Inqubo yokuhumusha idlala indima ebalulekile kumjikelezo wezithombe zokuthuthukisa ihluzo . Ngeke singene ekujuleni okukhulu lapha, kodwa akukho ingxoxo yepayipi le-CG elizoqedwa ngaphandle okungenani ukukhuluma ngamathuluzi nezindlela zokunikeza izithombe ze-3D.
Njengokuthuthukisa ifilimu
Ukunikezwa kuyisici esibucayi kakhulu sokukhiqiza kwe-3D, kodwa kungase kuqondwe kalula kumongo wesimo sokufanisa: Njengomuntu odweba ifilimu kufanele ahlakulele futhi ashicilele izithombe zakhe ngaphambi kokuba aboniswe, abaqeqeshiwe bekhompiyutha bekhompuyutha banzima okufanayo isidingo.
Uma umculi esebenza endaweni yesehlakalo se-3D , amamodeli ayisebenzisayo empeleni ukumelela ngezibalo zamaphoyinti nezindawo (ikakhulukazi, ama-vertices kanye nama-polygons) esikhala sesithathu.
Igama elihunyushwe libhekisela ekubaleni okwenziwe nge- 3D software iphakheji yenjini ye-software ukuhumusha isiteyimu ukusuka esilinganisweni sembalo kuya kwesithombe se-2D esiphelile. Phakathi nenkambiso, yonke indawo yesehlakalo sendawo, imiyalezo yombhalo kanye nokukhanyisa ihlangene ukuze inqume inani lemibala yephikseli ngayinye esithombeni esicwebile.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuletha
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zokunikeza, umehluko wabo omkhulu yijubane lapho izithombe zibalwa khona futhi ziqedile.
- Ukunikezwa kwe-Real-Time: Ukunikezwa Kwe- Real-Time kusetshenziswe kakhulu kwihluzo zokudlala nokusebenzisana, lapho izithombe kufanele zibalwa kusukela kolwazi lwe-3D ngezinga elisheshayo elisheshayo.
- Ukusebenzisana: Ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela kahle ukuthi umdlali uzosebenzisana kanjani nemvelo yemidlalo, izithombe kufanele zihunyushwe "ngesikhathi sangempela" njengoba isenzo siqhubeka.
- Izindaba Zezivinini: Ukuze uhambo luvele luketshezi, ubuncane bamafremu angu-18 kuya kwangu-20 ngomzuzwana kumele kukhishwe esikrinini. Noma yini engaphansi kwalokhu nesenzo sizovela i-choppy.
- Izindlela: Ukunikezelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukiswa kakhulu yi- graphics hardware ezinikezele (GPUs), nangaphambi kokuhlanganisa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ulwazi oluningi lokukhanyisa kwendawo yemidlalo luhlelwe ngaphambilini futhi "lubhaka" ngokuqondile emafayeleni okuthungwa kwemvelo ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokunikeza.
- Okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi noma oku-Pre-Rendering: Ukunikezwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kusetshenziselwa izimo lapho isivinini singaphansi kwenkinga, ngokubala ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-CPU amaningi angaphezu kwe-hardware eyayizinikezele.
- Ukubikezela: Ukunikezwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kubonakala kaningi emidlalweni nemiphumela lapho kusebenza khona ukubonakala okubukekayo nokubukwa kwe-photorealism kumgangatho ophakeme kakhulu. Njengoba kungekho okungaqiniseki ngokuqondene nalokho okuzovela esihlalweni ngasinye, ama-studios amakhulu awaziwa ngokuzinikezela amahora angu-90 azinikeze isikhathi sokuzimela ngabanye.
- I-Photorealism: Ngenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvala isikhathi esivulekile, amazinga aphakeme wokufakela isithombe angaphumelela kunokuba ahlinzeke ngesikhathi sangempela. Abalingiswa, izindawo, nezindlela zabo ezihambisanayo nezibani ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukubala okuphezulu kwe-polygon, kanye no-4k (noma ngaphezulu) ukulungiswa kwamafayili amafomethi.
