Ukupaka Okufanayo Akukaze Kube Kulula
Kunezinhlelo zokupaka okuzenzakalelayo, futhi zenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi embalwa efanayo. Ezinye izinhlelo zokupaka ezizenzekelayo zinikeza ukupaka okungahambisani nezandla, kanti abanye bavele banikeze usizo oluwusizo. Leli gama libizwa ngokuthi "usizo oluphambene nokupaka" noma "ukupaka ukupaka," kanti leyo yangaphambili iyindlela yokupaka ehambisanayo yokupaka. Igama elifanayo "ukupaka okuzenzakalelayo" ngokuvamile libhekisela ezakhiweni ezisebenzisa imishini yama-robotic ukugcina izimoto ngaphandle kokungenela kwabantu.
Umlando Wokupaka Okuzenzakalelayo
Ukupaka okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo kutholakale kuphela cishe iminyaka eyishumi, kodwa umqondo ukhulu kakhulu kunalokho. Enye yezinhlelo zokupaka zokuqala eziphambene nayo yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, futhi yasebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunezixazululo zesimanje. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala babandakanya ama-tractor amane ahlanganiswe nama-jacks anikwe amandla. Lapho izigqoko zanciphisa, imoto yayingasuswa kumavili ayo. Uma selixhaswe ngamagumbi okudonsa, ukukhishwa kwamandla okusuka ekudluliseni kuzovumela izingxenye zogandaganda ukuba zilayishe imoto endaweni.
Lo mbono awuzange uqede ngempela, kodwa umqondo wokwenza ukupaka okufanayo kufakwe kalula phakathi nawo-1990. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlelo zokuzenzekelayo ze-robotic zase zithuthuke kakhulu lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba ikhompiyutha iphakamise kakhulu imisebenzi elula njengokupaka okufanayo. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, izinhlelo zokuqala zokupaka ezihambisana nekhompiyutha zazihlolwe ngempumelelo.
I-Toyota yayiyi-OEM yokuqala yokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe ku-Prius yayo ka-2003, kodwa iningi lokwenza kanye namamodeli manje linikeza uhlobo oluthile lwesistimu yokusiza ikhompyutha noma elawulwayo.
Isebenza kanjani ngokupaka ngokuzenzakalelayo yokupaka izimoto?
Izinhlelo zokupaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ezihamba ngokuzenzakalelayo zisebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ukucacisa ubukhulu besilinganiso phakathi kwezimoto ezimbili ezipakiwe, bese ikhompyutha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ibala ama-angles ahambayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuhamba ngokuphepha endaweni yokupaka. Ezinhlelo ezizenzekelayo, ikhompyutha ingakwazi ukulawula izinhlelo ze- drive-by-wire ngokuncane noma okungenayo okuvela kumshayeli. Kodwa-ke, kunamacala ambalwa lapho umshayeli angadingeka khona ukulawula.
Amasistimu okupaka okuhamba phambili okuzenzakalelayo ayenenkinga yokusebenza ezindaweni eziqinile. Ngisho noma umshayeli onamakhono angakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphepha endaweni, ukwenza izinhlelo ezithile zakudala, ngaphansi kwalezo zimo, kuzoholela ekuxwayisweni kokuphepha. Izindlela zakuqala nazo zaba nobunzima ekuqaphele ukuba khona kwezintambo ezingenasisekelo ezifana nabahamba ngezinyawo nezilwane.
Izinhlelo zokupaka ngokuzenzekelayo ziye zathuthuka kusukela ubuchwepheshe buvele kuqala, futhi abanye babo bayakwazi ukubona ukutholakala kwemigqa yemigqa kanye nezinto ezingezansi. Ezinye izinhlelo zokupaka ezizenzakalelayo nazo zikwazi ukusekela ezindaweni zokupaka zendabuko ngaphezu kokupaka okufanayo. Lezo zinhlelo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo, njengoba inhlanganisela yamenenja ivumela ikhompyutha ukuthi ibone ama-angle angama-steering and velocities ukupaka ngokuphambene phakathi kwezinye izimoto ezimbili.
Ukutholakala kokupaka okuzenzakalelayo
Uhlelo lokuqala lokupaka othomathikhi lunikezwa ngo-2003 Toyota Prius, kodwa aluzange luvele e-United States kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-2006 Lexus. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iToyota ibuye yanezela kumafomethi we-Prius athengiswa e-United States naseYurophu. I-Ford ne-BMW baye bafaka izinhlelo zabo zokupaka ezizenzekelayo, kanti i-Ford's Active Park Assist nayo iyatholakala ngebheji yayo yaseLincoln.
Ngaphezu kokupaka ngokuzenzekelayo, amanye ama-automakers asethe ubuchwepheshe obuhloselwe ukusiza abashayeli ukuba bangene ezindaweni eziqinile. Uhlelo lweMercedes Parktronic luyisibonelo esisodwa esisebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonar ukunquma ukuthi imoto izokwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nezikhala eziseduze. Yize kungenakukwazi ukulawula ukuhamba nokuhamba njengezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, kunganikeza umshayeli ngemilayezo ewusizo.