Umlando, i-Evolution kanye nekusasa lamabhukhimakhi

by UJerri Collins

Sibutsetelo

Amabhukhimakhi, kumagama wekhompiyutha wekhompiyutha afana nalabo abalingana nabo bezwe langempela. Njengoba nje ibhukimakhi efakwe encwadini kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyele kamuva lapho ushiye khona, ngakho-ke amabhukhimakhi akuvumela ukuthi ubuyele kumakhasi ethize wewebhu noma kwezinye izindawo eziqondene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ekhasini.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhukhimakhi ahambe ngamagama ahlukene ezipheqululini ezahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi unikeze abasebenzisi izici eziningi-nezinhloko. Emkhakheni wabo, bakwenza ukwazi ukugcina ithrekhi yamakhasi wewebhu ofuna ukuwahlola kamuva, ngaphandle kokukhula amahlathi amathebhu avulekile kusiphequluli sakho.

I-Evolution of Bookmarks

Amabhukhimakhi awakhiwe ngaphambi kokuthi iWeb Wide Web jikelele ikhona. Ngo-1989, u-Craig Cockburn wabhala isiphakamiso se-touch-screen device ebizwa ngokuthi "PageLink" eyosebenza njengokuhlanganiswa kwalokho esikucabanga manje njengomfundi we-e-book kanye nesiphequluli-sigcwaliswe ngamabhukimakhi.

U-Cockburn ufake isicelo se-patent ngo-Ephreli ka-1990, kodwa akukaze kuthuthukiswe. (U-Cockburn uthumele isicelo sakhe se-patent ku-inthanethi lapha.)

Amabhukhimakhi njengoba sibaziyo namuhla aqale avela ngo-1993, njengengxenye ye-Mosaic 1.0 yesiphequluli. UMosikhi ulandelele bonke abasebenzisi bewebhu abavakashele, nezixhumanisi ezinemibala ngokuhlukile uma kuholele kubasebenzisi bekhasi bekade beba ngaphambili. Umqondo wokukhipha uhlu "amabhukimaki" kusobala ukuthi usevele uxoxwa, njengoba kubonakala kuNgqungquthela kaMeyi ka-1993 enkulumweni yakhe ethi "World Wide Web News" eNgqungqutheleni Yomhlaba Wade Yomsunguli weTim Berners-Lee.

Uhlu lwamabhukhimakhi, owaziwa ngokuthi "uhlu lokushisa", lugcinwa phakathi kwezikhathi njengohlu oluyimfihlo lwezindawo ezithakazelisayo. Ungangeze ngisho nezichasiselo zakho siqu kunoma iyiphi idokhumenti, ezovela njalo uma wena (kodwa wena kuphela) ufunde ... UMarc Andreesen, umbhali, wenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu lapha.

Ezinye iziphequluli zakuqala, ezifana ne-ViolaWWW ne-Celio, zifaka amandla okubhukimakhi afanayo. Kodwa kwaba ukuqhuma kukaMoseki ekuthandeni okuye kwasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwamabhukimakhi kungaba yisiyisisekelo seziphequluli ezizayo. U-Andreesen wafaka nabo kusiphequluli sakhe esilandelayo, i-Netscape Navigator. Phakathi neminyaka, futhi ngeziphequluli ezahlukene, amabhukhimakhi ahambe ngamanye amagama ngaphandle kokuthi "HotList," njenge "Izintandokazi" nethi "Amashothikhathi," kodwa ukubhuka ibhulogi sekuyigama elivamile lemi sebenzi.

Noma ngabe yiliphi igama, ukukhishwa kwamabhukhimakhi namhlanje kungatholakala ngokuvelele futhi kalula kuzo zonke iziphequluli ezinkulu: i-Explorer, Safari, i-Chrome, ne-Firefox.

Akumangalisi ukuthi abathuthukisi besiphequluli baqhubeka bezama futhi bazama ukuthuthukisa amabhukimakhi abo, ukuze bancintisane nabaphikisana nabo.

Ezinye iziphequluli zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqoqe amabhukumaka amaningi ukuze bavuleke konke kanye, ngomyalo owodwa; okuwusizo kubasebenzisi abazi ukuthi bafuna ukuqala amaseshini abo neqembu elifanayo lamakhasi evulekile njalo.

Ngo-2004, i-Firefox iqalise i- "Live Bookmarking," evumela abasebenzisi ukudala amabhukimakhi angaba namandla ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokuzenzekelayo nge-RSS feed.

