Dive ngaphakathi ebhokisini le-loudspeaker
Umsindo uyasizungezile. Emvelweni, lenziwa yimibutho yemvelo kanye nezinto eziphilayo, futhi iningi labantu liyakwazi ukuzwa umsindo ngezindlebe zabo.
Ngokuqina kwethu kwezobuchwepheshe, abantu bangaphinde bathathe umsindo ngokusebenzisa imakrofoni, eguqula umsindo ube yimigomo kagesi engabhalwa kwindlela ethile yokugcinwa kwezindaba. Uma ithunyelwe futhi igcinwe, ingabuyekezwa esikhathini esizayo noma indawo. Ukuzwa umsindo orekhodiwe kudinga idivayisi yokudlala, i-amplifier, futhi, okubaluleke kunazo zonke, i-loudspeaker.
01 ka-06
Iyini i-Loudspeaker?
I-Loudspeaker iyinhlangano eguqula izimpawu kagesi zibe umsindo njengoba umphumela wenqubo ye-electro-mechanical. Abakhulumi bafaka ngokujwayelekile ukwakhiwa okulandelayo:
- Uhlaka lwensimbi olubizwa ngokuthi i-The Basket ngaphakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye zesiphakamiso ezibekiwe.
- I-Diaphragm eqhuma umoya ngokudlidliza. Amaphethini we-vibration yilokho okukhiqiza ama-waves afunayo afunwa yizindlebe zakho. I-Diaphragm ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiCone. Nakuba i-cone yokududuza isetshenziswa kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezithile (okukhulunywa ngazo kamuva kulesi sihloko).
- Indandatho yangaphandle ye-rubber, i-foam, noma enye into ehambisanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Surround (hhayi ukudideka ngezwi elizungezile noma izikhulumi ezizungezile) ezithinta isifenqo endaweni, ngenkathi inikeza ukuguquguquka okwanele ukuze idlidliza. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kunikezwa esinye isakhiwo, okubizwa ngokuthi iSicabucabu. I-Spider iqinisekisa ukuthi i-diaphragm yesipikha esithuthumayo nesizungezile ayithinti uhlaka lwensimbi lwangaphandle.
- Ikhoyili yezwi ehlanganiswe i-electromagnet ibeka ngemuva kwesimiso somsindo. Iqoqo le-Magnet / Voice Coil linikeza amandla okwenza isifingqo sigxumeke ngokusho kwamaphethini kagesi okutholakele.
- Izikhulumi eziphathekayo nazo zine-bulge encane ehlanganisa indawo lapho ikhoyili yezwi ifakwe ku-diaphragm. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Cap Cap.
Isikhulumi (esibizwa nangokuthi umshayeli wesipikha, noma umshayeli), manje singakwazi ukuveza umsindo, kodwa indaba ayipheli lapho.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isikhulumi senza kahle futhi sibonakala sithokozisa ngokuhlelekile, sidinga ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-enclosure. Nakuba iningi lesikhathi, lo mgodi uhlobo oluthile lwebhokisi lezinkuni, ezinye izinto ezifana neplastiki ne-aluminium ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa. Esikhundleni sebhokisi, izikhulumi nazo zingafika kwezinye izimo, njengephaneli flat noma sphere.
Futhi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, akuzona zonke izikhulumi ezisebenzisa ikhamera ukuze zivelise umsindo. Isibonelo, abanye abenzi bezikhulumi, njenge-Klipsch, basebenzisa Amacilongo ngaphezu kwezikhulumi ze-cone, kanti abanye abenzi bezikhulumi, ikakhulukazi uMartin Logan, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Electrostatic ekwakheni isikhulumi, kanti abanye, njengoMagnepan, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beRibhoni. Kukhona ngisho namacala lapho umsindo uphinde wakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezingezona zendabuko .
02 ka 06
Ama-Full-Range, Woofers, Abathengisi, nabakwa-Mid-range Speakers
Isikhulumi Esigcwele Sokuxhumana
I-loudspeaker evulekile encane iqukethe isikhulumi esisodwa, okumele sikhiqize wonke ama-frequencies athunyelwe kuyo. Kodwa-ke, uma isikhulumi sincane kakhulu, singase sikhiqize kuphela ama-frequencies aphezulu. Uma "ubukhulu obuphakathi", kungase kuvelise umsindo wezwi lomuntu kanye namafomethi afanayo kahle, kodwa ahluleke kokubili ububanzi obuphezulu nobuphansi. Uma isikhulumi sikhulu kakhulu, singase senze kahle ngama frequencies aphansi futhi, mhlawumbe, ama frequencies aphakathi nendawo, kodwa angenze kahle ngama frequencies aphezulu.
Isixazululo, ukwandisa uhla lwamaphambanethi angabuyekezwa ngokuba nezikhulumi zamasayizi ahlukene ngaphakathi kwesikhala esifanayo.
