Yeka indlela ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa buyingxenye yokuphila kwakho
I-biometrics ichazwa njengokutadisha nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zesayense / nezobuchwepheshe ezenzelwe ukulinganisa, ukuhlaziya, kanye / noma ukurekhoda izici ezihlukile zomzimba noma zokuziphatha. Eqinisweni, iningi lethu selivele lisisebenzisa i-biometrics manje emafenini eminwe yethu nasebusweni bethu.
Nakuba i-biometrics isetshenziswe yizimboni ezihlukahlukene amashumi eminyaka, i-tech yanamuhla iye yasiza ukuthola ukuqwashisa okubanzi komphakathi. Isibonelo, eziningi ze-smartphones zakamuva zinezinkinobho zeminwe kanye / noma ukuqashelwa kobuso ukuvula amadivaysi. I-biometrics ihlanganisa izici zabantu ezihlukile kumuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye - uqobo lwethu luba yindlela yokuhlonza / ukuqinisekiswa esikhundleni sokungena kwamaphasiwedi noma amakhodi wephini.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isibonakaliso esisekelwe" (isib. Ukhiye, amakhedi e-ID, amalayisensi okushayela) kanye "nolwazi olusekelwe" (isib. Amaphuzu we-PIN, amaphasiwedi) wokulawula kokufinyelela, izici ze-biometri kunzima kakhulu ukugunda, ukweba, noma ukwehlisa . Lesi yisinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani i-biometrics ivame ukuvunyelwa ukufaka okuphezulu okuphezulu (isib. Izakhiwo zikahulumeni / ezempi), ukufinyelela emininingwaneni / ulwazi olubucayi, nokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa noma ukweba.
Izimpawu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza i-biometric / ukuqinisekiswa zihlala zinomphela, okunikeza kalula - awukwazi ukukhohlwa noma ukushiya ngephutha endaweni ethile ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa, nokusingatha idatha ye-biometric (ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene nomthengi tech) kuvame ukuletha ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuzimela komuntu siqu, ukuphepha, nokuvikelwa kobunikazi.
01 ka-03
Izici ze-Biometric
Kunezici eziningi zezici ze-biometri ezisetshenziswa namuhla, ngayinye enezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqoqa, isilinganiso, ukuhlolwa, nokusebenza. Izici ezingokwemvelo ezisetshenziswe ku-biometrics zihlobene nokuma kanye / noma ukwakheka komzimba. Ezinye izibonelo (kodwa azikhawulelwe):
DNA
Amafingerprints / izinhlamvu zesundu
Iris / retina
Ubuso
Vein geometry
Iphunga / iphunga
Izimpawu zokuziphatha ezisetshenziselwa i-biometrics - ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi yi-behaviometrics - zihlobene namaphethini ahlukile aboniswe ngento. Ezinye izibonelo (kodwa azikhawulelwe):
Izwi
Gait
Isiginesha
I-keystroke
I-Heartbeat
Izimpawu zikhethwa ngenxa yezici ezithile ezenza zifanele izilinganiso ze-biometric kanye nokuhlonza / ukuqinisekiswa. Izici eziyisikhombisa ziyi:
I-Universal - Umuntu ngamunye kufanele abe nayo
Okuyingqayizivele - Kufanele kube khona umehluko okwanele wokuhlukanisa abantu abahlukene abavela komunye nomunye
Ukuhlala njalo - Ukumelana nokuguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ie ukuthi ukuphikisana nokuguga)
Ukuqoqa - Ukunethezeka kokuthola nokulinganisa
Ukusebenza - Isivinini nokunemba kokufanisa
Ukusoka - Kungaba lula kangakanani ukukwenziwa noma ukulingiswa
Ukwamukelwa - Ukuvuleka kwabantu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe / inqubo ye-biometri (ie amasu alula futhi angenasiphelo, njengama- scanner zeminwe kuma-Smartphone , avame ukwamukelwa kabanzi)
Lezi zici zisiza futhi ukuthola ukuthi isisombululo esisodwa se-biometric singcono kanjani ukufaka esimweni kunomunye. Kodwa izindleko futhi inqubo yokuqoqa jikelele iyabhekwa futhi. Isibonelo, ama-fingerprint neminwe ebusweni amancane, ayabizi, ashesha, futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa kumadivayisi eselula. Yingakho ama-Smartphone afaka lawo esikhundleni sehadiwe ukuhlaziya iphunga lomzimba noma i-geometry ye-vein!
