabhali amakhasi ngamabomu kumodi ye-quirks. Sebenzisa njalo i-DOCTYPE. Lokhu kuzokusindisa esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo, futhi akusizi ngalutho ngempela. IE6 ilahlekelwa ukuthandwa ngokushesha futhi ngokuklama lesi siphequluli (okungukuthi lokho okuyiyona ndlela yokuklama kwimodi ye-quirks kuyinto) uzivimbela wena, abafundi bakho namakhasi akho. Uma kufanele ubhale i-IE 6 noma i-7, bese usebenzisa imibono enemibandela yokusekela, kunokuba ucindezele iziphequluli zanamuhla zibe yimodi ye-quirks.

Kungani usebenzisa i-DOCTYPE

Uma usuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-DOCTYPE luyashintsha, ungathinta amakhasi akho wewebhu ngokuqondile usebenzisa i-DOCTYPE ebonisa ukuthi isiphequluli singalindela kusuka ekhasini lakho. Futhi, uma uqala ukusebenzisa i-DOCTYPE, uzobe ubhala i-HTML esiseduze nokuba isebenze (kufanele usayisebenzise). Futhi ngokubhala i-XHTML evumelekile, ukhuthaza abenzi be-browser ukuthi bakhe izindinganiso ezihambisana neziphequluli.

Izinguquko zesiphequluli nemodi yama-Quirks