Futhi Kungani Kuyisenzo Esikhulu?
'Idatha enkulu' yisayensi entsha yokuqonda nokubikezela ukuziphatha komuntu ngokutadisha imiqulu emikhulu yedatha engakhiwe. Idatha enkulu ibizwa nangokuthi 'ama-analytics predictive'.
Ukuhlaziya okuthunyelwe kwe-Twitter, ukuphakela kwe-Facebook, ukuseshwa kwe-eBay, abathrekhi be-GPS, nemishini ye-ATM kukhona ezinye izibonelo ezinkulu zedatha. Ukufunda amavidiyo wokuphepha, idatha yezimoto, amaphethini wezulu, ukufika kwezindiza, izingodo zomakhalekhukhwini, kanye nezithandani zenhliziyo zenye izinhlobo. Idatha enkulu iyisayensi entsha emisha eguqukayo masonto onke, futhi ochwepheshe abambalwa kuphela bayayiqonda konke.
Yiziphi Ezinye Izibonelo Zezinguquko Ezinkulu Ekuphileni Okuvamile?
Ngenkathi amaphrojekthi amaningi edatha yedatha elula kakhulu, kunezibonelo eziphumelelayo zedatha enkulu ethinta impilo yansuku zonke yabantu, izinkampani, nohulumeni:
Ukuguqulwa kwegciwane ukubikezela: ngokutadisha idatha yezenhlalo nezombangazwe, isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, kanye nedatha yesibhedlela / imitholampilo, laba ososayensi manje sebebikezela ukuqhuma komkhuhlane we-dengue nge-4 amasonto angaphambili kusaziso.
Ukubuka Ukuzibulala: Lezi zinkulu zamaphrofayli amaphrojekthi okubulala amaphutha, abasolwa, nezigebengu eWashington, DC. Kokubili njengendlela yokuhlonipha oshonile futhi njengensiza yokuqwashisa kubantu, le phrojekthi enkulu yedatha iyamangalisa.
Ukuhlelwa Kokuhamba Kwezokuthutha, i-NYC: Umhleli we-WNYC womsakazo uSteve Melendez uhlangene nesimiso somgwaqo esiteshini se-inthanethi ngesofthiwe yezokuvakasha. Indalo yakhe ivumela abantu baseNew York ukuthi bachofoze indawo yabo emephini, futhi ukubikezelwa kwesikhathi sokuhamba kwezitimela nomgwaqo ongaphansi komgwaqo kuzovela.
I-Xerox inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwabasebenzi: umsebenzi wesikhungo sezingcingo kunzima kakhulu ngokomzwelo. U-Xerox ufunde iminyango yedatha ngosizo lwabahlaziyi bezobuchwepheshe, futhi manje bangakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi yiziphi izisebenzi zokuqashwa kwamakholi kungenzeka ukuthi zihlale nenkampani ende kunazo zonke.
Ukusekela ukuphikisana nobuphekula: ngokutadisha imithombo yezokuxhumana, amarekhodi wezezimali, ukubhuka kwezindiza, kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha, ukulandelwa kwemithetho kungakwazi ukubikezela nokuthola abesabeki ngaphambi kokuba benze izenzo zabo ezimbi.
Ukulungisa ukumaketha komkhiqizo ngokusekelwe kokubuyekezwa kwezokuxhumana komphakathi : abantu ngokucacile futhi ngokushesha babelane ngemicabango yabo ye-intanethi embukheni, e-restaurant, noma kwiqembu lezempilo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde lezi zigidi zokuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana kanye nokunikeza impendulo kwenkampani ngalokho abantu abakucabangayo ngamasevisi abo.
Ubani Osebenzisa Imininingwane Ebalulekile? Benzani Nawo?
Izinkampani eziningi ze-monolithic zisebenzisa idatha enkulu ukulungisa iminikelo yabo namanani ukuze kwandiswe ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
- Isitolo seminyango yakwaMacy , isibonelo, isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukulungisa amanani abo ngendiza yemikhiqizo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-70. Bathumela ngisho nama-imeyili afaneleke kumakhasimende abo ngokususelwa kulokho Macy akholelwa ukuthi banesithakazelo.
