Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela ekudaleni i-podcast / izindabacast , ukurekhoda umculo, noma ukujabulisa ubusuku be-karaoke ekhaya , umakrofoni onokwethenjelwa udlala indima ebalulekile. Nakuba ama-microphones amaningi anamathele kwifomu ejwayelekile - kufana nokuphatha i-flashlight, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuphela kwebhizinisi kurekhoda umsindo esikhundleni sokukhanyisa - ungathola ukuthi ubonisa ubuciko obuncane obuningi ngezindlela nobukhulu obuhlukene. Futhi njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zobuchwepheshe besimanje, ama-microphone angabonisa izinto ezikhethekile nezici eziwusizo.
Ama-microphones athengiswa kuwo wonke amanani amanani. Amamodeli angabi namanani angaba ngaphansi kuka-US $ 50, kanti izindleko ezivuthiwe (ngokuvamile ezicatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe) zingabangezela ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi. Ezinye izibonelo ezivamile zamakrofoni:
- Amaphethini angama-single / amaningi (ukuthi imakrofoni ihlukanisa kanjani umsindo ozorekhodwa)
- Amandla webhethri
- Ukurekhoda kwe-wired / wireless
- Inomboro ye-in-mic / ukuzuza / ukulawula ukuxuba
- Izinketho zokuxhumeka ezengeziwe
Naphezu kokuningi okumele ukhethe kuzo, cishe yonke imakrofoni eyodwa izowela kunye yezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: i-dynamic ne-condenser. Enye, uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu ongalubhekana nalo imakrofoni yethoni. Noma yilowo nalowo i-transducer eyenza umsebenzi ofanayo wokuqoqa futhi ukuthatha umsindo, izindlela zokwakha izibonakaliso zokukhishwa kwe-elektroniki zihluke ngokuphelele.
Kuye ngezidingo ezithile zokurekhoda / izimo, omunye angase abe yindlela engcono kunomunye. Into ewukuthi, kunzima kakhulu ukutshela izinhlobo ezahlukene ngaphandle kokubheka. Ngakho yilokhu okumele ukwazi.
01 ka-03
Ama-Microphone Amandla
Ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukuchaza ukusebenza kwama-microphones ashukumisayo kulokho okwakunomlomo wendabuko (okushoyo) , kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho ngesikhulumi sendabuko, isignali yomsindo ihamba ukusuka emthonjeni kuze kube yikhoyili yezwi, enamathele ku-cone (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-diaphragm). Uma ugesi (isignali yomsindo) ufinyelela ku-coil, insimu yamagnetic idalwe (isimiso se-electromagnet), esithinta i-magnet ehlala khona ngemuva kwekhoyili. Ukushintsha kwamandla kwenza izimbangela zamaginethi zikhange futhi ziphindwe, ziphoqelele i-cone enamathiselwe ukudlidliza emuva nangaphezulu, yilokho okukhiqiza amaza omsindo esiwazwayo.
Ngakho-ke, imakrofoni enamandla idonsa ingcindezi yomsindo, idlidliza i-cone futhi ibangele ukuthi izinsimu zamagnetic zisebenzisane, okuholela ekwakheni isignali kagesi. Enye inzuzo enkulu yamakrofoni ashukumisayo ukuthi angasebenza ngokungahleliwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungayisebenzisa ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla angaphandle, njengoba okwamanje okwenza isignali yokukhipha ikhiqizwa ngesenzo sensimbi. Noma kunjalo, kunamanye ama-microphone asebenzayo - ngokuvamile aphezulu nekhwalithi - edinga amandla ukuze asebenze. Ngakho hlola njalo ukucaciswa komkhiqizo kuqala.
