01 ka-03
Ukubhekana Nenye Yezihloko Eziningi Ezididayo ku-Audio Electronics
Ngesikhathi ngifunda izinto eziyisisekelo zokulalelwayo, enye yezimiso ezazinzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda kwakuyi-impedance yokukhipha. I-impedance yokungenisa engiyiqonde ngokuyisisekelo, kusukela kusibonelo sesipikha . Phela, umshayeli wesipikha uqukethe ikhoyili yocingo, futhi ngangazi ukuthi ikhoyili yocingo iphikisana nokugeleza kagesi. Kodwa impedance okukhiphayo ? Kungani i-amplifier noma i-preamp ingenayo impedance ekuphumeni kwayo, ngazibuza? Ngeke yini ifune ukuletha yonke i- volt engenzeka futhi ihambise kunoma ikuphi ukushayela?
Ezingxoxweni zami nabafundi nabathandekayo phakathi neminyaka, ngiye ngabona ukuthi akuyena owedwa ongazange athole yonke imibono yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemikhiqizo. Ngakho ngacabanga ukuthi kuyoba kuhle ukwenza umbukiso kule ndaba. Kulesi sihloko, ngizobhekana nezimo ezintathu ezivamile nezihluke kakhulu: ama-preamps, amps kanye ne-headphone amps.
Okokuqala, ake siphinde sifinyelele kancane umqondo we- impedance . Ukuphikiswa yizinga lapho okunye okuvimbela ukugeleza kwe-DC kagesi. Impedance ngokuyisisekelo into efanayo, kodwa nge-AC esikhundleni se-DC. Ngokujwayelekile, impedance yento izashintsha njengoba imvamisa yesignali kagesi ishintsha. Isibonelo, ikhoyili encane yocingo izoba cishe i-impedance e-1 Hz kodwa impedance ephezulu ku-100 kHz. I-capacitor ingaba ne-impedance encane engapheli ku-1 Hz kodwa cishe ayikho impedance engama-100 kHz.
Impedance ye-Output yinani le-impedance phakathi kwama-preamp noma ama-amplifier okukhipha amadivayisi (ngokuvamile ama-transistors, kodwa mhlawumbe i-transformer noma ithubhu) kanye nama-terminals okwenziwe okwenziwe yi-component. Lokhu kuhlanganisa impedance yangaphakathi yedivayisi uqobo.
Kungani Ufuna Ukukhishwa Kwempahla?
Ngakho kungani ingxenye ingaba nempumelelo yokuphuma? Ngokuyinhloko, ukuyivikela ngokumelene nomonakalo kusuka ezikhathini ezifushane.
Noma iyiphi idivayisi yokukhipha iphelelwe inani lemanje kagesi engayisingatha. Uma ukukhishwa kwedivayisi kuphelelwe yisikhathi, kuceliwe ukuba ulethe inani elikhulu lamanje. Isibonelo, isignali ephumayo ye-2.83-volt izothuthukisa okwamanje amamitha angu-0.35 kanye no-1 watt yamandla ibe yisikhulumi esiphezulu se-8-ohm. Ayikho inkinga lapho. Kodwa uma intambo ene-0.01 ohms impedance ixhunyiwe ku-terminal output output terminals, leyo signal yesilinganiso esingu-2.83-volt izokhiqiza amamitha angu-282.7 namamitha angu-800 wamandla. Okukude kakhulu, okuningi kakhulu kunamadivayisi amaningi okukhipha angakhipha. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-amp inehlobo oluthile lokuvikela noma idivaysi, idivayisi yokukhipha izothela futhi ingase ibe nokulimala okungapheli. Futhi yebo, kungenzeka ngisho nokubamba umlilo.
Ngomunye umkhuhlane we-impedance owakhiwe kulokhu okukhiphayo, le nkampani ngokusobala inesivikelo esikhulu kuma-circuits amafushane, ngoba impedance yokuphuma ihlala isendaweni. Ngithi unekhono lekhanda le-headphone elinemikhawulo engu-30 ohms, ukushayela i-headphones yama-32-ohm, bese uvala intambo yekhanda lekhanda ngokuyibeka ngephutha ngezikhwama. Uya kusuka ekuphelelweni kwe-system yama-62 ohms kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-impedance engu-30.01 ohms, okungesiyo into enkulu kangaka. Ngokuqinisekile okuningi kakhulu ngokweqile kunokuhamba kusuka ku-8 ohms kuya ku-0.01 ohms.
