Mashi 28, 2016: Ukulwa sekuphelile. I-FBI yamemezela namuhla ukuthi iphumelele ekudaleni i-iPhone embuzweni ngaphandle kokubandakanya i-Apple. Yenza kanjalo ngosizo lwekampani yenkampani yangaphandle, ogama lakhe lingakaze limenyezelwe. Lokhu kuyamangalisa, ngenxa yokuthi abaningi ababukeli bacabanga ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke kanti i-FBI ne-Apple beyizinsuku eziningi zenkantolo.
Ngizobheka lo mphumela ukunqoba i-Apple, ngoba leyo nkampani yakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yayo.
I-FBI ayibheki okuhle ekuphumeni kwalesi simo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ifinyelele idatha eyifunayo, ngakho-ke kuyisilinganiso sokuphumelela, futhi.
Udaba lufile manje, kodwa lindele ukuthi luzobuya esikhathini esizayo. Ukusetshenziswa komthetho kusadingeka ukuthola indlela yokufinyelela ukuxhumana okuphephile, ikakhulukazi kwimikhiqizo eyenziwe yi-Apple. Lapho omunye, icala elifanayo livela esikhathini esizayo, kulindeleke ukubona i-Apple kanye nohulumeni emuva kokuphikisana.
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Iyini imbangela yokuphikisana phakathi kwe-Apple ne-FBI? Le nkinga ibe yiyo yonke izindaba futhi ibuye ibe iphuzu lokukhuluma emkhankasweni womongameli. Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, sengokomzwelo, nesiyinkinga, kodwa kubalulekile kubo bonke abasebenzisi be-iPhone kanye namakhasimende akwa-Apple ukuze baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani. Empeleni, wonke umuntu osebenzisa i-intanethi udinga ukuqaphela lesi simo, ngoba okwenzekayo lapha kungathinta kakhulu ikusasa lokuphepha kuwo wonke umsebenzisi we-intanethi.
Yini eqhubekayo phakathi kuka-Apple ne-FBI?
I-Apple ne-FBI bavalelwe empini uma ngabe inkampani izosiza idatha yokufinyelela ye-FBI ku-iPhone esetshenziswe nguSan Bernardino umshayeli we-Syed Rizwan Farook. I-iPhone-i-5C egijima i-iOS 9-ivela eMnyangweni wezeMpilo kaHulumeni waseSan Bernardino, umqashi kaFarook kanye nenhloso yokuhlasela kwakhe.
Idatha efonini ibhalwe ngekhodi futhi i-FBI ayikwazi ukuyifinyelela. I-ejensi icela i-Apple ukuthi ibasize ukuthi ifinyelele kulolo datha.
Iyini i-FBI icela i-Apple ukuba iyenze?
Isicelo se-FBI siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sinamahloni kunokuba nje ucele i-Apple ukuthi inikeze idatha. I-FBI ikwazi ukufinyelela enye idatha kusuka kusekelweni ye-iCloud yefoni, kodwa ifoni ayinakekelwa yinyanga ngaphambi kokudubula. I-FBI ikholelwa ukuthi kungaba khona ubufakazi obubalulekile efonini kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
I-iPhone ivikelwe ngekhodi yephasiwedi, ehlanganisa ukulungiselelwa okuvala yonke imininingwane efonini uma iphasiwedi engalungile ingenwe izikhathi ezingu-10. I-Apple ayinayo ukufinyelela kwamaphasikhodi e-abasebenzisi kanye ne-FBI, ngokuqondakalayo, ayifuni ukufaka ingozi ekusuleni idatha yefoni ngokuqagela okungalungile.
Ukuze uzungeze izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-Apple uphinde ufinyelele idatha efonini, i-FBI icela i-Apple ukuthi idale inguqulo ekhethekile ye-iOS esusa ukulungiselelwa ukukhiya i-iPhone uma ngabe amaphasikhodi amaningi angalungile afakiwe. I-Apple ingabe ifaka leyo nguqulo ye-iOS kwi-iPhone yakwaFarook. Lokhu kuzovumela i-FBI ukuthi isebenzise uhlelo lwekhompyutha ukuze uzame ukuqagela iphasikhodi futhi ufinyelele idatha.
I-FBI iphikisana ngokuthi lokhu kuyadingeka ukusiza ekuphenyweni kokudubula futhi, cishe, ekuvimbeleni izenzo zamaphekula ezizayo.
Kungani I-Apple Ingathobeli?
