I-telephony yigama elikhomba ubuchwepheshe obuvumela abantu ukuba babe nokuxhumana ngezwi elide. Litholakala efonini elithi 'ucingo' eliphinde lithathwe emagameni amabili ngesiGreki ngokuthi "tele," okusho kude, futhi "ifoni," okusho ukukhuluma, ngakho-ke umqondo wokukhuluma kusuka kude. Ububanzi besikhathi senyuliwe ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumana. Ngomqondo walo obanzi kakhulu, le migomo ihlanganisa ukuxhumana kwefoni, ukushaya kwe-intanethi, ukuxhumana kwefoni, ukuthumela ngefeksi, i- voicemail ngisho ne-video conferencing. Ekugcineni kunzima ukudweba umugqa ocacile wokukhipha ukuthi yiyiphi i-telephony nokuthi yini engekho.
Umqondo wokuqala wokuthi i-telephony ibuyele ku-POTS (isevisi yocingo edala), okuthiwa yi- PSTN (inethiwekhi yocingo yomphakathi). Lolu hlelo lubhekene nenselele ngokukhululekile futhi ngokukhululeka ekunikezeni ubuchwepheshe be- Voice over IP (VoIP), ebizwa nangokuthi i-IP Telephony ne-Internet Telephony.
I-Voice Over IP (VoIP) ne-Inthanethi Telephony
La magama amabili asetshenziswa ngokungafani ezimweni eziningi, kodwa ngokukhuluma ngokweqiniso, akuyona into efanayo. Imigomo emithathu eyithandanayo yizwi nge-IP, i-IP Telephony ne-Internet Telephony. Bonke babhekisela ekusakazweni kwamakholi wezwi kanye nedatha yezwi ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi we- IP , okuyi- LAN s ne-intanethi. Ngale ndlela, izakhiwo ezikhona kanye nezinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwedatha zihlanganiswa, ngaleyo ndlela ziqede izindleko zokuzinikezela kwezindleko ezibizayo njengoba kunjalo ne-PSTN. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi i-VoIP ilethe kubasebenzisi kuyinkinga enkulu yokusika. Izingcingo zivame ukukhululeka.
Lokhu kanye nezinzuzo eziningi ezenziwa yiVoIP kuye kwabangela ukuba lesi sigaba sibe yinto enkulu yokwakheka kwezobuchwepheshe ezuze ukuthandwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi yathi ingxenye yengonyama yemakethe ye-telephony. Ikhompiyutha ye-Computer Telephony ivele ngokufika kwama- softphones , okuyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe kwikhompyutha, ukulingisa ifoni, ngokusebenzisa amasevisi we-VoIP kwi-inthanethi. I-telephony yekhompyutha ithandwa kakhulu ngoba abantu abaningi bayisebenzisa mahhala.
I-Mobile Telephony
Ubani ongathwali i-telephony ephaketheni labo namuhla? Amafoni kanye nama-handsets ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amanethiwekhi weselula usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-GSM (amaselula) ukuvumela ukuba wenze izingcingo ekuhambeni. Ukushaya kwe-GSM kungabiza kakhulu, kodwa i-VoIP nayo iye yahlasela amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, ama-smartphone, ama-pocket PC namanye amadivaysi, okuvumela abasebenzisi beselula ukuthi bathenge kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi bangashayela izingcingo zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe. Nge-VoIP yeselula, i- Wi-Fi ne- 3G ubuchwepheshe buvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amakholi aphelele, ngisho nabathintana nabangaphandle.
Izinsiza zeTelephoni nezidingo
Yini edingekayo kumabonakude e-telephony phakathi kwe-hardware elula kuya kwimishini eyinkimbinkimbi. Masihlale eceleni komklayenti (ohlangothini lwakho njengamakhasimende) ukuze ugweme ukubunzima kwe-PBXs namaseva nokuhwebelana.
Ku-PSTN, udinga kuphela isethi yefoni nodonga lodonga. Nge-VoIP, imfuneko esemqoka uxhumano kunethiwekhi ye-IP (isib. Uxhumano lwe- Ethernet noma uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi kuya ku- LAN ), uxhumano lwe-intanethi ye-broadband futhi, uma kwenzeka ucingo lwe-mobile, uxhumano lwenethiwekhi olungenantambo olufana ne-Wi-Fi, i- 3G futhi kwezinye izimo ze-GSM. Imishini ingabe ilula njenge-headset (yekhompyutha yefoni). Kulabo abafuna ukutholakala kalula kwefoni ngaphandle komshini, badinga i-ATA (ebizwa nangokuthi i-adapter yefoni) kanye nefoni ejwayelekile yendabuko. Ifoni ye-IP iyiselula ekhethekile ehlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-ATA nezinye izici eziningi futhi ngakho-ke kungasebenza ngaphandle kweminye ihadiwe.
Akuyona nje izwi
Njengoba imithombo eminingi yemidiya ixuba esiteshini esisodwa, ukuthumela ngefeksi ne-video conferencing nakho kuwela ngaphansi kwe-telephony banner. Ukufeksika ngokwemvelo kusebenzisa umugqa wefoni kanye nezinombolo zocingo ukuze uthumele i-facsimile (ifushane yefeksi) imilayezo. IP Faxing isebenzisa amanethiwekhi we-IP ne-Inthanethi ukuthumela nokuthola imilayezo yefeksi. Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kodwa namanje kubhekene nezinselele ezithile. I-video conferencing isebenza ngendlela efanayo nezwi le-IP enevidiyo yangempela yesikhathi sangempela.