Njengezikhulumi zendabuko, amakhomphyutha ashukumisayo ahle kakhulu ekusebenziseni amanani amaningi ngokubuchwepheshe nobuvivinyo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ama-microphone ashukumisayo ngokuvamile ayabizi (kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi) ukukhiqiza (okuyinto evame ukwenza kube ngaphezulu okungabizi), kodwa ama-insides e-elektronike avame ukuba angaphezu kogqamile kunabalingani bawo be-condenser. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangathatha ukushaya bese bephethe ukudonsa - kuhle ukubambelela ngezandla ngokubambisana ngokushiya ukuthi kufakwe endaweni ehleliwe. Kodwa ugcine engqondweni ukuthi ukuqina okujwayelekile kuvela ekwakhiweni kwekhwalithi; ngoba nje imakrofoni iyisimo esiqinekile ayiqinisekisi ukuthi yakhiwe ukuba ihlale, ungashiyi ngaphandle imakrofoni ye-condenser.
Ama-microphones amandla awanandaba - ikakhulukazi, ngoba kunamanye amamodeli abizayo angakwazi ukuletha imiphumela emihle - njengamakrofoni e-condenser. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisindo samakhontshisi nekhoyili, esivimbela ukuthi i-cone ingasabela kanjani ngokushesha kumaza omsindo (ikakhulukazi amazinga aphakeme, ngoba angenawo amandla amaningi okuhambisa umthamo we-diaphragm). Ngenkathi ngokuqinisekile kuyinselele, kuye ngokuthi, akuyona into embi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuzwela okungezansi kanye nempendulo elinganiselwe kakhulu yokuphendula imvamisa ngokuvamile kusho imininingwane encane ethunyelwe kumarekhodi, kodwa lokhu kufaka phakathi imisindo engavamile / engadingeki.
Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukunciphisa yonke indawo yomsindo nesimo sangemuva nxazonke ngenkathi urekhoda, imakrofoni enamandla ingase ibe yindlela yokuhamba. Futhi, ukuphendula okusheshayo kwe-cone kwenza ama-microphones ashukumisayo kakhulu ekutholeni imisindo enamandla, ephansi, njengamadubhu, i-bass guitar, i-cello, njalonjalo. Ehlanganiswe nekhono lokusingatha amanani amaningi, amakholifoni ashukumisayo avame ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho kokurekhoda bukhoma esikhundleni sokurekhoda kwe-studio. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokho, ukuzwela okuphansi kusho ama-microphones ashukumisayo angcono ekumelaneni nemisindo yempendulo yomsindo.
Noma kunjalo, ama-microphones amaningi ashukumisayo anganezela umbala othile ongenangqondo (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi imfudumalo) emisindweni eqoshiwe. Lo mphumela ungaba ophawulekayo noma obuncane, kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo kanye / noma ikhwalithi yemakrofoni uqobo. Omunye angase angaboni noma azinakekele, ngaphandle uma ukunemba kwezwi kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa kwezinye zezimo, i-microphone ye-condenser ingase ibe yikhethelo elikhethiwe.
Izinzuzo:
Ayidingi amandla angaphandle kanye / noma amabhethri
Ukuphatha kalula umsindo ophezulu wezwi / izinsimbi
Ngokujwayelekile okungabizi kakhulu (kodwa hhayi njalo icala)
Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunamakrofoni enkamisa (ngokuvamile)
Okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zangaphandle / zokurekhoda bukhoma
Umthengi:
Ngokujwayelekile idinga ukukhulisa okungeziwe (ngemiphumela engcono)
Awukwazi ukuzwa / ukuphendula njengemikrofoni ye-condenser (ikakhulukazi kuma frequency)
Impendulo yevameko ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuklama / isicelo
02 ka-03
Amakrofoni we-Condenser
Ungakwazi ukuchaza ukusebenza kwamakrofoni we-condenser kuya kwesikhulumi se-electrostatic, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke ngesikhulumi se-electrostatic, imfucuza encane imisiwe phakathi kwama-grids amabili (eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-stators), axhunyiwe kwi-voltage supply. I-diaphragm yakhiwa ngezinto zokwenza umshini kagesi ukuze ikwazi ukubamba imali ehleliwe futhi ihlanganyele (ukuheha nokuphindaphinda ngezinsizakalo zombane) ngamagridi. Izimpawu zomsindo (ngesimo kagesi) zamandla aqhathaniswayo kodwa amapolisi ahlukile ahanjiswa egridi ngalinye - uma igridi eyodwa iqhubezela imfucuza, elinye igridi lidonsa ngamandla alinganayo. Njengoba ama-grids ashintshana ukusuka ekushintsheni kwe-voltage, i-diaphragm ihamba phambili nangaphezulu, okuphumela ekwakheni amaza omsindo esiwazwayo. Ngokungafani nama-microphones ashukumisayo, ama-condensers asinakho amamitha.