I-Apple yenqaba ukuhambisana nesicelo se-FBI ngoba ithi izobeka engozini ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi bayo futhi ibe nomthwalo ongadingekile enkampanini. Amaphuzu ka-Apple okungahambisani nawo afaka:
- Ukushintsha i-OS ngale ndlela kudambisa imizamo yayo yokuphepha- i- Apple ithi ibeka izinyathelo zayo zokuphepha ngokuzibophezela futhi ngokucabangela nokucabangela okuningi. Ukuphoqeleka ukudala le nguqulo entsha ye-iOS ngokuqondile ngokumelene nomsebenzi wayo.
- Iqeda ukuthembela komsebenzisi- Uma amakhasimende azi ukuthi le i-version ephephile ye-iOS ikhona futhi ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US angaphoqa u-Apple ukuba awufake kuma-iPhones, ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi ngabe i-iOS izinguqulo zekusasa ziyihlanganisa yini. Uhulumeni angaphoqa u-Apple ukuba awufake ngasese kuzo zonke izinguqulo ze-iOS ezizayo. Lokhu kubangele kakhulu emazweni anombuso ocindezelayo (ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva).
- Ukwandisa izingozi ze-Apple- Uma izwe liyazi ukuthi le nguqulo ye-iOS ikhona, ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa amathuba abaduni abazohlasela i-Apple ukuze bathole ukufinyelela ikhodi.
- Ukwandisa izingozi zokuphepha kubasebenzisi- Uma abaduni bephumelela ekutholeni ikhodi kusuka ku-Apple, izingozi zokuphepha kubasebenzisi zizovela phezulu. Ngendlela efanele yokuhlaselwa, abaduni bangase bakwazi ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ekufakeni i-iOS ye-security-compromised version kumadivaysi abo, okuzovulela zonke izinhlobo zedatha kubaduni. Uma ucabanga ukuthi amafoni aqukethe amaphasiwedi, imininingwane yebhange , ulwazi lwezempilo lomuntu siqu, izigxivizo zeminwe, nokuningi, ingozi icacile.
- Isicelo asikaze senzeke- I- Apple iye yasiza njalo i-FBI ekuvuleni i-iPhones kwezinye izimo. Ngaphambi kokuba i-FBI noma enye i-ejensi kahulumeni icele i-Apple ukuthi idale isofthiwe entsha ekholelwa ukuthi ayikho kuyo, noma izithakazelo zabasebenzisi bayo. Umbono wokuthi uhulumeni angaphoqa izinkampani zangasese ukwakha imikhiqizo ngokumelene nentando yabo kuyisibonelo esiyingozi.
- Isisekelo sezomthetho se-FBI sinokungabaza- Lokhu kuzoba nesithakazelo esikhulu kubameli kanye nabalandeli balezi zinhlobo zemininingwane yomthetho / kahulumeni, kodwa i-Apple ithi isicelo se-FBI sisekelwe ekucabangeni okungalungile. Ithi yonke i-Writs Act ka-1798, ebizwa ngokuthi i-FBI njengokwesekwa kwesimo sayo, ayisebenzisi futhi ivikelwe kokubili kokuchibiyela koku-1 no-5.
Ingabe Kubalulekile ukuthi Lena iPhone 5C Running iOS 9?
Yebo, ngezizathu ezimbalwa:
- I-version yezindaba zesistimu yokusebenza- Apple isebenzise izinyathelo ezintsha zokuphepha ku-iOS 8. Uma ifoni isebenza okuthile endala, ukuphepha ngeke kube nzima ukuphula.
- Imodeli yezindaba zefoni- I-iPhone 5C yiyona ndlela yokugcina ye-iPhone engenayo i- Touch ID yesinxele somunwe weminwe . Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba wonke amamodeli we-Touch ID anesici esikhethekile sokuphepha esibizwa nge-enclave evikelekile. Yilapho idatha ebalulekile, njengeminwe yakho yeminwe, igcinwa.
Kungani Kunzima Ukufinyelela Le Datha?
Lokhu kuba nzima futhi ubuchwepheshe kodwa bamba nami. Ukubethela okuyisisekelo ku-iPhone kunamakhemikhali amabili: ikhi lokubhala lokufihla elifakwe efoni uma lenziwe futhi iphasiwedi ekhethwe ngumsebenzisi. Lezi zici ezimbili zihlangene ukuze zenze "ukhiye" ovala futhi uvula ifoni nedatha yayo. Uma umsebenzisi engena iphasikhodi efanele, ifoni ihlola amakhodi amabili futhi ivule yona.