Izindlela zokunikeza
Kunamasu amathathu amakhulu okusebenzisa i-computational asetshenziselwa ukunikeza okuningi. Ngamunye unezinzuzo nezinzuzo zakhe, okwenza zonke izinketho ezintathu ezinokusebenza ezimweni ezithile.
- I-Scanline (noma i-rasterization): Ukunikezwa kwe-scanline kusetshenziswe uma isivinini kuyisidingo, okwenza kube yindlela yokuzikhethela ukunikeza isikhathi sangempela kanye nehluzo ezisebenzisanayo. Esikhundleni sokunikeza i-pixel-by-pixel yesithombe, ama-scanline renderers aqoqa nge-polygon nge-polygon. Amasu we-Scanline asetshenziselwa ngokubambisana nokukhanyisa kwangaphambili (kubhaka) angaphumelela ngesivinini samafremu angu-60 ngomzuzwana noma okungcono kumakhadikhadi aphezulu ekupheleni.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Raytracing: Ku-raytracing, kuwo onke ama-pixel esiteshini, ukukhanya okukodwa (noma ngaphezulu) okulandelwa kukho ikhamera kuya ku-3D into eseduze. I-ray ekhanyayo idluliselwa ngenani elibekiwe le "bounces", elingabandakanya ukucabangela noma ukugxeka kuye ngokuthi izinto ezenzakalweni ze-3D. Umbala we-pixel ngayinye uhlolwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni ukukhanya kwe-ray nezinto ezintweni zalo. Ukukhishwa kwe-Raytracing kunamandla okuba ngaphezulu kwe-photorealism kune-scanline kodwa ihamba kancane kancane.
- Ukungafani: Ukungafani ne-raytracing, ukukhanya kubalwa kubhekene nekhamera, futhi kubheka phezulu kunokuba i-pixel-by-pixel. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wobungqingili ukufanisa ngokunembile umbala wombala ngokubheka ukukhanya okungekho ngqo (ukukhanya okukhanyayo). Ubuhle buvame ukubonakala ngezithunzi ezithambile ezithweswa iziqu kanye nokuphuma kwambala, lapho ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni ezinemibala ekhanyayo "kuphuma" ezindaweni ezikude.
- Ngokwenza njalo, ukukhishwa kwemisakazo kanye ne-raytracing kuvamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela, ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo zesistimu ngayinye ukufeza amazinga ahlabayo we-photorealism.
Ukunikeza Software
Nakuba kunikezwa ukuthembela ekubalweni okunamandla okunamandla, isofthiwe yanamuhla inikeza lula ukuqonda imingcele eyenza ukuthi umculi akakaze ahlangabezane nezibalo ezisemqoka. I-injini yokuhlinzeka ihlanganiswe nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ze-3D, futhi iningi lazo zifaka amaphakheji wezinto ezibonakalayo nokukhanyisa okwenza kube khona ukufeza amazinga amangalisayo wokufakela isithombe.
Izinjini ezimbili ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Ray mental - Ifakwe nge-Autodesk Maya. I-Ray ye-Mental iyingqayizivele eguquguqukayo, ngokusheshisa, futhi mhlawumbe i-renderer enekhono kakhulu yezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ezidinga ukuhlakazeka kwe-subsurface. I-ray yengqondo isebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-raytracing kanye "nokukhanyisa umhlaba jikelele" (ukukhanya).
- V-Ray - Ngokujwayelekile ubona i-V-Ray esetshenziselwa ngokuhlanganyela ne-3DS Max-ndawonye lo mbhangqwana awunakulinganiswa ngokubukeka kwezakhiwo nokuhlinzeka kwemvelo. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-VRay ngaphezu komncintiswano wayo yizixhobo zalo zokukhanyisa kanye nomtapo wolwazi olunzulu lwe-arch-viz.
Ukunikezwa kuyinkinga yobuchwepheshe, kepha kungaba mnandi ngempela uma uqala ukubuka ngokujulile ezinye zezindlela ezivamile.