I-Hash Function Definition ye-Cryptographic
Umsebenzi we-cryptographic hash wuhlobo lwe-algorithm engasebenza kucezu yedatha, njengefayela elilodwa noma iphasiwedi, ukukhiqiza inani elibizwa ngokuthi i-checksum.
Ukusebenzisa okuyinhloko umsebenzi we-cryptographic hash ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso besici sedatha. Amafayela amabili angaqiniseka ukuthi afana kuphela uma ama-checksum akhiqizwa kusuka kufayela ngalinye, esebenzisa umsebenzi ofanayo we-cryptographic hash, afana.
Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-cryptographic hash zifaka phakathi i- MD5 ne- SHA-1 , nakuba ezinye eziningi zikhona.
Qaphela: Imisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash ivame ukubizwa nje ngokuthi imisebenzi ye- hash emfushane, kodwa lokho akuyona into efanele. Umsebenzi we-hash yigama elivamile elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi ye-hasptographic hash kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-algorithms ezinjengokuhlolwa kwe-cyclic redundancy.
Imisebenzi yeHash ye-Cryptographic: A Case Use
Ake sithi ulande inguqulo yakamuva yesiphequluli se-Firefox . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani, udinga ukulanda kusuka kusayithi ngaphandle kwe-Mozilla. Ukungabanjwe esiteshini oye wafunda ukumethemba, ungathanda ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela lokufaka olulanda nje liyizinto ezifanayo ezihlinzekwa nguMozilla.
Ukusebenzisa i- checksum calculator , uhlola i-checksum usebenzisa umsebenzi othile we-cryptographic hash (tshela i-SHA-2) bese uqhathanisa nalowo oshicilelwe kusayithi le-Mozilla.
Uma zilingana, khona-ke ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukulanda onakho yilo Mozilla oluhlose ukuba ube nalo.
Bheka Yini I-Checksum? ukuze uthole okunye kulezi zibalo ezikhethekile, kanye nezinye izibonelo ekusebenziseni amasheke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela oyilanda ngempela yilokho owakulindele ukuba abe khona.
Ingabe Imisebenzi Ye-Hash Cryptographic ingaguqulwa?
Imisebenzi ye-Cryptographic hash yaklanyelwe ukuvimbela ikhono lokuguqula amasheke abuyele emuva emibhalweni yokuqala.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuguqula, akusho ukuthi bangama-100% okuqinisekisiwe ukulondoloza idatha.
Into ebizwa ngokuthi ithebula le- rainbow ingasetshenziselwa ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuphikiswa kwe-checksum. Amatafula we-Rainbow ngokuyinhloko izichazamazwi ezichaza izinkulungwane, izigidi, noma izigidigidi zalezi zindawo eceleni kwesibalo sabo sokuphikisa.
Ngenkathi lokhu kungekuhle ukuguqula i -algorithm ye-cryptographic hash, kungase kube njalo ngoba kulula ukwenza. Eqinisweni, njengoba kungekho ithebula lezintambo lingabhala zonke izilinganiso ezikhona, zivame ukuba "eziwusizo" emishinini elula ... njengamaphasiwedi abuthakathaka.
Nansi inguqulo elula yetafula le-rainbow ukukhombisa ukuthi umuntu uzosebenza kanjani uma usebenzisa umsebenzi we-hasha we-SHA-1 cryptographic hash:
| Izikhalazo | I-SHA-1 Checksum |
| 12345 | 8cb2237d0679ca88db6464eac60da96345513964 |
| iphasiwedi1 | e38ad214943daad1d64c102faec29de4afe9da3d |
| ilovemydog | a25fb3505406c9ac761c8428692fbf5d5ddf1316 |
| Jenny400 | 7d5eb0173008fe55275d12e9629eef8bdb408c1f |
| dallas1984 | c1ebe6d80f4c7c087ad29d2c0dc3e059fc919da2 |
Ukuze lezi zimiso zibonwe ngokusebenzisa i-checksum, kuzodinga ukuthi umqaphi aqonde ukuthi iyiphi i-algorithm yokubhala i-cryptographic esetshenziselwa ukuyikhiqiza.
Ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okungeziwe, amanye amawebhusayithi agcina amaphasiwedi womsebenzisi enze imisebenzi eyengeziwe ku-algorithm ye-cryptographic hash ngemuva kokuthi inani likhiqizwe kodwa lingakagcinwa.
Lokhu kukhiqiza inani elisha kuphela ukuthi iseva yewebhu iqonda futhi ayifani ncamashi ne-checksum yasekuqaleni.
Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuba iphasiwedi ingenwe futhi i-checksum ikhiqizwa, ingahle ihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye eziningana futhi ihlelwe kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi igcinwe ku-database yephasiwedi, noma izinhlamvu ezithile zingase zishintshwe nabanye. Uma umsebenzisi ezama ukufakazela isikhathi esilandelayo lapho bengena ngemvume, lo msebenzi ongeziwe uzobe ushintshwe yi-server yewebhu futhi i-checksum yasekuqaleni yenziwe futhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ivumelekile.
Ukwenza lokhu kusiza ukukhawulela ukuhleka kokuhlelwa lapho wonke ama-checksumbibiwe khona.
Futhi, lo mbono lapha ukwenza umsebenzi ongaziwa ukuze uma umqaphi ekwazi i-algorithm ye-cryptographic hashi kodwa hhayi lokhu okwezifiso, khona-ke ukwazi ukuthi ama-checksum wephasiwedi ayinandaba.
