Amanethiwekhi amaningi okuphepha emotweni akhathaleli ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, noma ukuthi ukhulu noma omncane kangakanani, noma yini enye ngawe, ngempela. Zisebenza, noma azikho, kodwa ezimweni eziningi zingaba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekulondolozeni impilo yakho noma ukunciphisa ubunzima bokulimala uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ingozi. Ezinye zobuchwepheshe bokuphepha, njengezindiza zendabuko , empeleni ziyingozi ezinganeni, noma kunjalo, nezinye, njengezintambo ezingezansi kanye nama-Tethers for Children (LATCH) zenzelwe ukwenza izimoto eziphephile kubagibeli bezingane. Kulezi zici ezibalulekile zokuphepha, izici nezinhlelo zezingane, ezinye, njenge-LATCH, ziyimishini ejwayelekile isikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke kufanele nje ukhathazeke ngabo lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe abaningi obusha butholakala kuphela ezintweni ezithile namamodeli, noma kunjalo, yingakho kusadingeka ukuhlola izici zokuphepha ngisho nalapho uthenga imoto entsha.
Ukugcina izingane ziphephile endleleni
Ukuphepha kwezingane sekude kakhulu kusukela ezinsukwini lapho amabhande okuhlala ayeyizixhobo zokuzikhethela, noma etholakala kuphela ku-aftermarket, kodwa kusenendlela ende yokuhamba. Ezinye zezobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile kakhulu zokuphepha kanye nezici manje ziyimishini ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha zokugibela kanye namaloli, kuyilapho ezinye zitholakala kuphela njengemishini yokuzikhethela noma kumaphakheji wesici esithuthukisiwe. Yiqiniso, into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ongayenza ukuze uvikele ingane emotweni yakho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imikhuba yokushayela ephephile, ukulandela incwadi yomthetho mayelana nokuthi ingane ihlala kuphi kanye nokuvimbela okusetshenzisiwe.
Nakuba umthetho uhlukile endaweni eyodwa kuya kwesinye, ngokusho kwe-IIHS, wonke amazwe, kanye nesifunda sase-Columbia, e-United States inehlobo oluthile lomthetho wesihlalo somntwana. Ungabheka umthetho wakho othize ukuthi uphephile, kepha umthetho jikelele wesithupha uhlale uqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 zihlezi esihlalweni sangemuva futhi izihlalo ezifanele nezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe ziyasetshenziswa. Iminye imithetho isebenza nakancane ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, kodwa inkinga yangempela, ngokuphepha kwezimoto, ihlobene nokuphakama nesisindo somntwana, ngakho-ke ezinye izingane zingakwazi ukugibela ngokuphepha ngesihlalo sangaphambili ngaphambili, ngenkathi abantu abaningi abadala kudinga ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe bokuphepha njengama- airbags ahlakaniphile .
Ukubaluleka kwe-LATCH
Izivimbelo zokubamba izibambo ziyizinye zezici zokuphepha ezibaluleke kunazo zonke ngaphandle, kodwa azisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi kahle nezingane. Yingakho izingane ezincane kufanele zigibele ezihlalweni ezikhethekile zezimoto, okungase kube nzima ukufaka ngezinye izikhathi. Kusukela ngo-2002, zonke izimoto ezintsha zifike zihlomele isici sokuphepha esibizwa nge-Lower Anchors namaTethers for Children, noma i-LATCH esifushane. Lolu hlelo lukwenza kube lula, lula, futhi ephephile ukufaka izihlalo zokuphepha ezingane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amabhande esikhwameni.
Uma uthenga imoto eyakhiwe ukuthengiswa e-United States ngemuva noma ngonyaka ka-2002, kuyobe ifaka uhlelo lwe-LATCH. Uma uthengisa imoto esetshenzisiwe endala, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthembele kumabhande esihlalo ukuze ufake izihlalo zemoto nezithuthukisi.