Futhi ayikho amabhukhimakhi wesifundazwe esiphezulu seziphequluli. Izinhlelo eziningi zinikeza ibhukhumaka yolwazi ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zabo, ikakhulukazi abafundi be-e-book.

Njengoba ukuthandwa namakhono amafoni smart akhule-nabasebenzisi abaningi bekhompyutha bazitholela ngokwabo ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi amaningi phakathi kwesikhathi sabo emsebenzini, ekhaya nasemgwaqweni-amawebhusayithi aqala ukunika amandla amabhukumaka okuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufinyelela kunoma iyiphi idivayisi abayisebenzisayo Ngena ngemvume.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esingokwemvelo sasenzelwe abasebenzisi abahlukile ukuthi babelane futhi bahlanganyele amabhukumaka omunye nomunye. Okumnandi, okusungulwe ngo-2003, kusize ukuphakamisa amagama athi "ibhukhimakhi yezenhlalo" nokuthi "ukubeka uphawu" ukuchaza lokhu kusebenzisana.

Ngo-2005, i-Google yaxhuma amabhukhimakhi e-Google-hhayi ukudideka ngamabhukhimakhi-isiphequluli-ukuthi anganikanga kuphela ukubhuka kwamabhukhimakhi, kepha avunyelwe abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ukusesha kwamakhasi abo ababebeke uphawu.

Njengeziningi ze-intanethi, imibuzo yobumfihlo nobunikazi bolwazi lokubhukimakhi ahlale ingagululwa. Okwamanje, abanikazi bezingosi zokubhukimela abantu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza bangaqoqa, babelane futhi badayise idatha kulokho abasebenzisi babo abakhangayo futhi babelana nabakhangisi, abathengisi, imikhankaso yezombangazwe nanoma ubani omunye onentshisekelo ekulandeleni imininingwane enjalo.

Izinhlobo zamabhukhimakhi

Ngaphezu kokuhluka kwamabhukimakhi okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla-ibhukhimakhi yezenhlalo, ukubhukimela kwesiphequluli, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubhukimela, namawebhsayithi wokubeka amabhukhimakhi-kukhona ukungezwani kobuchwepheshe okungase kungabonakali ngokushesha kubaningi bezinhlaka zekhompyutheni.

Ngokuqondile, kunezindlela ezehlukene ama-computer angaphatha futhi agcine ulwazi olwenza amabhukhimakhi abasebenzisi.

Zingagcinwa kwifayela le-HTML, ngokuvamile ibhukhimakhi.html. Ezinye amabhukhimakhi esitolo esiphequluli kufomethi ye-database ephephile. Abanye bagcina ibhukumaka ngayinye njengefayela layo.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo uma kuziwa ekuphathweni komsebenzisi kolwazi lwabo.

Ikusasa Lamabhukhimakhi

Njengoba sekufike amabhukumaka kusukela ekudalweni kwawo ekuqaleni kuka-90s, kukhona indawo yokuthuthukiswa. (Ungathola isisombululo esihle sezikhalo lapha.)

Okokuqala, ngenxa yokugqugquzela ezentengiselwano, abenzi bokuphequlula bayaqhubeka belayisha uhlu lwabo lwamabhukhimakhi ngamasayithi okungenzeka angabi nandaba nabasebenzisi bawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu-nokukhathazeka okusobala okuphathelene nomnikazi-ngenkathi abenzi beziphequluli bephuthukisiwe ekuphatheni uma kuziwa ekuhambeni nasekuvumelaneni amabhukimakhi akho kusuka kudivayisi kuya kudivayisi, kusale okuningi okumelwe kwenziwe uma kuziwa ekugcineni amabhukimakhi akho kusuka kwesinye isiphequluli segama omunye.

Ukwengeza, amagama akhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo amabhukhimaki ngokuvamile ashiya kakhulu okufisa ukuza-ezayo, njengoba enza, kusuka kumethadatha yekhasi lewebhu elivame ukwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ukuvuza ukuseshwa kwegama elingukhiye, esikhundleni sokuletha ngokucacile, okufingqiwe, okulula ukufunda isihloko sekhasi.

Ekugcineni, inkinga enkulu ngamabhukhimakhi ayingxenye yesimiso sememori-njengoba ulwazi lukhuphuka, kunzima ukuthola nokufinyelela ngokuqondile lokho okufunayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye baye basikisela ukuthi imisebenzi yamabhukhimakhi ingahle ihlolwe ukuhlola futhi isuse izixhumanisi ezifile, noma ukuhlunga amabhukimakhi ngezimvamisa lapho zisetshenziswa khona ngempela.