Woofers
I-woofer yikhulumi esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi lakhiwe ukuze ikwazi ukukhiqiza ama frequencies aphansi noma aphansi naphakathi kwebanga (okuningi ngaphezulu kwalokhu kamuva). Lolu hlobo lwesipikha lwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekukhiqizeni ama frequency ozwayo, njengamazwi, izinsimbi zomculo eziningi, nemisindo. Kuye ngobukhulu be-enclosure, i-woofer ingaba encane njengamasentimitha angu-4 ububanzi noma inkulu njengama-intshi angu-15. Ama-Woofers anama-diameter angu-6.5 kuya kwangu-8 amasentimitha avamile ezikhulwini zokuma phansi, kuyilapho ama-woofers enezinhlamvu ku-4 no-5-intshi ububanzi ejwayelekile ezikhulwini zezibhebhe.
Abathengisi
I-tweeter isikhulumi esiklanyelwe ngokukhethekile okungeyona nje encane kakhulu kune-woofer kodwa inomsebenzi wokuveza ama-audio frequencies ngaphezu kwephuzu elithile, kubandakanya, kwezinye izimo, lizwakala ukuthi indlebe yomuntu ayikwazi ukuzwa ngokuqondile, kodwa ingaqonda.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi i-tweeter inenzuzo yukuthi kusukela ama-high-frequencies aqondisa kakhulu, ama-tweeters aklanyelwe ukusakaza imisindo ephezulu ephindaphindiwe ekamelweni ukuze azwakale ngokunembile. Uma ukusabalalisa kuncane kakhulu, umlaleli unenani elilinganiselwe lokukhethwa kwendawo yokulalela. Uma ukusabalalisa kukhulu kakhulu, umqondo wokuqondisa lapho umsindo uvela khona ulahlekile.
Izinhlobo zabathengisi:
- Isikhombi - Inguqulo encane yesiphakamiso esivamile.
- I-Dome - Ikhoyili yezwi ifakwe kwidome engenziwa ngendwangu noma insimbi ehambisanayo (njengaleyo eboniswe esithombeni).
- I-piezo - Esikhundleni sekhoyili yezwi ne-cone noma i-dome, ukuxhumeka kagesi kusetshenziswe ku-crystal ye-piezoelectric, ebuye idlidliza isifenqema.
- I-Ribbon - Esikhundleni se-diaphragm yendabuko, amandla amandla asetshenziselwa i-ribbon (s) elincane ukudala umsindo.
- I-Electrostatic - I-diaphragm encane imiswa phakathi kwezikrini ezimbili zensimbi. Izikrini zithinta isignali kagesi ngendlela yokuthi ziphuma ngaphandle kwesigaba, ngaleyo ndlela zikhawulwe futhi ziphikisele imfucumfucu emisiwe, idale ukudlidliza okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale umsindo.
Abathengi bobuphakathi obuphakathi
Nakuba isikhulumi singenele singase sihlanganise i-woofer ne-tweeter ukumboza lonke ibanga lezimvamisa, abanye abenzi bezikhulumi bayithatha isinyathelo esengeziwe ngokungeza isikhulumi sesithathu esahlukanisa ama frequencies aphansi naphakathi. Lokhu kubhekiselwa njengesikhulumi se-Mid-range.
2-Way vs 3-Way
Iqinisekisa ukuthi kufaka nje i-woofer kanye ne-tweeter kuthiwa yi-2-Way Somlomo, kanti isikhala esinezindlu ze-woofer, tweeter, kanye nobubanzi bubizwa ngokuthi isikhulumi se-3-Way.
Ungase ucabange ukuthi kufanele ukhethe njalo isikhulumi se-3, kodwa lokho bekuyodukisa. Ungaba nesiphakamiso esihle kakhulu esakhelwe ngendlela engu-2 ezwakala kahle noma isikhulumi esivela kahle esivela ku-3 esivela esabekayo.
Akuyona nje isayizi nenombolo yezipikha ezibalulekile, kodwa yiziphi izinto ezakhiwa ngazo, ukuklama ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, kanye nekhwalithi yesakhi esilandelayo-i-Crossover.
03 ka 06
Crossovers
Awujiki nje i-woofer ne-tweeter, noma i-woofer, i-tweeter, naphakathi kwebanga ebhokisini le-wire ndawonye futhi lithemba ukuthi lizwakala lihle.
Uma une-woofer / tweeter, noma isikhulumi se-woofer / tweeter / phakathi phakathi kwekhabhinethi yakho, udinga i-crossover.
I-crossover iyisifunda se-electronic esinika i-frequency range ibanga lezipikha ezahlukene.
Isibonelo, kwesikhulumi se-2, i-crossover isethelwe iphuzu elithile lezimvamisa-noma yiziphi izingosi ezingenhla kwaleli phuzu zithunyelwa kwi-tweeter, kanti okusele kuthunyelwa ku-woofer.