Ukuthi Ukukhipha Imfucuza Kufanele Kube Ngakanani?
Umthetho ojwayelekile kakhulu wesithupha ozwakalayo wukuthi ufuna impedance yokukhiqiza ibe okungenani izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 kune-impedance yokufaka okumele kulindeleke ukuthi izondla. Ngale ndlela, impedance yokukhipha ayinayo impumelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesistimu. Uma impedance yokukhiqiza ingaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-10 impedance yokungena ezokudla, ungathola izinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlukile.
Ngamanye ama-electronics alalelwayo, i-impedance ephezulu kakhulu yokukhiqiza ingadala ukuhlunga imiphumela edala izimo ezimbi zempendulo yokuphendula imvamisa, futhi kubangele ukukhipha amandla okunciphisa. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngalezi zenzakalo, hlola izihloko zami zokuqala nezesibili mayelana nokuthi izintambo zesipikha zingathinta kanjani izinga lezwi.
Ngama-amplifiers, kunenkinga eyengeziwe. Uma i-amplifier ihambisa isikhonkwane sesipikha phambili noma emuva, ukumiswa kwesipikha kuveza isikhunta emuva endaweni yayo ephakathi. Lesi senzo sikhiqiza i-voltage ephonswa emuva ku-amplifier. (Lesi simo siyaziwa ngokuthi "i-EMF emuva" noma amandla e-electromotive abuyele emuva.) Uma impedance yomkhiqizo we-amplifier iphansi, ngokwanele iyophuthuma ngaphandle kwe-EMF yangemva futhi isebenze njenge-brake kwi-cone uma ibuya. Uma i-impedance yomkhiqizo we-amplifier iphezulu kakhulu, ngeke ikwazi ukumisa i-cone, futhi i-cone izoqhubeka ishayela emuva kuze kube yilapho ukuqhuma kuvele khona. Lokhu kudala umphumela wokukhala futhi wenze amanothi isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuba kufanele bayeke.
Ungakubona lokhu kumanothi okulinganisa izici ze-amplifiers. I-damping factor yi-impedance yokufaka isilinganiso ejwayelekile (8 ohms) ehlukaniswe impedance yokuphuma kwe-amp. Ukuphakama kwenombolo, kungcono kuncike ekunciphiseni.
Impumelelo ye-Amplifier Output
Njengoba sikhuluma ngama-amps, ake siqale ngalesi sibonelo, esiboniswe kumdwebo ngenhla. Izimpesheni zesikhulumi zivame ukulinganisa u-6 kuya ku-10 ohms, kodwa kuvamile ukuthi izikhulumi zishonele emaphethelweni athile ama-3 ohms, ngisho nama-oh oh 2 kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Uma uqhuba izikhulumi ezimbili ngokufana, njengabafaki bezifiso ngokuvamile abazenza uma bedala izinhlelo eziningi zokulalelwayo , ezithatha impedance ngesigamu, okusho ukuthi isikhulumi esithinta ama-2 ohms, sithi, i-Hz 100 manje iyadibela ku-1 ohm kuleyo mvamisa uma ihlanganiswe nesinye isikhulumi sohlobo olufanayo. Yilokho okwenzeka ngokweqile, kodwa-ke, kodwa abaklami be-amplifier kufanele baziphendule ngalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu noma bangabhekana nesigxobo esikhulu se-amps esiza ukulungiswa.
Uma sibona impedance encane yesiphakamiso esingu-1 ohm, lokho kusho ukuthi i-amp kufanele ibe nempedance yokukhipha okungekho kuka-0.1 ohm. Ngokusobala, ayikho indawo yokwengeza ngokwanele ukukhishwa kwalesi amp amp ukunikeza amadivayisi okukhipha ukuvikela kwangempela.
