Amakhomphyutha awawatholi kodwa ahlakaniphile nsuku zonke
Ngendlela elula, ukufundwa komshini (ML) kuyimishini yemishini (computer) ukuze isebenze umsebenzi oceliwe ngokusebenzisa nokuhlaziya idatha (ulwazi) ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokufaka okungeziwe okuvela kumthuthukisi womuntu.
Ukufunda komshini 101
Igama elithi "ukufundwa komshini" lahlanganiswa kuma-IBM labakwa-IBR ngo-1959 ngu-Arthur Samuel, iphayona elisebenza ngobuhlakani (AI) nokudlala kwekhompyutha. Ukufunda komshini, ngenxa yalokho, kuyigatsha le-Intelligence Intelligence. Isisekelo sikaSamuel kwakuwukuthi flip imodeli ye-computing yesikhathi esibheke phansi bese uyeka ukunikeza amakhompyutha izinto okufanele zifunde.
Esikhundleni salokho, wayefuna amakhompiyutha aqale ukuzicabangela izinto ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokuba abantu bafaka ngisho nocezu oluncane kakhulu lwolwazi. Khona-ke, wacabanga ukuthi amakhompiyutha ngeke asebenze kuphela kodwa angaqeda ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi yokwenza nokuthi nini. Kungani? Ngakho amakhompyutha anganciphisa inani lomsebenzi abantu abadinga ukuwenza kunoma iyiphi indawo enikeziwe.
Indlela Ukufunda Kokusebenza Kanjani
Ukufunda komshini kusebenza ngokusetshenziswa kwe-algorithms nedatha. I-algorithm iyisethi yemiyalelo noma iziqondiso ezitshela ikhompyutha noma uhlelo ukuthi ungayenza kanjani umsebenzi. Ama-algorithms asetshenziswe ku-ML aqoqa idatha, aqaphe amaphethini, futhi asebenzise ukuhlaziywa kwalowo datha ukuvumelanisa nezinhlelo zawo nemisebenzi ukuqedela imisebenzi.
I-algorithms ye-ML isebenzisa izintambo zokubusa, izihlahla zesinqumo, amamodeli wezobuciko, ukucubungula kolimi lwemvelo, namanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi we-neural (ukubiza abambalwa) ukuzenzekelayo ukucubungula idatha ukwenza izinqumo nokwenza imisebenzi. Ngenkathi i-ML ingaba isihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, Umshini Wokufundiswa we-Google inikeza izandla ezenziwe lula ngokubonisa ukuthi i-ML isebenza kanjani.
Indlela enamandla kakhulu yokufunda imishini esetshenziswa namuhla, ebizwa ngokuthi ukufunda okujulile , yakha isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semathempeli esibizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi ye-neural, esekelwe emininingwaneni eningi yedatha. Amanethiwekhi e-Neural amaqoqo okulungiswa kwe-ML ne-AI ahlotshaniswa ngemuva kwamangqamuzana omjovo ebuchosheni bomuntu nolwazi lwenqubo yesistimu.
Intelligence Intuthuko vs. Ukufunda Machine vs. Data Mining
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwe-AI, i-ML, nokumbiwa kwedatha, kuyasiza ukucabanga ngesethi sezambulela ezihlukahlukene. I-A yisona isambulela esikhulu kunazo zonke. Isambulela se-ML isayizi encane futhi ifanelana ngaphansi kwesambulela se-AI. Isambulela semayini ye-mining iyona encane futhi ifanelana ngaphansi kwesambulela se-ML.
- I-A iyigatsha le-computer yesayensi ehlose ukuhlela amakhompiyutha ukwenza imisebenzi ngezinye izindlela "ezihlakaniphile" nezindlela "ezifana nabantu," usebenzisa ukucabanga nokusebenzisa izinqumo ezilandelwa ngemuva kokuhlakanipha komuntu.
- I-ML isigaba se-computing ngaphakathi kwe-AI egxile kwimishini yokuhlela (amakhompiyutha) ukuze ufunde (hlanganisa idatha edingekayo noma izibonelo) ukuze wenze idatha eqhutshwa, izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngendlela ehamba phambili.
- Imayini yemininingwane isebenzisa izibalo, i-ML, i-AI, nolwazi olubanzi lwemininingwane yolwazi ukuthola amaphethini, ukunikeza ulwazi, ukudala izigaba, ukukhomba izinkinga, nokuletha imininingwane ephelele yedatha.