02 ka-03
Indlela i-Biometrics isebenza ngayo
Ukuhlonza kwe-biometri / ukuqinisekiswa kuqala ngezinqubo zokuqoqa. Lokhu kudinga izinzwa ezenzelwe ukuthatha idatha ethize ye-biometric. Abanikazi be-iPhone abaningi bangase bajwayelane nokusetha i-Touch ID, lapho kufanele bafake iminwe kumzwa we-Touch ID ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemishini / ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa usizo ukusekela ukusebenza okuphakeme kanye namazinga aphansi amaphutha ezinyathelweni ezalandela (okufanayo). Ngokuyinhloko, i-tech / ukutholakala okusha kusiza ekuthuthukiseni inqubo nge-hardware engcono.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa ze-biometri kanye / noma izinqubo zokuqoqa zivame kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu kunabanye ekuphileni kwansuku zonke (ngisho noma kungahambisani nokuhlonza / ukuqinisekiswa). Cabanga ngalokhu:
Isayensi ye-Forensic: Izinhlangano zokuphoqelela umthetho ziqoqa njalo izigxivizo zeminwe, amasampuli e-DNA (izinwele, igazi, amathe, njll), ukubhekwa kwevidiyo (ukubheka ubuso / ukubuka), ukuqoshwa kwamagama / amasignesha, nokuqoshwa komsindo (ukuqashelwa kwesitatimende) ukusiza ukubeka izigcawu zobugebengu nokukhomba ngabanye. Le nqubo ivame ukukhonjiswa (ie ilandiswa ngamadijithi ahlukene okwenziwe kwangempela) kumabhayisikobho nasemibukisweni yethelevishini. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuthenga amathoyizi esayensi ye-forensic for abafunayo abaculi.
Ukuvikeleka kwekhompyutha: I- fingerprint scanners uhlobo olukhulayo lwesici sokuphepha okufanele lufakwe kumadivayisi weselula - lawa maskena ayatholakala (kokubili adidiyelwe futhi njengengxenye ehlukene) kuma-desktop / laptop computer iminyaka. Ukuqaphela ubuso, okutholakala kuma-Smartphones afana ne- Apple iPhone X ne-Face ID noma i- Android esebenzise i-Google Smart Lock , yenza izenzo zokuphepha (ngokujwayelekile ukuvula) noma esikhundleni sezingcingo zeminwe.
Imithi: Amasheke amaningi aminyaka yonke asebenza kahle ahlanganisa ukucabanga kwe-digital retinal njengendlela (yokuzikhethela) ukuthuthukiswa ekuhlolisweni kwamehlo okuphelele. Izithombe zeso elingaphakathi kweso zisiza odokotela isikrini izifo / izimo zaso. Kukhona nokuhlolwa kofuzo, okusetshenzwa odokotela ukusiza abantu ngabanye ukuthi bathole izingozi namathemba okuthuthukisa isifo / isimo somzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwezingane kuyindawo evamile futhi (ngokuvamile ihloko ephindaphindiwe yemibukiso yezinkulumo zansuku zonke).
