Funda Ngendlela Ama-Bits Asetshenziswa Ngayo Izithombe Zobuciko Bedijithali
Ama-bits asetshenziswa kuma-computer ukunikeza izingcezu ezincane zolwazi ngolimi umsebenzisi angakwazi ukufunda. Njengama-bits yisistimu eyisisekelo esetshenziselwa kukhompyutha yakho, isetshenziswe ku-photography yezithombe ukuthatha isithombe.
Iyini i-Bit?
I-"bit" yigama elisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwegama lamakhomphyutha, lapho lisho "idivaysi kanambambili", futhi libhekisela kolunye ucezu lwazi. Inenani le-0 noma le-1.
Ku-izithombe zedijithali, i-0 inikezwe kumnyama no-1 ibe mhlophe.
Ngolimi olubhanana (isisekelo-2), "u-10" ulingana no-2 ku-base-10, futhi "u-101" ulingana no-5 ku-base-10. (Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi ngokuguqula izinombolo eziyisisekelo-2 ukuze uqale-10, vakashela i-unitconversion.org Webhusayithi.)
Indlela Yokubheka Umbala Wokuqopha
Abasebenzisi bezinhlelo zokuhlela idijithali, njenge-Adobe Photoshop, bazojwayelana nezithombe ezihlukile zezintengo. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu kuyisithombe se-8-bit, esinama-tones angu-256, avela ku-"00000000" (inani lenombolo 0 noma elimnyama) kuya ku- "11111111" (inani lenani 255 noma elimhlophe).
Qaphela ukuthi kunamanani ayisishiyagalombili kulowo nalowo kulandelana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-8 bits alinganisa i-byte eyodwa ne-byte eyodwa engamele amazwe angu-256 ahlukene (noma imibala). Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha ukuhlanganiswa kwalabo abangu-1 no-0 ngokulandelana kancane, ikhompyutha ingadala enye yezinhlobo ezingu-256 zombala (2 ^ 8th amandla - '2' avela kumakhodi kanambambili we-1 no-0).
Ukuqonda u-8-bit, 24-bit, no-12- noma 16-bit
Izithombe ze-JPEG zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izithombe ezingu-24-bit. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le fomethi yefayili ingagcina ku-8 bits yedatha kumakamelo awo amathathu ombala (RGB noma obomvu, obuluhlaza, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Amanani aphakeme kakhulu njengama-12- noma 16-bit asetshenziselwa ama-DSLR amaningi amaningi ukuze enze ububanzi obuningi bombala. Isithombe se-16-bit singaba nemininingwane yamabala angu-65,653 (amandla angu- 2 ^ 16) kanye nesithombe se-12-bit singaba namazinga angu-4,096 (2 ^ amandla angu-12)
I-DSLRs isebenzisa amathoni amaningi ezindaweni eziqhakazile, okushiya amathoni ambalwa kakhulu ukuyeka okumnyama (lapho iso lomuntu lisezingeni elibucayi kakhulu). Ngisho nesithombe se-16-bit, njengesibonelo, sinamathoni angu-16 kuphela okuchaza ukumisa okumnyama kakhulu esithombeni. Isitoreji esiqhakazile, uma siqhathaniswa, sizoba namathoni angu-32,768!
Inothi Mayelana Nokunyathelisa Izithombe Ezinnyama Nezimhlophe
Iphrinta ye-inkjet evamile isebenza esikalini se-8-bit futhi. Uma ushicilela izithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ku-inkjet yakho, qiniseka ukuthi awuyikuyibeka ukuze uphrinte usebenzisa ama-inks amnyama (ukunyathelisa kwe-grayscale).
Lena yindlela enhle yokugcina inkinobho lapho uphrintela umbhalo, kodwa ngeke uvelise isithombe esihle sokuphrinta. Yingakho ...
Iphrinta evamile ine-one, mhlawumbe engu-2, i-cartridges yinkinki emnyama ne-cartridges embala engama-3 (ku-CMYK). Ikhompiyutha idlulisa idatha yesithombe ukuthi ifathelwe ngokusebenzisa lezo zinguquko ezingu-256 zombala.
Uma ngabe sithembele ku-cartridges yinkinki emnyama kuphela yokuphatha lolo hlu, imininingwane yesithombe yayizolahleka futhi ama-gradients ayengeke ashicilelwe ngendlela efanele. Awukwazi ukukhiqiza ama-variant angu-256 usebenzisa i-cartridge eyodwa.
Ngisho noma isithombe esimnyama nesimhlophe singabikho kombala, sisencike kulezi ziteshi zombala ezi-8-bit ezihle kakhulu ukuze zenze wonke amathoni ahlukahlukene, abamnyama, namhlophe.
Lokhu kuncike emigqeni yambala kubalulekile kunoma yikuphi umthwebuli wezithombe ukuqonda uma befuna isithombe sedijithali ngokubukeka kwesithombe esimnyama nesimhlophe esakhiwe ifilimu nephepha.