Imuphi Umshini Wokufunda Ongakwenza (futhi Usenayo kakade)
Umthamo wamakhompiyutha ukuhlaziya ulwazi oluningi emaqenjini wesibili kwenza i-ML isebenziseke ezimbonini ezimbalwa lapho isikhathi nokunemba kubalulekile.
- Imithi: Ubuchwepheshe be-ML busetshenziselwa izixazululo eziningi zezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, kubandakanya ukusiza odokotela baseMnyango ophuthumayo ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kweziguli ezinezimpawu ezingavamile. Odokotela bangafaka uhlu lwezibonakaliso zesiguli ohlelweni besebenzisa i-ML, lolu hlelo lungadla izigidigidi zama-terabytes kolwazi oluvela ezincwadini zezokwelapha kanye ne-intanethi ukubuyisela uhlu lwezifo ezingase zihlolwe futhi kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa noma ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokurekhoda.
- Imfundo: I- ML isetshenziselwa ukwakha amathuluzi ezemfundo azivumelanisa nezidingo zokufunda zomfundi, ezifana nabasizi bokufunda abancane kanye nezincwadi zamakhompyutha ezisebenzisana kakhulu. Lawa mathuluzi asebenzisa i-ML ukuze athole ukuthi yimiphi imibono namakhono umfundi aziqonda usebenzisa imibuzo emifushane nokuzivocavoca. Amathuluzi ahlinzeka ngamavidiyo ambalwa, izibonelo ezengeziwe, kanye nemininingwane yasemuva ukusiza umfundi ukuba afunde amakhono adingekayo noma imibono.
- Izithuthi: I- ML iyisici esiyinhloko emkhakheni okhulayo wezimoto zokuzishayela (okubizwa nangokuthi izimoto ezingaphansi kwezimoto noma izimoto ezizimele). Isofthiwe eqhuba izimoto zokuzishayela isebenzisa i-ML phakathi kokubili ukuhlolwa komgwaqo wangempela kanye nokulinganisa ukuze kutholakale izimo zomgwaqo (njengemigwaqo ebanzi) noma ukukhomba izithiyo emgwaqweni futhi ufunde imisebenzi efanele yokushayela ukuze uhambe ngokushelelayo ngezimo ezinjalo.
Cishe usuvele uhlangabezane neML kaningi ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ezinye zezinto ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-ML zihlanganisa ukuqashelwa kwenkulumo okusebenzayo (i- Samsung's Bixby , i-Apple Siri , kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zokukhuluma-kuya manje ezijwayelekile kuma-PC), ukuhlunga ugaxekile kwe-imeyili yakho, ukwakha izindaba zezindaba, ukuthola ukukhwabanisa, ukuzenzela izincomo zezitolo, nokuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yokusesha ye-web esebenzayo.
I-ML ibandakanyeka nokudla kwakho kwe- Facebook . Uma uthanda noma uchofoze kokuthunyelwe komngane njalo, izilungiswa kanye ne-ML ngemuva kwezithombe "funda" ezenzweni zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukubeka phambili abanye abangane noma amakhasi ku-Newsfeed yakho.
Imuphi Umshini Wokufunda Ungakwazi & # 39;
Noma kunjalo, kunemingcele kulokho okungenziwa yi-ML. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-ML ezimbonini ezahlukene kudinga inani elibalulekile lokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlelwa yizinhlelo zabantu ngokukhethekile uhlelo noma uhlelo lwezinhlobo zemisebenzi edingekayo yile mboni. Ngokwesibonelo, esibonelweni sethu sezokwelapha ngenhla, isimiso se-ML esasetshenziselwa umnyango ophuthumayo sakhiwe ngokuqondile ngemithi yabantu. Okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukuthatha lolu hlelo ngqo futhi luqalise ngokuqondile esikhungweni esiphuthumayo sezilwane. Ukuguquka okunjalo kudinga ukuhlaziywa okubanzi nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi bezinhlelo zabantu ukudala inguqulo ekwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngemithi yezilwane noma yezilwane.
Kudinga futhi idatha enkulu kakhulu kanye nezibonelo 'zokufunda' ulwazi oludinga ukwenza izinqumo nokwenza imisebenzi. Izinhlelo ze-ML nazo zikhona ngempela ekuchazeni idatha futhi zilwa nomfanekiso kanye nezinye izinhlobo zobudlelwane phakathi kwemiphumela yedatha, njengokubangela nemiphumela.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, noma kunjalo, okwenza ubuchwepheshe be-ML bube ngaphezu kokudala amakhompyutha anamandla nsuku zonke.