Ngakho-ke, i-amplifier kuzodingeka isebenze uhlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa kwesifunda. Lokhu kungaba yinto elandela umkhiqizo wamanje we-amp futhi ikhansela umkhiqizo uma ukudweba kwamanje kuphezulu kakhulu. Noma kungaba njengokulula njengendlela yokufiphaza noma i-circuit breaker emgqeni wamandla we-AC angenayo noma imigwaqo yokunikezwa kwamandla. Lezi zinqamuleli ukunikezwa kwamandla uma ukudweba kwamanje kungaphezu kwe-amp engayisingatha.
Ngokusobala, cishe zonke izibani zamandla zethuluzi zisebenzisa ama-transformers okukhiphayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko ezikhiqizayo ziyizingxube zocingo eziboshwe nxazonke zensimbi yensimbi, zine-impedance enkulu yazo, ngezinye izikhathi zibe ngu-0.5 ohm noma ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, ukulinganisa umsindo we-tube amp ku-amplifiers wakhe we-Sunfire eqinile (stateist state) (transistor), umklami owaziwayo uBob Carver wanezela "inkinobho yamanje" eyabeka ukumelana oku-1-ohm ochungechungeni ngamadivayisi okukhipha. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwaphula isilinganiso esincane semikhawulo ye-impedance yokukhiqiza esivela ngenhla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuphenduleni imvamisa yesipikha esivumelanisiwe, kodwa yilokho okutholayo ngama-tube amps amaningi futhi yilokho uCarver ayefuna ukulingisa.
02 ka-03
Ukumiswa kwe-Preamp / Source Source Output
Ngomshini wokuqala noma idivayisi (i-CD player, ibhokisi lekhebula, njll), njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo ongenhla, isimo esihlukile. Kulokhu, awunandaba namandla noma wamanje. Konke okudingayo ukudlulisela isignali yomsindo yi-voltage. Ngakho-ke, idivayisi engezansi - i-amplifier yamandla, esimweni se-preamp, noma isikhangiso, esimweni sedivayisi yomthombo - ingaba nempumelelo yokufaka impedance. Noma yikuphi okwamanje okuzayo ngokusebenzisa umugqa cishe kuvinjelwe yiyo impedance yokufaka ephezulu, kodwa i-voltage ihamba kahle nje.
Ngama-amp amps amaningi nama-preamps, impedance yokungena yama-10 kuya ku-100 kilohms ivamile. Abanjiniyela bangaya phezulu, kodwa bangathola umsindo owandayo ngaleyo ndlela. Ngokuvamile, ama-guitar amps ngokuvamile anezimpikiswano zokufaka ama-kilohms angu-250 kuya ku-1 megohm, ngoba ama-guitar kagesi ama-pickup ngokuvamile anezimpande ezivela emkhatsini we-3 kuya ku-10 kilohms.
Ama-circuits amafushane angajwayelekile ngama-circuits ezingeni le-line, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukugubha ngephutha labo abahamba phambili behamba nge-RCA ipulaki ngokumelene nensimbi esinciphisa. Ngakho-ke, imithende yemikhiqizo ye-100 ohms noma ngaphezulu ijwayelekile kuma-preamps namadivayisi omthombo. Ngiye ngabona izingxenye ezimbalwa ezingavamile, eziphezulu ekugcineni kwemikhawulo yemikhiqizo ephansi linezingeni eliphansi njenge-2 ohms, kodwa lezi zizoba nezikhwama ezinzima kakhulu zomkhiqizo noma isifunda sokuvikela ukuvimbela umonakalo kusuka ezimfushane. Kwezinye izimo, zingase zibe ne-coupling capacitor emkhathini wokuvimbela i-DC voltage futhi ivimbele ukukhishwa kwedivayisi okukhiphayo.
I-Phono preamps yinto ehlukile ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi zineziphephelo ezithengiswayo ezifana nezomdlali we-CD, impedance yabo yokungena ihluke kakhulu kulabo besikhangiso se-line-stage. Kakhulu kakhulu ukungena lapha. Mhlawumbe ngizobamba ngaleyo ndaba kwesinye isihloko.