Ukuzijabulisa ekhaya / ukuzenzekela: Ukuqashelwa kwenkulumo (okuhlukile kokuqashelwa kwesipikha , okusetshenziselwa abakwa-forensics ukukhomba abantu ngokusebenzisa amaphethini wezwi) kuye kwatholakala isikhathi esithile. Ngokuyinhloko kufaka isicelo sokuqashelwa igama, njengokukhuluma-kuya-umbhalo, ukuhumusha ulimi, nokulawula idivayisi. Uma uxoxe no -Siri ka-Apple , i- Amazon sika-Alexa , i- Android ye-Google Now , kanye / noma i -Cortana ye-Microsoft , uke wabona ukuzijabulisa kokuqaphela inkulumo. Amadivaysi amaningi we-smarthome nawo angazenzekela ngokuzenzakalela ngokusebenza kwezwi .
Ukuthenga / Izivumelwano: Uma uke ukhokhe usebenzisa ikhadi lesikweletu kanye / noma usungulwe isivumelwano (isib. Amakhadi we-ID, amasheke asebhange, ama-medical / umshuwalense, izihloko / izenzo, ukuthanda, ukuqasha, njll) nomuntu / inhlangano, wena kungenzeka ukuthi usayine igama lakho. Amasayinini anjalo angahlolwa ukuze asize ukubeka ubunikazi kanye / noma abaqeqeshiwe - abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe bakwazi ukubona ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kokubhala ngesandla ngokungafani okubonisa umlobi ohluke ngokuphelele.
Uma isampula ye-biometric ithunjwe inzwa (noma izinzwa), ulwazi lwenzeka ngaphansi kokuhlaziywa ngamakhompiyutha e-computer. I-algorithms ihlelwe ukukhomba nokukhipha izici ezithile kanye / noma amaphethini ezici (isib. Imigwaqo nemigodi yeminwe yeminwe, amanethiwekhi emithanjeni yegazi ku-retinas, izimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-irises, i-pitch nesitayela / i-cadence yamagama, njll), evamile ukuguqula idatha kudokomenti / ithemplate yedijithali.
Ifomethi yedijithali yenza ulwazi lula ukuhlaziya / qhathanisa nabanye. Umkhuba wokuphepha omuhle wawuzofaka ukubethela nokugcinwa okuphephile kwazo zonke idatha / izifanekiso zedijithali.
Okulandelayo, ulwazi olucutshungulwa ludlulela ku-algorithm efanayo, okufanisa okufakwayo ngokumelene nesinye (isib. Ukuqinisekiswa) noma ngaphezulu (okubhaliwe) okufakiwe okulondolozwe ngaphakathi kwedatha yesistimu. Ukuqhathanisa kuhilela inqubo yokufaka amagoli okubala amazinga okufana, amaphutha (isib. Ukungafezeki kwenqubo yokuqoqa), ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo (okungukuthi ezinye izici zomuntu zingathola izinguquko ezicashile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), nokuningi. Uma amaphuzu edlula uphawu oluphansi lokulingana, uhlelo luphumelela ekuboneni / ukuqinisekisa umuntu ngamunye.
03 ka 03
Ukukhomba kwe-Biometric vs. Ukuqinisekiswa (Ukuqinisekiswa)
Uma kuziwa nge-biometrics, imigomo 'ukuhlonza' kanye 'nokuqinisekiswa' kuvamise ukudideka komunye nomunye. Noma kunjalo, ngamunye ucela umbuzo ohlukile kodwa ohlukile.
Ukuhlonza kwe-biometric ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungubani - inqubo ehambisanayo kuya kokubili ifanisa ukufakelwa kwedatha ye-biometric kukho konke okufakiwe ngaphakathi kwedatha. Isibonelo, i-fingerprint engaziwa etholakala endaweni yesehlakalo izocutshungulwa ukuze ibone ukuthi ingobani.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric ufuna ukwazi ukuthi nguwe othi uyena - inqubo efanelana eyodwa kuya kweyodwa ifanisa ukufakelwa kwedatha ye-biometric ngokumelene nokungena okukodwa (ngokuvamile okwakho okwakubhalisiwe ngaphambilini ukubhekisela) ngaphakathi kwedatha. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa isithwebuli sezinhlamvu zeminwe ukuvula i-smartphone yakho, ihlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impela ungumnikazi ogunyaziwe wedivayisi.