Kunemingcele efakwe kule sici ukuze ivikeleke nakakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umkhawulo oyinhloko ubangela ukuthi i-iPhone ihlale ibophe unomphela uma iphasikhodi engalungile ingenwe izikhathi ezingu-10 (lokhu yisilungiselelo esinikezwa umsebenzisi).
Ukuqagela ama-passcode ngalolu hlobo lwesimo kuvame ukwenza uhlelo lwekhompiyutha oluzama zonke izinhlanganisela ezikhona kuze kube yilapho umuntu esebenza. Ngephasikhodi yezindidi ezine, kunezinhlanganisela ezingaba ngu-10 000 ezingenzeka. Ngephasikhodi yezinombolo ezingu-6, lelo nani likhuphukela ekuhlanganiseni okungu-1 million. Amaphasikhodi angamadijithi ayisithupha angenziwa ngamabili nezinombolo, okunye okunye okusho ukuthi kungathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu yokuzama ukuqagela kahle ikhodi, ngokusho kuka-Apple.
I-enclave evikelekile esetshenziswa kwezinye izinguqulo ze-iPhone yenza lokhu kube nzima nakakhulu.
Njalo uma uqagela iphasikhodi engalungile, i-enclave evikelekile yenza ulinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuzama kwakho okulandelayo. I-iPhone 5C enkingeni lapha ayinayo i-enclave evikelekile, kodwa ukufakwa kwayo kuzo zonke i-iPhones ezalandela kunika umqondo wokuthi zivikelekile kangakanani lezo zithombe.
Kungani i-FBI ikhethe le nkinga?
I-FBI ayizange ichaze lokhu, kodwa akunzima ukuqagela. Ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuye kwahlukunyezwa nezinyathelo zokuphepha ze-Apple iminyaka. I-FBI kungenzeka ukuthi yaqagela ukuthi i-Apple ngeke izimisele ukuthatha ukuma okungathandeki ecaleni lobuphekula phakathi nonyaka wokhetho nokuthi lokhu kuzoba ithuba lokuqeda ukuphepha kuka-Apple.
Ingabe Ukuqiniswa Kwezomthetho kufuna "i-Backdoor" Kuzo zonke Ukubhala?
Kungenzeka ukuthi, yebo. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, izikhulu eziphezulu zomthetho kanye nezikhulu zezobunhloli ziye zacindezela ukuba bakwazi ukuthola ukuxhumana ngekhodi. Lokhu kufana ne-backdoor. Ukuze uthole isampuli esihle salolu daba, hlola lesi sihloko esinobuhlakani esibheke isimo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ku-Nov. 2015 eParis. Kubonakala sengathi ama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho afuna ukukwazi ukufinyelela noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okubhalwe ngokubethelwa noma kunini uma bengathanda (uma belandela iziteshi zomthetho ezifanele, nakuba lokho kuhlulekile ukunikeza ukuvikelwa esikhathini esidlule).
Ingabe Isicelo se-FBI Sikhishwe ku-iPhone eyodwa?
Cha. Ngenkathi inkinga esheshayo ihlobene nale foni ngayinye, i-Apple ithe iqukethe izicelo ezifanayo eziyishumi nambili ezivela eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa okwamanje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela walolu cala uzothinta okungenani amanye amacala ambalwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usethe kahle kakhulu izenzo zekusasa.
Iyiphi Impumelelo I-Apple Engavumelana Nayo Yakho Emhlabeni Wonke?
Kukhona ingozi yangempela ukuthi uma i-Apple ihambisana nohulumeni wase-US, kulokhu, abanye ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bangacela ukwelashwa okufanayo. Uma ohulumeni base-United States bathola i-backdoor ohlelweni lwezokuphepha lwe-Apple, yini okumisa amanye amazwe ekuphoqeleleni u-Apple ukuba awanikeze into efanayo uma inkampani ifuna ukuqhubeka ibhizinisi lapho? Lokhu ikakhulukazi maqondana namazwe afana neChina (avame ukuqhuba ama-cyberattacks ngokumelene nohulumeni wase-US kanye nezinkampani zase-US) noma izimbuso ezicindezelayo ezifana neRussia, iSiriya, noma i-Iran. Ukuba ne-backdoor ku-iPhone kungavumela la ma-regimes ukuba ahlakaze izinyathelo zokuguquguquka kwepro-democracy futhi afake izishoshovu engozini.