03 ka 03
Imferensi ye-Headphone Amp ye-Headphone
Ukuqhutshwa kwezidakamizwa ezithandwayo kwe-headphone kuye kwaletha uhlelo lokuphelelwa imiphetho okungavamile, olungelona olujwayelekile lwe-headphones amps kuya endaweni yokukhanya. Ngokungafani ne-amps ezivamile, i-headphone amps ivela ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhawulo yemikhiqizo. Ama-ampps amakhono ephansi ashibhile, njengezakhiwe kuma-computer amaningi we-laptop, angase abe nomkhuhlane ophumayo ophezulu ophezulu noma angu-100 ohms, yize imiphetho yekhanda ejwayelekile isukela kuma-oh kuya ku-70 ohms.
Kuyinto engavamile kumthengi ukukhipha futhi ukuxhuma izikhulumi uma i-amp isasebenza, futhi futhi engavamile ukuba izinkomba zesikhulumi zimele zilimale uma i-amp isasebenza. Kodwa nge-headphones, lezi zinto zenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abantu baxhuma njalo noma banqamule i-headphone uma i-headphone amp isasebenza. Izintambo zemisindo zivame ukulimala - ngezinye izikhathi zidala isifunda esifushane - ngenkathi zisetshenziswa. Yiqiniso, ama-amps amaningi e-headphone angamadivayisi aphansi, angenza ukwengeza izindleko zokuvikela ezihloniphekile-ezivimbela. Ngakho abakhiqizi abaningi bathatha indlela elula: Bakhulisa impedance yomkhiqizo we-amplifier ngokungeza ukumelana (noma ngezikhathi ezithile i-capacitor).
Njengoba ungabona emakhonweni ami ekhanda lekhanda (wehla kwesigcafu sesibili), impedance ephezulu yokukhipha ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kumpendulo yemvamisa yengqikithi. Ngilinganisela impendulo yemvamisa yengqungquthela yokuqala nge-Musical Fidelity headphone amp ephethe impedance ye-5-ohm, futhi futhi nge-70 ohms engeziwe yokumelana okungeziwe ukwakha imiphetho engu-75 ohms.
Umphumela wokuthi i-impedance ephezulu yokukhishwa kuyoba ne-impedance yekhanda elixhunyiwe, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokushintsha kwe-impedance yemenenja yekhanda kuma-frequencies ahlukene. Ama-headphone ane-impedance enkulu ephendukayo - njengamakholi amaningi asezindlebeni ezinezilinganiso ezihamba kahle-ngokuvamile azokhombisa izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphenduleni imvamisa uma ushintsha kusuka ku-amp nge-impedance ephansi yokukhipha komunye onomgogodla ophezulu wokukhipha. Ngokuvamile, i-headphone ene-tonal balance balance sounding uma isetshenziselwa umthombo ophansi-impedance izoba ibhalansi ye-bassy, ephikisayo-ezwakalayo lapho isetshenziswe umthombo ophezulu we-impedance.
Ngenhlanhla, impedance encane yokukhipha iyatholakala kuma-amps amaningi asekhanda eliphezulu (ikakhulukazi amamodeli wombuso oqinile), ngisho namanye amakhonsathi amancane ekhanda eliphezulu akhiwe kumadivayisi afana ne-iPhones. Ngokuvamile akukho indlela yokukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe i-headphone ikhonjiswe kanjani ukuze isetshenziswe ngemikhawulo ephakeme noma ephansi yokukhipha, kepha ngithanda ukunamathela emiphumeleni ephansi yokukhishwa ngenxa yezizathu ezishiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko.
Ngingathanda ukungazisebenzisi i-headphones ene-impedance enkulu ephendukayo engayenza izinguquko zempendulo yemvamisa uma isetshenziswe nge-headphone amps enemiphetho ephezulu yokuphuma (njengaleyo ephathekayo engiyibhala ngalokhu). Ngeshwa Nokho, ngivame ukukhetha umsindo wekhanda elihle elisezingeni elilinganiselayo elisezingeni eliphezulu kulowo osebenzisa abashayeli abathintekayo, ngakho-ke uma ngisebenzisa lezi zekhanda nge laptop yami, ngivame ukuxhuma amandla angaphandle noma i-headphones ye-USB amp / DAC.
Ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu kuye kwaba yinkomba ende, kodwa impedance yomkhiqizo yisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi. Siyabonga ngokuthwala nami, futhi uma unemibuzo noma uma ngishiya okuthile, ngithumelele i-imeyili futhi ngitshele.