Amaphasiwedi nemisebenzi ye-Hash Cryptographic
Ngokufana netafula le-rainbow yindlela i-database egcina ngayo amaphasiwedi womsebenzisi. Uma iphasiwedi yakho ingenisiwe, i-checksum ikhiqizwa futhi iqhathaniswa nalowo orekhodiwe ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi. Usuke unikezwe ukufinyelela uma lezi zombili zifana.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi umsebenzi we-cryptographic hash uveza isheke esingaguquki, ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi ungenza iphasiwedi yakho ibe lula njenge- 12345 , esikhundleni se- 12 @ 34 $ 5 , ngoba nje amasheke ngokwabo awakwazi ukuqonda? It nakanjani ayikho , futhi yingakho ...
Njengoba ubona, lawa maphasiwedi amabili akwazi ukucacisa nje ngokubuka nje ku-checksum:
I-MD5 ye-12345: 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b
MD5 ye-12 @ 34 $ 5: a4d3cc004f487b18b2ccd4853053818b
Ngakho, lapho uqala ukucabanga ungase ucabange ukuthi kuhle ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi yalezi zephasiwedi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela uma umhlaseli ezama ukuhlola iphasiwedi yakho ngokuqagela i-checksum ye-MD5 (okungekho muntu oyenzayo), kodwa akuyiqiniso uma kuqhutshwa amandla okuhlukumezeka noma isichazamazwi (okuyinto indlela evamile).
Ukuhlaselwa kwamandla okuhlukumeza lapho kutholakala khona ukugwaza okungahleliwe ngokuqagela iphasiwedi. Kulesi simo, kungaba lula kakhulu ukuqagela "12345," kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuthola okunye. Ukuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi kufana nokuthi umhlaseli angazama wonke amagama, inombolo, noma ibinzana ohlwini lwamagama aphasiwedi avamile (futhi ajwayelekile) asetshenziselwa, "12345" nakanjani ozohlolwa.
Ngakho-ke, yize noma imisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash ikhiqiza kunzima ukuhlola okungeke kwenzeke-ukuqagela, kufanele usasebenzise iphasiwedi eyinkimbinkimbi kuzo zonke ama-akhawunti wakho we-intanethi nakwasekhaya.
Ithiphu: Bheka Izibonelo Zamaphasiwedi Ahlulekayo Namandla Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ngabe i-yours ithathwa njengephasiwedi eqinile.
Ulwazi olungaphezulu ngemisebenzi ye-Hash Cryptographic
Kungase kubonakale sengathi imisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash ihlobene nokubethela kepha lezi zombili zisebenza ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu.
Ukubethela kuyinkqubo emibili lapho kukhona okubethelwe khona ukuze kungafundiwe, kepha emva kwalokho kubanjwe kabusha ukuze isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile. Ungase ubhale phansi amafayela owawugcine ukuze wonke umuntu owazifinyelela angeke akwazi ukuyisebenzisa, noma ungasebenzisa ukufakela ukufakela ifayela ukubethela amafayela ahamba ngenethiwekhi, njengaleyo olayisheyo noma oyilanda ku-intanethi.
Njengokuchazwe ngenhla, imisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash isebenza ngokuhlukile ngokuthi amasheke awahlosiwe ukuguqulwa ngephasiwedi ekhethekile yokukhipha i-password njengendlela amafayili abhaliwe afundwa ngayo ngephasiwedi ekhethekile yokumisa kabusha. Inhloso kuphela i-cryptographic hash imisebenzi isebenza ukuqhathanisa izingcezu ezimbili zedatha, njengalapho ulanda amafayela, ukugcina amaphasiwedi, ukudonsa idatha kusuka ku-database, njll.
Kungenzeka umsebenzi we-cryptographic hash ukukhiqiza i-checksum efanayo yezingcezu zedatha ezahlukene. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ngokucabangela iphuzu lonke le-hasptographic hash umsebenzi ukwenza amasheke ahlukile ngokuphelele kuwo wonke idatha afakwe kuwo.
Izizathu zokushayisana kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi ngamunye we-cryptographic hash uveza inani lobude obuhleliwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona idatha yokufaka. Isibonelo, umsebenzi we- MDP we- cryptographic hash udala u- 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b, 1f633b2909b9c1addf32302c7a497983 , kanye no -10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e ngamabhuloki amathathu ahlukene ngokuphelele kwedatha.
I-checksum yokuqala ivela ngo- 12345 , eyesibili yenzelwe izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-700 nezinombolo, kanti okwesithathu kuvela ku- 123456 . Zonke izimpendulo ezintathu zinezilinganiso ezahlukene kodwa imiphumela ihlale nje yizinhlamvu ezingu-32 kusukela ku-MD5 isetshenzisiwe.
Njengoba ubona, cishe akukho mkhawulo kunani lamasheke angase adalwe kusukela ushintsho oluthile oluthile lokufakwayo ludinga ukukhiqiza i-checksum ehluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngoba kunomkhawulo wamanani okuhlola okukodwa umsebenzi wokusebenza we-cryptographic hash ungaveza, kukhona njalo kungenzeka ukuthi uzohlangana nokushayisana.
Yingakho ezinye imisebenzi ze-hasptographic hash zenziwe. Ngenkathi i-MD5 ikhiqiza inani lezinhlamvu ezingu-32, i-SHA-1 ikhiqiza izinhlamvu ezingu-40 futhi i-SHA-2 (512) ikhiqiza u-128. Inombolo enkulu yezinhlamvu ukuthi i-checksum inakho, cishe ukuthi ukushayisana kuzokwenzeka ngoba inikeza igumbi elingaphezulu amanani ayingqayizivele.