Yini Enye Izinkampani Zama Tech Think?
Ngenkathi bephuza ukusekela u-Apple esidlangalaleni, izinkampani ezilandelayo ziphakathi kwalabo abafake izikhalazo ze-amicus nezinye izinhlobo zokusekela ze-Apple:
| Ama-Amazon | I-Atlassian |
| I-Automattic | Ibhokisi |
| Cisco | I-Dropbox |
| eBay | Evernote |
| I-Kickstarter | |
| I-Microsoft | Isidleke |
| I-Reddit | |
| Slack | Snapchat |
| Isikwele | I-SquareSpace |
| Yahoo |
Yini Okufanele Uyenze?
Lokho kuncike ekuboneni kwakho ngendaba. Uma usekela i-Apple, ungathintana nabamele bakho abakhethiwe ukuveza lokho kuxhasa. Uma uvumelana ne-FBI, ungaxhumana no-Apple ukuze ubazise.
Uma ukhathazekile ngokuphepha kwedivaysi yakho, kunezinyathelo eziningi ongazithatha:
- Setha iphasikhodi ku-iPhone yakho. Sebenzisa inketho yephasikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi udale iphasikhodi yezinhlamvu ezingu-6+, usebenzisa izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Ikhodi yephasiwedi yalesi sinkimbinkimbi inzima kakhulu ukuphula. Imiyalo yokusetha iphasikhodi
- Bhalisa izipele zakho. Izipele ze-iCloud zibethelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa uma usebenzisa iTunes, landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Vumelanisa idivayisi yakho ne-iTunes
- Qiniseka ukuthi unezinguqulo zakamuva ze-iTunes kanye ne-iOS
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uthuthele konke ukuthengwa kwe-iTunes kanye ne-App Store ku-iTunes ( Ifayela -> Amadivaysi -> Ukuthenga Ukuthenga )
- Esikhathini samathebhu okufingqiwe ku-iTunes, chofoza ukubethela isipele se-iPhone
- Landela imiyalo yeskrini yokusetha iphasiwedi yezipele zakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi yinto eyodwa ongayikhumbula, ngaphandle kwalokho uzokhiywa ngaphandle kwezingcingo zakho.
Yini Eyokwenzeka?
Izinto kungenzeka zihambe kancane kakhulu okwesikhashana. Lindela okuningi kwengxoxo kumaphephandaba kanye nabahlaziyi abaningi abanolwazi abakhuluma ngokuphathelene nezifundo (ukubethela nokuphepha kwekhompyutha) abangaziqondi ngempela. Lindela ukuthi lize ukhetho lomongameli.
Izinsuku eziseduze zokubukela ziyi:
- March 10- Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuba uhulumeni wase-US aphendule ukufakwa kwekhomishana yakamuva ye-Apple ukuphika isicelo
- Ngo-Mashi 22- Izimpendulo zomlomo ngale ndaba ngaphambi kweNkantolo yesiFunda yase-US yaseCentral California.
I-Apple ibonakala iqine ngokuqinile endaweni yayo lapha. Ngifisa ukuthi sizobona izinqumo eziningi zenkantolo ephansi futhi ngeke ngimangele uma leli cala liphela ngaphambi kweNkantolo Ephakeme ngonyaka ozayo noma amabili. I-Apple ibonakala ihlela lokho, futhi: iqashwe uTed Olson, ummeli omelela uGeorge W. Bush eBush v. Gore futhi wasiza ekuqothuleni i-California anti-gay Proposition 8 njengommeli wayo.
Ngo-Ephreli 2018: Ukuqiniswa Kwezomthetho Kungenzeka Manje Ngifake Ukubethelwa Kwefoni?
Naphezu kokuthi i-FBI ithi ukudlula ukubethela kuma-iPhones namadivayisi afanayo kusalokhu kunzima kakhulu, ukubika kwamuva kubonisa ukuthi ukulandelwa komthetho manje sekulungele ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi ukuphazamisa ukubethela. Idivaysi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-GrayKey kuthiwa isetshenziswa kulo lonke izwe ngokusetshenziswa komthetho ukufinyelela kumadivayisi avikelwe amaphasiwedi.
Nakuba lokhu kungeyona izindaba ezinhle ngokuphelele zabameli bomfihlo noma i-Apple, kungasiza ekunciphiseni izingxabano zikahulumeni ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-Apple, nalabo abavela kwezinye izinkampani, badinga ukulondeka okubuyiselwa emuva kohulumeni abangafinyelela kuwo.