Ngenkathi izithombe zithola uthando olukhulu uma zifika kumawebhusayithi, liyizwi elilotshiwe elibheka izinjini futhi liveza okuqukethwe kumasayithi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuklanywa kwe-typographic yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuklama iwebhusayithi. Ngokubaluleka kombhalo wesayithi kuza isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi kubukeka kuhle futhi kulula ukufunda. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-CSS (i-Cascading Style Sheets) yokubhala.
Ukulandela izinga elijwayelekile lokuklama iwebhu lewebhu, uma ufuna ukubiza ukubheka okuqukethwe kombhalo wewebhusayithi, uzokwenza kanjalo usebenzisa i-CSS. Lokhu kuhlukanisa isitayela se-CSS esakhiweni se-HTML sekhasi. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukusetha ifonti yekhasi ku- "Arial", ungenza kanjalo ngokufaka umtsetfo wesitayela olandelayo ku-CSS yakho (inothi - lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe kwiphepha lesitayela langaphandle le-CSS elinika amandla izitayela kuwo wonke ikhasi kwiwebhusayithi):
umzimba {ifonti-umndeni: i-Arial; }}Leli fayela lisethelwe "umzimba", ngakho-ke i-CSS ihlasele izosebenzisa isitayela kuzo zonke ezinye izakhi zekhasi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zonke ezinye izakhi ze-HTML zingumntwana wesici "somzimba," izitayela ze-CSS ezifana nomndeni wefonti noma umbala zizovela kumzali kuya kwisici somntwana. Lokhu kuzoba njalo ngaphandle uma isitayela esithile esicacisiwe sengeziwe ngezingxenye ezithile. Inkinga kuphela yale CSS yukuthi kuphela ifonti eyodwa ecacisiwe. Uma leyo fenethi ingatholakali ngesizathu esithile, isiphequluli sizofaka esinye esikhundleni sayo. Lokhu kubi ngoba awunakho ukulawula ukuthi iyiphi ifonti esetshenzisiwe - isiphequluli sizokukhetha, futhi ungase ungathandi lokho okwenziwe ukusebenzisa! Yilapho ukufakwa kwefonti kungena khona.
Umshini wefonti uhlu lwamafonti ememezelweni yomndeni we-CSS. Amafonti abhalwe ohlwini lokukhetha ukuthi ungathanda ukuba avele kusayithi uma kwenzeka inkinga efana nefonti ingalayishi. I-stack yefonti ivumela umklami ukulawula ukubukeka kwamafonti kukhasi lewebhu ngisho noma ikhompyutha ingenayo ifonti yokuqala owayibiza.
Ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwefonti kubheka kanjani? Nasi isibonelo:
umzimba {font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }}Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa okumelwe uzibone lapha.
Okokuqala, uzobona ukuthi sahlukanisa amagama wefonti ahlukene nge-comma. Phakathi komunye nomunye Ungangeza amafonti amaningi njengoba ungathanda, uma nje ehlukaniswa ngomahlaya. Isiphequluli sizozama ukulayisha ifoni yokuqala ecacisiwe kuqala. Uma lokho kwehluleka, kuzokwehla umugqa uzama ifonti ngayinye uze ithole enye engayisebenzisa. Kulesi sibonelo sisebenzisa amafonti aphephile ewebhu, futhi "i-Georgia" cishe izotholakala kumakhompi womuntu ovakashela isayithi (inothi - isiphequluli sibheka ikhompyutha yakho kumafonti ecacisiwe ekhasini, ngakho-ke isayithi lisho ikhompyutha efonti ukulayisha kusuka ohlelweni lwakho). Uma ngesizathu esithile lelo fenethi lingatholakali, lizokwehla phansi isitaki bese uzama ifonti elandelayo ecacisiwe.
Ngokwalolu hlobo lwefonti, qaphela ukuthi kubhaliwe kanjani emgqeni. Igama elithi "Times New Roman", lihlanganiswe ngamacaphuno amabili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igama lefonti linamagama amaningi. Noma yikuphi amafonti abiza ngamagama angaphezu kweyodwa (Trebuchet MS, Courier New, njll) kumele abe negama kumacaphuno amabili ukuze isiphequluli sazi ukuthi wonke lawo mazwi ayingxenye yegama elilodwa lefonti.
Okokugcina, sigcina isitaki sefonti nge "serif", okuyisigaba samafonti esijwayelekile. Esikhathini esingalindelekile ukuthi awekho amafonti owakhethiwe esitokisini sakho atholakalayo, isiphequluli sizokuthola nje ifonti okungenani ifakwe ohlwini olufanele olukhethile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa amafonti angenayo serif efana no-Arial no-Verdana, kunokuphela kwesiteji sefonti nokuhlukaniswa kwe-"sans-serif" kuzogcina okungenani ukugcina ifonti kulowo mndeni uma kunenkinga yokulayisha. Kuyavunywa, kufanele kube yinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi isiphequluli asikwazi ukuthola noma yikuphi amafonti abhalwe ohlwini futhi kufanele esikhundleni salolu hlobo lwama-generic, kungumkhuba omuhle ukuwufaka noma kunjalo ukuze uvikeleke kabili.
Ama-Font Stacks nama-Web Fonts
Amawebhusayithi amaningi namuhla asebenzisa amafonti ewebhu afakiwe kwisayithi kanye nezinye izinsiza (njengezithombe zesayithi, ifayela le-Javascript, njll) noma axhunywe endaweni yendawo yefonti njengamafonti we-Google noma i-Typekit. Ngenkathi la mafonti kufanele alayishwe kusukela uxhuma kumafayela ngokwawo, usafuna ukusebenzisa ipaki yamaphoyisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unolwazi oluthile kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame. Okufanayo kuya "amafayili ewebhu ephephile" okufanele abe kumakhompyutha womuntu (phawula ukuthi amafonti esiwasebenzise njengezibonelo kulesi sihloko, kuhlanganise no-Arial, Verdana, Georgia, ne-Times New Roman, wonke amafonti ephephile ewebhu okufanele abe kumakhompi womuntu). Ngisho noma kungenzeka ukuthi ifonti ayitholakali iphansi kakhulu, ukucacisa ukufakwa kwefonti kuzokusiza ukufakaza ngokucacile ukuklamiza kwendawo yesitayela ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isihloko sokuqala sikaJennifer Krynin. Ihlelwe nguJeremy Girard ngo-8 / 9/17