I-Drive-by-wire iyi-catch-yonke term engabhekisela eziningana izinhlelo electronic ezithatha noma ngaphezulu noma esikhundleni ngokuphelele zendabuko zokulawula mechanical. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izintambo, ukucindezela kwamanzi, nezinye izindlela zokunikeza umshayeli ngokuqondile, ukulawula ngokomzimba ngesivinini noma ekuqondiseni imoto, ubuchwepheshe be-drive-by-wire isebenzisa ukulawula kwe-elektroniki ukuze kusebenze amabhuleki, ukulawula ukuqondisa, nokusebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo.
Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokulawulwa kwemoto ezivame ukushintshwa ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi: i-throttle, amabhuleki, nokuqondisa. Uma kufakwe esikhundleni sezinye izindlela ze-x-by-wire, lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi:
I-Electronic Throttle Control
Ifomu ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-x-by-wire ubuchwepheshe futhi okulula ukuthola endle ukulawulwa kwe-electronic throttle. Ngokungafani nokulawula kwendabuko yokugubha okugudluza i-gazi emgodini ngekhebula elenziwe ngamashini, lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinzwa ze-electronic kanye nama-actuator.
Izimoto ezinokulawulwa kwephethilethi yekhompyutha ziye zasebenzisa izinzwa zokuphuza amashumi eminyaka. Lezi zinzwa ngokuyisisekelo zivele zitshele ikhompyutha ukuthi isimo se-throttle. I-throttle ngokwayo isasebenza ngekhebula langokomzimba. Ezimotweni ezisebenzisa ukulawula kwe-electronic throttle (ETC), akukho ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi kwe-gas pedal kanye ne-throttle. Esikhundleni salokho, i-gas pedal ithumela isibonakaliso esibangela i-actuator ye-electromechanical ukuvula i-throttle.
Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala njengendlela ephephile kakhulu yokushayela nge-wire-by-wire, njengoba kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesistimu ngokuklanywa kokuphepha okungekho emthethweni. Ngendlela efanayo lapho i-throttle izovala khona uma i-mechanical throttle cable brake ne-imoto izokwehlisa ngokwemvelo futhi imise, izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwe-electronic throttle zingakhiwa ukuze i-throttle ivale uma ingasatholi isignali kusuka kwenzeni ye-pedal .
I-Brake-By-Wire Technologies
Ubuchwepheshe be-Brake-by-wire buvame ukubonakala buyingozi ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwe-electronic throttle ngoba kuhilela ukukhipha ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi komshayeli namabhuleki. Kodwa-ke, i-brake-by-wire empeleni iyinkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe obuvela ku-electro-hydraulic kuya kwe-electromechanical, futhi zombili zingakhiwa nge-fail-ephees engqondweni.
Amabhuleki ajwayelekile ajwayelekile asebenzisa i-master cylinder kanye nezinsimbi eziningana zezigqila. Lapho umshayeli edonsa phansi nge-pedal, usebenza ngokucindezelayo ku-cylinder. Ezimweni eziningi, leyo ngcindezi ikhuliswa yi-booster noma i-hydraulic booake booster. Ingcindezi isuke idluliselwa ngezingqimba zomgwaqo kuya kubaniki bama-brake noma amasondo esondo.
Ama-anti-lock brake systems ayengama-precursors asheshe amageyimu we-brake-by-wire yanamuhla, ngoba avumela ukuthi amabhuleki emoto ahanjiswe ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokufaka umshayeli. Lokhu kufezwa yi-actuator ye-elekthronikhi evuselela amabhisikidi asebenzayo, kanti nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe zokuphepha zakhiwe ngalezi zisekelo. Ukulawula ukuzinza kwe-elekthronikhi , ukulawulwa kwe- traction , kanye nezinhlelo zokuzenzekelayo ze- othomathikhi zonke kuxhomeke ku-ABS futhi zihlobene ngokuzenzakalelayo nobuchwepheshe be-brake-by-wire.