Izibhande Zesihlalo Nezingane
Ibhande lesikhumba iyisidingo sokuphepha esibalulekile esidingekayo kuzo zonke izimoto amashumi eminyaka, kodwa izifundo zibonise ukuthi amabhande ehlombe, ngokubambisana namabhande amabhande, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okukhulu kunabhande amabhande. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kodwa izimoto ezimbalwa kakhulu zihlanganisa amabhande asehlombe asempumalanga kuze kube yiminyaka yamuva. Njengoba izingane ezincane kufanele zihlale njalo esihlalweni sangemuva, ngisho nalapho zisebenzisa i-booster noma uma zide ngokwanele ukuba zingasebenzisi i-booster, lokho kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile abanalo inzuzo yokuphepha eyengeziwe eyengezwe ngokubakhona kwebhande lehlombe. Izimoto ezintsha ezakhiqizwa ngemuva konyaka ka-2007 zidingeke ukuba zibandakanye zombili amahlombe kanye namabhande asezintweni ezihlalweni zabo zangasese, okungenzeka ufune ukuzikhumbula lapho uthengisa imoto esetshenzisiwe.
Ngaphezu kokuthi imoto endala ihlanganisa amabhande ehlombe elingemuva, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukuthi amanye amabhande ehlombe ayashintsha. Lezi zibhande zinezikhonkwane ezinganqanyulwa phansi ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nokuphakama komgibeli. Uma ubheka imoto engenawo amabhande afanelekayo, kufanele uhlole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhande lehlombe aliphakeme kakhulu kumntanakho. Uma ibhande liwela entanyeni, isibonelo, esikhundleni sesifuba, kungabangela ingozi enkulu uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Airbags nezingane
Nakuba izingane kufanele zigibele njalo esihlalweni esiphezulu noma kunini lapho kungenzeka khona, kunezimo lapho lokho akuyona inketho, kanti neminye imithetho yezwe inikeze lokho. Isibonelo, ezinye izimoto azikho izihlalo ezingemuva, kanti ezinye izimoto zinezihlalo ezingemuva ezingeke ukwazi ukufaka isihlalo sokuphepha kwengane. Ungase ufune ukusula lezo zimoto uma uhlela ukuthutha izingane, kodwa ezinye izimoto zihlanganisa i-airbag yokuvala ukushintsha ukuze kusize ukunciphisa ingozi. Njengoba ama-airbags angalimaza kakhulu, noma abulale, izingane, ngenxa yokuphakama nokulingana kwazo, kuyadingeka ukuthi imoto yakho ibe ne-airbag yokuvala, noma i-smart airbag system, ngaphambi kokuba uvumele ingane ukuba ihlale Isihlalo sangaphambili.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-airbags zingabuye zibe nethonya ekuphepha komgibeli wengane, ikakhulukazi uma ingane igibele esihlalweni sangaphambili:
- Izindlela zokuvimbela ikhanda eziwuhlobo oluwuhlobo lwe-airbag ohlelweni olusuka kwi-headrest. Uma kudingekile ukuthi ingane ekhulile igibele phambili, lolu hlobo lwe-airbag lungasiza uma kwenzeka ingozi, ngoba yenzelwe ukuthelela phakathi kwekhanda lokukhanda kanye nenhloko yomgibeli, ukuvala lelo banga nokunciphisa ukunyakaza kwekhanda.
- Ama-airbags atholakale eceleni ahambisa phakathi komnyango nomzimba womuntu ohlala kuyo, futhi anganikeza ukuphepha kubagibeli kuzo zonke izihlalo zangaphambi nangemuva. Ngenkathi lezi zingqwembe zezindiza zingakwazi ukuvikela izingane, azihlali zihlelwe njalo, futhi zingalimaza ngisho nabagibeli "abangenaso isikhundla," okuyisigaba esibandakanya izingane ezincane. Njengoba izimoto eziningi futhi zinezimpembelelo zendiza ezinomthelela ngamunye ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi imoto ayidlulile yini "ngaphandle kwesimo" uma unayo izingane.
