I-Complex Telecommunications Web
Amanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini aseba yinkimbinkimbi yezokuxhumana eminyakeni yamuva, ngokusakazwa kwamaselula, amaphilisi namanye amadivayisi eselula. Ubuchwepheshe obusa amandla amanethiwekhi aqhubeka nokuguquka nokuthuthuka kanye nemishini abathengi abasebenzisa ukuxhumana nabo.
IWeb ye Amaseli axhunyiwe
Amanethiwekhi weselula ayaziwa nangokuthi amanethiwekhi weselula. Zakhiwa "ngamaseli" axhumene komunye nomunye noma ukushintshwa kwefoni noma ukuhwebelana. Lawa maseli yizindawo zomhlaba ngokuvamile eziyi-hexagonal, okungenani zithutha i-transceiver eyodwa, futhi zisebenzisa ama-frequencies ahlukahlukene. Lawa ma-transceivers yiyona imibhoshongo yeselula eye yaba yinto evamile emhlabeni wethu oxhunyiwe ngekhompyutha. Baxhuma komunye nomunye ukunikela amaphakethe wezimpawu-idatha, izwi, kanye nombhalo-ekugcineni alethe lezi zimpawu kumadivayisi eselula ezifana namafoni namathebulethi abasebenza njengabalamukeli. Abanikezeli basebenzisa imibhoshongo yomunye nomunye ezindaweni eziningi, bakha i-web eyinkimbinkimbi enikeza ukusakazeka kwenethiwekhi kunabo bonke kubhalisile.
Frequencies
Izikhathi zamanethiwekhi weselula zingasetshenziswa ngabaningi ababhalisile kwinethiwekhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Amasayithi ombhoshongo weselula namadivayisi weselula asebenzisa ama-frequencies ukuze basebenzise ama-power transmitters aphansi ukuze anikeze izinsizakalo zabo ngokuphazanyiswa okungenani okungenzeka.
Abahlinzeki abakhulu beNethiwekhi ye-Mobile
Abanikezeli bezinsizakalo zamaselula e-US baningi, kusukela ezinkampanini ezincane, zesifunda kuya kubadlali abakhulu, abaziwa kakhulu ensimini yezokuxhumana. Lokhu kufaka i-Verizon Wireless, i-AT & T, T-Mobile, i-US Cellular, ne-Sprint.
Izinhlobo Zezinethiwekhi Zamaselula
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe beselula zisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi yeselula kubasebenzisi. Abahlinzeki bamasevisi amakhulu bahluka ngokuqondene nokuthi basebenzisa yini, ngakho-ke amadivaysi eselula awakhiwe ukuze asetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe be-carrier ehlosiwe. Amafoni we-GSM awasebenzi kumanethiwekhi e-CDMA, futhi ngokufanayo.
Amasistimu omsakazo asetshenziselwa kakhulu yi-GSM (Global System for Communication Mobile) kanye neCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Kusukela ngo-September 2017, i-Verizon, Sprint, ne-US Cellular ukusetshenziswa kwe-CDMA. I-AT & T, T-Mobile, nabanye abaningi abahlinzeki emhlabeni jikelele basebenzisa i-GSM, okwenza kube yilapho isetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula kakhulu. I-LTE (i-Long-Term Evolution) isekelwe ku-GSM futhi inikeza amandla okuxhumana nenethiwekhi enkulu.
Yikuphi Okungcono: Ama-GSM noma i-CDMA Mobile Networks?
Ukwamukelwa kwempawu, ikhwalithi yocingo, kanye nesivinini kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Indawo yomsebenzisi, umhlinzeki wesevisi, nemishini yonke idlala indima. I-GSM ne-CDMA azifani kakhulu nekhwalithi, kodwa indlela abasebenza ngayo.
Kusuka kumbono wabathengi, i-GSM ilula kakhulu ngoba ifoni ye-GSM ithwala yonke idatha yamakhasimende ekhadini le-SIM elikhishwayo; ukushintsha amafoni, ikhasimende lishintsha iSIM khadi efonini entsha ye-GSM, futhi lixhuma kunethiwekhi ye-GSM yomhlinzeki. Inethiwekhi ye-GSM kumele yamukele noma yiliphi ifoni ehambisana ne-GSM, ishiye abathengi inkululeko enkulu ngaphezu kokukhetha kwabo kwimishini.
Ama-CDMA amafoni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, awanakushintshwa kalula. Abathwali babhalisa abhalisile ngokusekelwe "kumhlophe," hhayi ama-SIM amakhadi, futhi amafoni avunyelwe kuphela avunyelwe kumanethiwekhi abo. Amanye amafoni we-CDMA anamakhadi we-SIM, kodwa lokhu ngenhloso yokuxhuma kumanethiwekhi e-LTE noma ukuguquguquka uma ifoni isetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-US GSM ayitholakali phakathi nawo-1990 lapho amanye amanethiwekhi eshintsha esuka ku-analog kuya ku-digital, ngakho-ke bavala i-CDMA ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana benethiwekhi yeselula.