Ezitokisini ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-brake-by-wire bokusetshenziswa kwe-electro-hydraulic, abaqaphi abasesigodini ngasinye basasebenza ngokusebenza ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, azihlanganisi ngokuqondile nomshini womshini onamandla osebenzayo ngokuqhubezela emgqeni wokuwasha. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuqhubezela nge-pedal ye-brake kuvula inzwa noma uchungechunge lwezinzwa. Iyunithi yokulawula isinquma ukuthi ingakanani amandla okugwedla okudingekayo esiteshini ngasinye futhi ivuselela abaqaphi bamanzi okudingekayo njengoba kudingeka.
Ezingxenyeni zama-brake electromechanical, akukho nhlobo ye-hydraulic component. Lezi zinhlelo zangempela zokushayela-nge-wire zisasebenzisa izinzwa ukucacisa ukuthi kungakanani amandla okugaya okudingekayo, kodwa amandla angadluliselwa nge-hydraulics. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-actuator ase-electromechanical asetshenziselwa ukucupha amabhuleki asesigabeni ngasinye.
I-Steer-By-Wire Technologies
Izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa i-rack kanye ne-pinion unit noma imbungu kanye nomkhakha wokuqondisa umshini ohlanganiswe ngokomzimba esikebheni. Lapho isondo lijikeleza, i-rack ne-pinion unit noma ibhokisi lokuqondisa libuyele. I-rack ne-pinion unit ingasebenzisa i-torque kumajoyini ebhola ngamathanga, futhi ibhokisi lokuqondisa lizohambisa ukuxhumanisa ngokuqondisa ngezingalo ze-pitman.
Ezimotweni ezihlonyelwe ubuchwepheshe bokuhamba nge-wire, akukho ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi kwesondo nokushayela. Eqinisweni, ama-steer-by-wire izinhlelo azidingeki ukuthi basebenzise amasondo okuhamba nhlobo. Lapho kusetshenziswa isondo lokushayela, uhlobo oluthile lokuhamba luzwa umululisi ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa ukunikeza umshayeli impendulo.
Yimaphi Imoto Okwamanje Inayo I-Drive-By-Wire Technology?
Awekho izimoto zokukhiqiza ngokugcwele nge-drive-by-wire, kodwa iningi labakhiqizi bakhele izimoto zomqondo ezihambisana nencazelo. I-General Motors ibonise uhlelo lwe-drive-by-wire ngo-2003 nomqondo wayo we-Hy-Wire, futhi nomqondo we-Mazda sikaRyuga nawo wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngo-2007. I-Drive-by-wire ingatholakala kwimishini efana namatrakta namashikashiki, kodwa ngisho nezimoto namaloli okufaka ukuqondisa kwamandla kagesi kusekhona ukuxhumana kokuqondisa ngokomzimba.
Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi ukuqhuma kakhulu kakhulu, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zokwenza nezithombe zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. I-Brake-by-wire ingatholakala kumamodeli wokukhiqiza, futhi izibonelo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe yi-Sensotronic yeToyota ye-Electronic Controlled Brake ne-Mercedes Benz.
Ukuhlola ikusasa leDrayivu-nge-Wire
Ukukhathazeka kokuphepha kuye kwancipha ukwemukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-drive-by-wire. Izinqubo zamashini zingakwazi futhi zihluleke, kodwa iziphathimandla zokulawula ziyabona njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi. Izinhlelo zokushayela nge-wire nazo ziyabiza ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwemishini ngenxa yokuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Nokho, ikusasa lokushayela nge-wire lingaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezintandokazi eziningana. Ukukhishwa kwezilawuli zomshini kungavumela abakwa-automakers ukuba bakhethe izimoto ezihluke kakhulu ezimotweni namaloli asendleleni namuhla. Imoto yezimoto njenge-Hy-Wire iye yavumela ngisho nokuhlelwa kokuhlelwa kokuhlala okuzungezile ngoba akukho ukulawulwa kwemishini okumisela isikhundla somshayeli.
Ubuchwepheshe beDrayivu-nge-wire bungabuye buhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bezimoto obungenazimo, okuzovumela izimoto ukuba ziqhutshwe kude noma ngekhompyutha. Imiklamo yamanje yemoto engaqhubeki isebenzisa ama-actuator ama-electromechanical ukulawula ukujikeleza, ukuqhuma, nokusheshisa, okungahle kube lula ngokuxhumeka ngqo kwezobuchwepheshe be-drive-by-wire.