Amasango ne-Windows
Ukukhiya ngokuzenzekelayo komnyango kanye nokukhiya ukuphepha kwengane kokubili yizinto ezibalulekile zokuphepha ezithandwa yizimoto eziningi, kodwa akufanele neze uzifake kalula. Ukukhiya okuzenzakalelayo kuklanyelwe ukubandakanya lapho imoto idlula isivinini esithile, okuwusizo uma ukhohlwa ukuvala iminyango. Lokhu buchwepheshe bubeka kahle ngokuvala ukuphepha kwengane, okuvimbela ukuthi iminyango yangemuva ingavulwa nhlobo kusukela ngaphakathi uma ivaliwe. Ukulimala okukhulu, noma ngisho nokufa, kungenzeka uma ingane ikwazi ukuvula umnyango lapho imoto ihamba, yingakho lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu.
Amafasitela emnyango nawo enza ingozi yokuphepha, kuleyo ngozi noma ukufa kungenzeka uma kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba iboshwe lapho iwindi lezimoto livaliwe. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho imoto inemishintsha elula yokuphakamisa nokunciphisa amawindi. Izimoto ezikhiqizwa emva kuka-2008 zize zihlomele ukushintsha / ukudonsa ukushintshwa okungenakwenzeka ukuba kusebenze ngengozi, kanti izimoto ezindala zivame ukuvumela umshayeli ukuba avimbele iwindi lokugibela.
Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okunikezwa yi-push / pull tintshi nama-disablers aqhutshwa ngumshayeli, amanye amawindi wamandla aphethe isici esiphikisanayo nesiphambano. Lesi sici kufaka phakathi izinzwa zokucindezela ezivulwe uma ifasitela ihlangana nokumelana lapho ivaliwe, lapho kwenzeka iwindi lizoyeka noma empeleni liphendulele ngokwayo futhi livuleke. Lesi akusona isici esivamile, futhi akufanele sithembeke njengendlela yokuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ingane ukuba ingene emgodini wokuvala othomathikhi wokuvala, kodwa kuyindlela eyengeziwe yokuvikela eyatholakala ngezinye izikhathi.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-Shift Interlocks
Nakuba kungumqondo omubi ukushiya ingane engagcinwe isihluthulelo ekushiseni, kwenzeka njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ukushintshwa kwamaphini kusiza ukuvimbela ingane ukuba ingaguquki ngendlela engafanele. Uma imoto ishintshelwa ukungathathi hlangothi, noma ngenhloso noma ngokugubha i-shift lever, futhi imoto ikhona kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezintambo, lingase liqhubekele kumuntu noma into futhi ibangele umonakalo wendawo, ukulimala komuntu siqu, noma ngisho nokufa.
Ukuhamba kwe-Brake shift shift interlocks kuklanyelwe kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuphuma epaki ngaphandle kokugxila phansi kuqala. Lesi isici esibalulekile ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, ngoba zivame ukufinyeleleka kakhulu ukuze zingafinyeleleki ku-pedal, ngisho noma zizama ukuzama ukuphuma epaki ngenhloso. Amanye ama-interlocks adinga ukushicilelwa kwenkinobho, noma ngisho nokufaka isihluthulelo noma into efana neyomfanekiso ngendlela efanayo, ukuphuma ngaphandle kwepaki uma ukushisa kungekho esimweni sokugijima.
Izici Zokuphepha Kwabantwana Nezobuchwepheshe Zokubheka
Uma usemakethe yemoto entsha noma esetshenzisiwe, nansi isithenjwa esisheshayo sezinye zezici ezibaluleke kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bokubheka:
- I-LATCH (ejwayelekile kusukela ngo-2002)
- Amabhande asehlombe angemuva
- Amathanga angenakulungiswa angamahlombe angemuva
- Inkinobho ye-airbag / yokuvala
- I-airbags ehlakaniphile
- Ukuvala okuzenzekelayo komnyango
- Ukuphepha kwabantwana kuvaliwe
- Push / thinta ukushintsha kwewindi
- Umkhuhlane wefasitela oqhutshwa ngumshayeli
- Amafasitela othomathikhi anqamulelayo