Ngakho-ke, imakrofoni ye-condenser iphakamisa ukucindezela komsindo, okuhambisa ibanga le-diaphragm maqondana negridi (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-back back for microphone). Lokhu kuhlangana phakathi kwamasimu kagesi kuholela ekushintsheni kwamanje, yilokho okuhumusha kwisignali yokukhipha umsindo. Okunye okushiwo ukuthi i-capacitor isetshenziselwa ukukhokhiswa okuyiyo, okusho ukuthi ama-microphone angama-condenser adinga amandla angaphandle (awaziwa nangokuthi phantom) asebenzayo (isib. Ngokusebenzisa amabhethri noma izintambo). Amandla nawo ayadingeka kumakhamera okukhulisa amakrofoni - izinguquko zamanje zincane kakhulu ukuba zibhaliswe ngemishini exhunyiwe ngaphandle uma kukhona futhi okukhulunywe ngaphakathi kwesikhulumi.
Njengezikhulumi ze-electrostatic, izinzuzo ezinkulu zemikrofoni ye-condenser zithuthukisa ukuzwela nokuphendula. Ngokuklanywa, i-diaphragm encane ingakwazi ukusabela ngokushesha ekucindezelekeni okuphoqelekile / / okude kwamagagasi omsindo ahambayo. Isizathu sokuthi ama-microphones angenayo i-accenser ayinembile kakhulu futhi ayakwazi ukuthola ukuqonda ngokucacile okucacile, okwenza kube kuhle ukuqoshwa okuphezulu-ikakhulukazi okubandakanya imisindo kanye / noma imigqa ephezulu yezimvamisa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ama-electronics aklanyelwe ukusebenza kanjani, ama-microphones angenawo amandla angatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu nobukhulu kunezinkinobho ezinamandla.
Nakuba ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe kungahle kubonakale kumnandi, kunezinto ezingenakwenzeka. Amakrofoni we-Condenser angaphansi kokuphazamiseka, njengokuzama ukurekhoda amakholi amaningi noma umsindo. Zibuye zithinteke kakhulu impendulo yomsindo - lokhu kwenzeka uma umsindo otholakele ngemakrofoni udlula ngesipikha futhi uphinde uphinde uthathe imakrofoni ku-loop eqhubekayo (okuholela ekutheni lokhu kukhishwa ngokuzwakalayo). Bangakwazi futhi ukuthatha umsindo ongafuneki, ikakhulukazi uma ungekho ekamelweni elithule noma elinomsindo. Isibonelo, i-microphone ye-condenser kungenzeka ingabi yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuyisebenzisa ukuze uxoxe / urekhode ngaphandle ngaphandle uma kunomoya, imvula, noma idolobha / imvelo / abantu bezwakala ngemuva. Nakuba imisindo enjalo ingasuswa ngesofthiwe yokuhlela umculo nokurekhoda umsindo , idinga leso sinyathelo esingeziwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-electrostatic ngaphakathi kwamakrofoni omfutho we-condenser uvame ukwenza kube buthakathaka nokubizayo (ngokuvamile kaningi kodwa hhayi njalo) kunama-microphones ashukumisayo. Ngokungafani namagnet aqinile kanye nekhoyili yemikrofoni eguquguqukayo, izingxube ezincane ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezincane ziphephile futhi zingaqeda kalula noma zilimazwe kalula ngamazinga okucindezela komsindo (SPL) noma umthelela womzimba. Ngokuqinisekile ufuna ukusingatha lezi zinto ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe imakrofoni ehamba phambili ingakudla ama-dollar amaningana (noma ngaphezulu). Uke wambona othile enza i-mic-drop esiteji? Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyimakrofoni enamandla futhi akuyona i-condenser.