- Ukuphendula kwamaphoyisa eBomber Marathon ukuqhuma kwamabhomu : ngokusebenzisa idatha enkulu yokutadisha ividiyo nezithombe zokubhekwa, amaphoyisa akwazi ukusula ngokushesha ukusesha kwabo abasolwa.
- I-Morton's Steakhouse isebenzisa i-Twitter ukuze isuse iziteleka zokumaketha, kufaka phakathi ukuhanjiswa kwezindiza edumile yaseNew Jersey kwendawo yokugudla iminyango ye-porterhouse kanye ne-shrimp dinner.
- I-Visa isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukukhomba nokubamba izinkohliso. Ukuthengiswa okukodwa lapha futhi kungabonakalisa kalula umsebenzisi wekhadi lesikweletu, kodwa ngokubuka izigidi zokuthengiselana ngokucophelela, amaphethini okukhwabanisa angatholakala.
- I-Facebook isebenzisa idatha enkulu ukuhlela ukukhangisa . Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela imikhuba yakho yokuthanda nokuphequlula kwe-FB, i-giant media giant inokuqonda okunzulu kokuthandayo. Lezi zikhangiso ezingaseceleni ozibonayo ku-feed yakho ye-Facebook zikhethwe ngamasu okuzibophezela kakhulu nezinkimbinkimbi ezibukele imikhuba yakho ye-Facebook.
Kungani Idatha Enkulu Njengokwenza Okukhulu?
Izinto ezingu-4 zenza idatha enkulu ibalulekile:
1. Idatha inkulu. Ngeke ifinyelele ku -hard drive eyodwa , okungenani incuku ye- USB . Umthamo wedatha ude kakhulu kunalokho ingqondo yomuntu engayibona (cabanga ngamamigabhayte ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane, bese uyandisa ngamabhiliyoni amaningi).
2. Idatha iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayiklanyelwe. 50% kuya ku-80% yomsebenzi omkhulu wedatha uguqula futhi uhlanza ulwazi ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kuhlungwe. Ochwepheshe abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela emhlabeni wethu bazi ngokugcwele ukwenza lokhu kuhlanzwa kwedatha. Laba ochwepheshe nabo badinga amathuluzi akhethekile kakhulu, njengeHPE noHadoop, ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Mhlawumbe eminyakeni eyishumi, ochwepheshe be-data enkulu bazoba yi-daime eziyishumi nambili, kodwa okwamanje, yizinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zomhlaziyi futhi umsebenzi wabo usalokhu ufihlekile futhi uyadambisa.
3. Idatha ibe yintengo ** engathengiswa futhi ithengwe. Izindawo zokuhweba zedatha zikhona lapho izinkampani kanye nabantu ngabanye bangathenga khona ama-terabytes emithombo yezokuxhumana kanye neminye imininingwane. Iningi lemininingwane i-cloud based based, njengoba inkulu kakhulu ukuba ifinyelele kunoma iyiphi i-disk eyodwa kanzima. Ukuthenga idatha kuvame ukufaka imali yokubhaliselwa lapho ufaka khona epulazini lesiphakeli sefu.
** Abaholi bamathuluzi amakhulu nemininingwane yi-Amazon, iGoogle, i-Facebook, ne-Yahoo. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinkampani zikhonza izigidi eziningi zabantu ngezinsizakalo zabo ze-intanethi, kunengqondo ukuthi kuzoba iphuzu lokuqoqa kanye nabamabonisi ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu.