Ngesikhulumi esivela ku-3, i-crossover ingakhiwa ukuze ibe namaphoyinti amabili okuvama-enye ibamba iphuzu phakathi kwe-woofer nephakathi kwebanga, enye enye iphuzu phakathi kwebanga lobubanzi ne-tweeter.
Amaphuzu okuvama ukuthi i-crossover isethwe ngokuhlukahluka. Iphuzu le-crossover elijwayelekile le-2 lingase ibe ngu-3kHz (noma yini engenhla iya kwi-tweeter, noma yini engezansi iya kwi-woofer), futhi amaphuzu angama-3 angama-crossover angase abe yi-160-200Hz phakathi kwe-woofer nephakathi kwebanga, bese i-3Hz iphuzu phakathi kobubanzi obuphakathi no-tweeter.
04 ka 06
Ama-Radiators nama-Ports
I-Radiator engahambi kahle ibheka njengesikhulumi, inomswakama, isizungezile, isicabucabu, nohlaka, kodwa ayikho ikhoyili yezwi. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-coil yezwi ukudlidliza isikhala sesikhulumi, i-radiator engahambelani idlidliza ngokuhambisana nenani lomoya oqhumayo ngaphakathi kwe-enclosure.
Lokhu kudala umphumela ohambisanayo lapho i-woofer inikeza amandla amandla okubili kokubili kanye ne-radiator engavamile. Nakuba kungalingani nokuba ne-woofers emibili exhunywe ngokuqondile ku-amplifier, inhlanganisela ye-woofer kanye nezinsiza ze-radiator ezingenalutho ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo osebenza kahle kakhulu we-bass. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle ezinkampanini ezincane zesikhulumi, njengoba i-woofer eyinhloko ingabhekiselwa ngaphandle endaweni elalelayo, kuyilapho i-radiator engavamile ingafakwa ngemuva kwesikhulumi esivakelwe.
Okunye okunye okumele kube khona i-radiator engenayo yiPort. Ichweba liyishubhu elibekwe ngaphambili noma ngemuva kwesikhulumi sesikhulumi ukuze umoya uphonswe yi-woofer uthunyelwa echwebeni, kudala ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo okuhambisana nokuvama kwesikhashana njengomshini we-radiator.
Ukuze wenze kahle umsebenzi wayo, ichweba kufanele libe linye futhi lilingane futhi kufanele libheke eziciweni ezithile ze-enclosure ne-woofer ehambisanayo. Abathengi abafaka ichweba kuthiwa yiBass Reflex Speakers .
05 ka 06
I-Subwoofer
Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa olulodwa lwe-loudspeaker okufanele lucabangele - i-Subwoofer. I-subwoofer yenzelwe ukukhiqiza ama frequencies aphansi kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izicelo zaseshashalazini zasekhaya .
Izibonelo kwakuyi-subwoofer efunwa kuyobe ikhiqiza imiphumela ethile ephansi-imvamisa (LFE), njengokuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwamabhayisikobho, kanye nomculo, amanothi omgogodla wendiza, ama-bass acoustic double, noma i-tympani.
Ama-subwoofers amaningi anikwe amandla . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokungafani nesiphakamiso sendabuko, bane-amplifier eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengezinye izikhulumi zendabuko, bangase basebenzise i-radiator noma ichweba elungele ukuthuthukisa impendulo ephansi.
06 ka-06
Okubalulekile
Ama-loudspeakers aklanyelwe ukuzala umsindo oqoshiwe ukuze ukwazi ukuzwa ngesikhathi esithile noma endaweni. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwakha i-loudspeaker, kufaka phakathi isheluli nezinketho zesayizi yokuma phansi .
Ngaphambi kwakho nge-loudspeaker noma i-loudspeaker system, uma kungenzeka, yenza ukulalela okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqukethwe ( ama-CD , amaDVD , ama- Blu-ray / Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs, noma ngisho namaVinyl Amarekhodi ) owaziyo.
Futhi, hhayi kuphela uqaphele indlela isikhulumi esihlanganisiwe ngayo, ubukhulu bayo, noma ukuthi kuyindleko kangakanani kodwa ukuthi empeleni kuzwakala kanjani kuwe.
Uma uyala izikhulumi ku-intanethi, hlola uma kunesilingo sokulalela izinsuku ezingu-30 noma ezingu-60 esitholakalayo njengoba naphezu kwanoma yiziphi izimangalo eziphathelene nokusebenza okungenzeka, ngeke wazi ukuthi bazozwakala kanjani ekamelweni lakho uze uqale. Lalela izikhulumi zakho ezintsha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, njengezinkulumo zesiphakamiso kusukela esikhathini sokuqala sokuphumula phakathi kwamahora angu-40-100.
I-Bonus Isihloko: Indlela Yokuhlanza Nokugcina Abakhulumi Bakho