Izinzuzo:
Idala amasignali alalelwayo aqinile ngaphandle kwesidingo sesandulela
Ngokuvamile ukuzwela ukuqoqa imisindo ephoqelekile / / noma kude
Impendulo enamandla kakhulu yamaningi
Okufanelekile ezindaweni zokuqopha zangaphakathi / ezithule (ngokuvamile)
Umthengi:
Kudinga amandla angaphandle (phantom) kanye / noma amabhethri
Ukuzwela okukhulu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ezimweni ezithile
Kungaba kubiza (kodwa hhayi njalo icala)
Amakhomphyutha amaningi anesibhakabhaka kunamabhonikhi ashukumisayo
03 ka 03
Ukunquma Phakathi Kwama Microphones E-Dynamic and Condenser
Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zibonisa amandla afana nokusebenza kwazo, kunezinye izici okufanele uzicabangele uma ufuna umakrofoni omusha noma omusha. Amakrofoni amaningi aklanyelwe ngokusetshenziswa okuthile engqondweni, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufanisa nokusetshenziswa nezidingo. Ungase ufune imakrofoni ekhethekile: ukurekhoda kwenhloso jikelele, ukusebenza okubukhoma / imicimbi / imibukiso, izinhlelo ze-PA, izingxoxo, ukuqoshwa kwe-studio, imisindo, izinsimbi zomculo, izingcingo zikagesi, izinsimbi zomculo ophezulu, izinsimbi eziphakathi nendawo, imphendvulo yendilinga , impendulo yokukhulisa imvamisa, i-podcasting / i-newscasting, njalonjalo. Ungathola okukhethwa kukho okuhle kakhulu ngamakrofoni ashukumisayo noma amancane angaphezu kwamanani amaningi.
Futhi, izici ezithile kanye nokucaciswa kungaholela ekuholeni uhlobo olulodwa lokuba olufanele kakhulu kunezinye (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho). Isibonelo, ama-microphone aneziphazamiso ezikhulu kakhulu zivame ukuba nenembile / ezibucayi kunabanye abanezingxube ezincane (ubukhulu buba khona kulezi zimo). Kodwa i-diaphragm ekhudlwana isho imakrofoni esayizikhulu, okuzothatha isikhala esiphezulu sesitoreji esikhwameni segesi noma emaphaketheni. Amanye ama-microphones (nganoma yiluphi uhlobo) aklanyelwe ngokulula ukukhumbula engqondweni, kanti amanye angase abe niche ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke kungaba khona ukuhweba okuyingcosana kunoma yini oyikhethayo.
Amakhomphyutha abuye abe nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokuphendula imvamisa (hlola ukucaciswa komkhiqizi), okungenza uhlobo olulodwa lube ngcono kunomunye, kuye ngokuthi zenzelwe kanjani ukusetshenziswa. Ezinye zenzelwe ukuphatha ukurekhoda ngokwemvelo / ukungathathi hlangothi, kanti ezinye zengeza ukuthuthukiswa - lokhu kungaba uhlobo lokubala kanye / noma ukukala okuzwakalayo umsindo - ku-imaging jikelele. Ezinye izinkomba zokuqhathanisa nokucabangela yilezi: isilinganiso sesignali kuya kumsindo , izinga eliphezulu lokucindezela umsindo (umsindo wokufaka), ukuphazamiseka okuphelele kwe-harmonic , iphethini ye-polar, nokuzwela. Ekugcineni, imakrofoni efanele iyoba ngcono kakhulu ezindlebeni zakho ngenkathi uhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokusetshenziswa.
Ama-Microphone Amandla Awuhle Kakhulu:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle
- Bonisa okuningi
- Ukuqoqa izindaba / izingxoxo
- Ukuqopha kumazinga aphezulu wevolumu
- Imisindo yamagundasi aphansi / izinsimbi (i-Barry White, i-bass guitar, i-cello, i-tba, njll)
- Uma udinga okuthile okuqinile
Ama-microphones we-Condenser ayedlula:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi
- Ukusebenza kwe-studio
- I-Podcasting / i-newscasting
- Ukurekhoda ngemininingwane nokunemba
- Imisindo ephakeme / imishini (uMariah Carey, i-violin, umcibisholo, upiyano, njll)
- Lapho ukuqina akuyona into