4. Amathuba wemininingwane enkulu ayinakuphela. Mhlawumbe odokotela ngolunye usuku bayokwenqabela ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kanye nemivimbo yamasonto abantu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Izindiza kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezimoto kungancishiswa ngokuhlaziywa kokubikezela kwedatha yabo yemishini kanye namaphethini wesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu. Ukuphola ku-intanethi kungase kuthuthukiswe ngokuba nokuqaphelisa okukhulu kwedatha kubani abalingani abahambisanayo kuwe. Abaculi bangase baqonde ukuthi yikuphi ukwakheka komculo okujabulisa kakhulu ekuthandeni okuthandayo kwababukeli. Izakhamuzi zingase zikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kokudla okuthengwe ngesitolo kuzokwenza ngcono noma kusize izimo zempilo zomuntu. Ubuso buye bukhawulwa kuphela, futhi okutholakala kwedatha enkulu kwenzeka njalo ngesonto.
Idatha enkulu i-Messy
Idatha enkulu yi-analytics yokubikezela: ukuguqulwa kwemininingwane engakahleleki engenakulinganiswa futhi ehlelekile. Lesi isikhala esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiyingozi esidinga uhlobo olukhethekile lolwazi nesineke.
Thatha isibonelo isibonelo sevisi ye-UPS yokulethwa kwe-monolithic. Abahleli ku-data ye-UPS yokutadisha kusuka ku-GPS yabo yamashayeli kanye nama-Smartphones ukuhlaziya izindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zokuvumelanisa nokuxubana komgwaqo. Le data ye-GPS neye-smartphone i-gargantuan, futhi ayilungele ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlaziywa. Le datha ixhuma kusuka kulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwe-GPS nolwazi lwemephu, ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi e-hardware ehlukene we-smartphone. Abahlaziyi be-UPS bachithe izinyanga beguqula yonke leyo datha ibe ifomethi engasetshenzwa futhi ihlelwe kalula. Umzamo uwufanelekile, noma kunjalo. Namuhla, i-UPS igcine ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingu-8 zamalitha kagesi kusukela beqala ukusebenzisa lezi zibalo ezinkulu ze-data.
Ngenxa yokuthi idatha enkulu ihlambalaza futhi idinga umzamo omkhulu wokuhlanzeka nokulungiselela ukusetshenziswa, ososayensi be-data baye baqanjwa ngokuthi 'izakhamuzi zedatha' yazo yonke imisebenzi ewusizo abayenzayo. A
Isayensi yedatha enkulu kanye ne-analytical predictive iyathuthuka njalo ngesonto. Lindela idatha enkulu ukuze kufinyeleleke kalula kuwo wonke umuntu ngonyaka ka-2025.
Ingabe Idatha Ye-Big Akuyona Insalela Engathandeki Kuyimfihlo?
Yebo, uma imithetho yethu kanye nokuzivikela komuntu ngamunye kungaphethwe ngokucophelela, khona-ke idatha enkulu ingena ebucayini bomuntu siqu. Njengoba imile, i- Google ne-YouTube ne-Facebook sebevele belandelela imikhuba yakho ye-inthanethi yansuku zonke . I-smartphone yakho kanye nokuphila kwekhompuyutha kushiya izinyathelo zedijithali nsuku zonke, nezinkampani ezinkimbinkimbi zifunda lezo zinyathelo.
Imithetho emayelana nedatha enkulu iyashintsha. Ubumfihlo buyimimoya yokuthi kufanele manje uthathe umthwalo wemfanelo, ngoba awukwazi ukulindela njengento efanelekile.
Yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo bakho:
Isinyathelo esisodwa esikhulu ongayithatha ukugqoka imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke usebenzisa uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ye-VPN . Insizakalo ye-VPN izokhipha isignali yakho ukuze ubunikazi bakho kanye nendawo yakho igcinwe ngokucacile kusuka kubathrekhi. Lokhu ngeke kwenze ukuthi u-100% angaziwa, kodwa i-VPN izokwehlisa kakhulu ukuthi umhlaba ungabheka kanjani imikhuba yakho e-intanethi.
Ngingafundaphi Kakhulu Ngolwazi Olukhulu?
Idatha enkulu into ethakazelisayo kubantu abanengqondo yokuhlaziya kanye nothando lwe-tech. Uma kunguwe, khona-ke uvakashele leli khasi lemisebenzi emikhulu yedatha.