Kungani i-smartphone yakho ifana ne-R2-D2 kune-Terminator
Mfushane ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo, I-A yisayensi yokudala izinhlelo ze-computer ezihlakaniphile nemishini ngomzamo wokulinganisa amazinga abantu ohlakaniphile.
I-intelligence yokufakelwa (okwamanje ibhalwa njenge-A kulesi sihloko) futhi i-computing ayixhunyiwe ngokungaxhunyiwe futhi ngabe uyayibona yini noma cha, i-AI idlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngokweqiniso, ingaphansi kwe-HAL 9000 ne- iPhone X ngaphezulu. Nansi i-rundown emfushane lapho i-AI ivela khona, lapho ikhona namuhla, nalapho ihamba khona esikhathini esizayo.
Umlando Wokuhlakanipha Okusebenzayo
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-computer phakathi nekhulu le-20 leminyaka, i-AI ibilokhu ingaphezulu kwengqondo kwabaningi besayensi bekhompyutha; lesi siyalo sichazwe futhi senziwa eDartmouth College ngo-1956. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, imboni yabona ukuxhaswa kwemali futhi kubonakala sengathi ukuhlakanipha kwengqondo kwabantu basezingeni eliphezulu bekusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ama-AI asekuqaleni asemsebenzini wokuxazulula amakhanda, ukukhuluma ngemisho elula, kanye namarobhothi ahamba phambili.
Kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-20, isithembiso sokuhlakanipha kobuntu oseduze sasingakafiki. Amandla amakhomikhali amancane enza imisebenzi eminingi enzima engenakwenzeka futhi njengoba ukusekelwa komphakathi kwaqala ukuzamazama, kanjalo nokuxhasa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abacwaningi base bethembisa futhi bangaphasi, okwenqabela abatshalizimali.
I-boom yesibili kuma-80s yabona ukuphakama kwama-computer angenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kweqoqo lezinkinga ngaphambilini. Futhi namanje la ma-AI ayeyisimungulu. Babengenayo imisebenzi ewusizo, ngakho-ke imboni yabhekana nezinye izinto eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Khona-ke, isigaba esisha se-intelligence yokufakelwa saqala ukuvela: Ukufunda komshini, lapho amakhompiyutha afunda futhi athuthuke ekuhlangenwe nakho esikhundleni sokudinga ukuhlelwa ngokuqondile ngomsebenzi. Ngo-1997, ngenxa yokufunda komshini wokuhlakanipha, i-supercomputer ishaya umuntu ophikisayo okokuqala futhi eminyakeni engu-14 kamuva, ikhompiyutha okuthiwa uWatson yanqoba abancintisana ababili emiphakathini engozini!
Ekuqaleni kuka-2000s kuze kube namuhla kuye kwaba uphawu lwamanzi aphakeme ekuhlakanipheni okufakelwayo. Amanye ama-subset we-intelligence okufakelwayo avele, kufaka phakathi imininingo yedatha , amanethiwekhi we-neural nokufunda okujulile. Ngamakhompiyutha asheshayo akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, i-A ibone ukubuyiswa okukhulu futhi ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke, okuthinta konke kusuka ku-drive yakho ukuya emsebenzini kuya ekati yegaki owabelana ngayo nomama wakho.
I-A Manje
Namuhla, ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo kutholile izicelo ezingenamkhawulo. Ucwaningo lugxile cishe nganoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa ama-robot, izimoto ezizimele, ngisho ne-drones ziphakathi kwaziwa kakhulu.
Ukulinganisa kanye nemvelo eyenziwe yiyona enye indawo ezuzile ekukhuleni kwamandla we-computing. Ngempela, iminye imidlalo yemidlalo ye-video isiyinkimbinkimbi futhi inengqondo yokuthi iholele abanye ukuba babhale ukuthi kufanele siphila ekusebenziseni ikhompyutha.
Okokugcina, ukufunda ulimi kungenye yezinhlelo ze-A ezikhuthele futhi ezinzima ezisetshenziswa namhlanje. Ngokuqinisekile, i-Siri ingaphendula kumbuzo ngempendulo ehlelwe ngaphambilini, kodwa uhlobo lwezingxoxo ozibonayo ku-Interstellar phakathi kuka-TARS no-Matthew McConaughey uhlamvu lwakhe kuseyizindlela zokuphuma.
I-AI ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke
Izihlungi zogaxekile ze-imeyili - Uma uzibuza ukuthi kungani ungaboni ama-imeyili avela ezikhulwini zaseNigeria, ungabonga ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo. Izihlungi zogaxekile manje zisebenzisa i-AI ukuqaphela futhi zifunde ukuthi yiziphi i-imeyili ezingokoqobo nokuthi ziyiphi ogaxekile. Futhi njengoba lezi zi-AI zifunda, ziyathuthukisa - ngo-2012, i-Google ithi ihlonze amaphesenti angu-99 e-spam e-imeyili futhi ngo-2015, leso sibalo savuselelwa ku-99.9%.
Isheke leselula leselula - Kungakanani ukuthi ifoni yakho ingakwazi ukufunda nokufaka isheke-ngisho neyodwa ngesandla? Uyaziqagela - I-AI. Ukufunda ngesandla kubalulekile kube yinkinga yezinhlelo ze-AI, kodwa manje sekuyindawo evamile. Manje ungabona ngisho nokuhumusha okubukhoma kombhalo usebenzisa ikhamera yakho ye-smartphone nge-Google Translate.
Ukumaka isithombe se-Facebook - Ukubonwa ebusweni sekuyisikhathi eside kube indaba ejwayelekile kuma-spy movie, kepha izwe lilayisha izigidigidi zezithombe zobuso ku-inthanethi nsuku zonke, manje sekuyiqiniso. Njalo uma i-Facebook ibona futhi iphakamisa ukuthi umaka umngane esithombeni, lokho kungukuhlakanipha kwengqondo okusebenzayo kanzima emsebenzini.
Yini esitolo ye-AI yekusasa?
Ngesikhathi ama-movie afana neThe Terminator ne- The Matrix aqinisekise abanye abantu ukuthi mhlawumbe akufanele sifundise amakhompiyutha ukuthi bacabangani, abacwaningi bagxile ekudaleni i-C3POs ne-WALL-Es. I-AI ewusizo njengezimoto ezingashayeli, ama-smartphone namakhaya okubikezela zonke izidingo zakho, futhi ngisho namarobhothi athengisa ukudla konke okusemakhoneni.
Futhi njengoba siphumelela phambili ezinyangeni, ama-robot alawulwa yi-AI ayoba usizo ekuhloleni izwe elibi kakhulu kubantu.
Abanye ochwepheshe abanjengo-Elon Musk baxwayisa ukuthi i-A ehamba phambili inikeza izingozi ezinkulu nezinkinga ezifana namarobhothi athatha cishe umsebenzi wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi labo abenza ukukhiqiza, okuye kakade babona ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi okukhulu ngenxa yokuzenzekelayo. Noma kunjalo, inqubekela phambili ku-AI iyahamba, ngisho noma singaqiniseki ukuthi ihambaphi.