I-Anatomy ye-3D Model
Amamodeli we-3D angenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokwakha zehluzo ze-3D. Ngaphandle kwabo,? Ngeke kube khona izithombe zekhompyutha-ayikho indaba ye-Toy , akukho Wall-E , ayikho i-green ogre enkulu.
Ngeke kube khona imidlalo ye-3D, okusho ukuthi asikaze sihlole i-Hyrule ku- Ocarina ye-Time , futhi uMphathi oyiNhloko wayengakaze ku-Halo. Ngeke kube khona ama-movie e- Transformers (okungenani indlela esibaziyo ngayo namuhla), futhi izimakethe zezimoto azikwazanga ukubukeka okufana nale.
Yonke into, umlingiswa, kanye nemvelo, kuzo zonke i-movie ye-animated movie noma i-3D video game, inamamodeli we-3D. Ngakho yebo, zibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni we-CG.
Iyini i-3D Model?
I-3D Model imidwebo yezibalo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithathu (lwangempela noma olucatshangwayo) endaweni yesofthiwe ye-3D. Ngokungafani nesithombe se-2D, amamodeli we-3D angabonwa ku-suites ezikhethekile zesofthiwe kusuka kunoma yikuphi ukuma, futhi angahlelwa, aguquke, noma aguqule ngokukhululekile. Inqubo yokudala nokwakha imodeli ye-3D ibizwa ngokuthi i-3d modeling.
Izinhlobo zamaModeli we-3D
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezithombe ze-3D ezisetshenziselwa imbonini yefilimu nemidlalo, umehluko obonakala kunazo zonke ukhona endleleni adala ngayo futhi asebenziselwe (kukhona umehluko ematheksthini aphansi, kodwa lokho akubalulekile nakakhulu ekupheleni -user).
- I-NURBS Ingqikithi: I-B-spline engaqondakali efana ne-B-spline, noma indawo ye-NURBS iyimodeli ebusayo ebusweni eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-currents Bezier (njenge-3D version ye-MS Paint ipeni yamathuluzi). Ukwakha ubuso be-NURBS, umculi udonsela ama-curve amabili noma ngaphezulu endaweni ye-3D, engasetshenziswa ngokuphatha okuhambayo okubizwa ngokuthi ama-vertices (ama-CVs) okuhambisana ne-x, y, noma i-axis.
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lwesofthiwe luchaza isikhala esiphakathi kwamagundane bese kudala umshini obushelelezi phakathi kwabo. Izakhiwo ze-NURBS zinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokucacisa izibalo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufanekisela ubunjiniyela kanye nomklamo wezimoto. ???
- I-Polygonal Model: Amamodeli we-polygon noma "meshes" njengoba ebizwa njalo, iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-3D imodeli etholakala embonini yefilimu, ifilimu, nemidlalo, futhi iyoba uhlobo oluthile esizogxila kulo konke okushiwo.
Izingxenye zesibonelo sePolygon
- Ubuso: Isici esichazayo se-polygonal imodeli yukuthi (ngokungafani ne-NURBS Surfaces) izilinganiso ze-polygonal zihlangene, okusho ukuthi indawo yesimo se-3D inamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zobuso be-geometri.
Ngokuhleleka kahle, ama-polgoni angamahlangothi amane (ama- quads -okujwayelekile kumlingisi / ukuhlelwa kwemvelo) noma emaceleni amathathu (ama- tris asetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ekufaniseni imidwebo yemidlalo). Abalingisi abalungile balwela ukusebenza kahle nokuhleleka, bezama ukugcina izibalo ze-polygon njengento encane ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo esihlosiwe.
Inombolo yamapoloni angama- poly-count , kuthiwa yi- poly-count , kanti isibalo se- polygon sibizwa ngokuthi isinqumo . Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu ze-3D zinezixazululo eziphezulu? lapho kuningi imininingwane edingekayo - njengezandla noma ubuso bomlingiswa, nesinqumo esincane ezindaweni eziphansi zedatha. Ngokujwayelekile, ukuphakama okuphelele kwesimodeli, kukhanyela kuzovela ekuhumusheni kokugcina. Izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphansi zibukeka i-boxy (khumbula i- Mario 64 ?).
- Emaphethelweni: Kunqenqemeni kunoma yikuphi iphuzu ebusweni be-3D model lapho ubuso obubili be-polygonal buhlangana khona.
- Ama-Vertices: Iphuzu lesiphambano phakathi kwamaphethelo amathathu noma ngaphezulu kuthiwa i-vertex (ama- pl. Vertices ). Ukukhishwa kwama-vertic ku-x, y, ne-z-axis (okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxoshwa nokudonsa ama-verts" ngokushelelayo) yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwakha umxube we-polygonal ekugcineni kwendlela yokugcina imodeli njengeMaya, i-3Ds Max, njll. . (Izindlela zihluke kakhulu ekudaluleni izinhlelo ezifana ne-ZBrush noma i-Mudbox.)
Amamodeli we-polygon afana kakhulu namajamo wejomethri owake wawafunda esikoleni esiphakathi. Njenge-cube ye-geometric eyisisekelo, izinhlobo ze-3D polygonal ziqukethe ubuso, emaphethelweni, kanye nama-vertices .
Eqinisweni, izinhlobonhlobo ze-3D eziyinkimbinkimbi ziqala njengendlela elula yejometri, njenge-cube, i-sphere, noma i-cylinder. Lezi zakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-3D zibizwa ngokuthi yizinto eziyinhloko . Ama-primitives angahle ahlelwe, ahlotshwe futhi aqondiswe kunoma iyiphi into umculi ozama ukuyidala (njengokungathi singathanda ukungena emininingwaneni, sizomboza inqubo ye-modeling ye-3D kusihloko esihlukile).
Kukhona ingxenye eyodwa yezithombe ze-3D ezizodinga ukubhekana nazo:
Ama-Textures nama-Shaders
Ngaphandle kwemidwebo nama-shaders, imodeli ye-3D ngeke ibonakale iningi. Empeleni, ngeke ukwazi ukukubona nhlobo. Nakuba ama-texture nama-shaders awenzi lutho ngokuma kwe-model ye-3D, banakho konke okwenziwe ngokubukeka kwayo okubonakalayo.
- Amasheya: I-shader iyisethi yemiyalelo esetshenziselwa imodeli ye-3D evumela ikhompiyutha ukuthi ikwazi ukuboniswa kanjani. Nakuba ama-shading amanethiwekhi angabhaliswa ngesandla, amaphakheji amaningi e- 3D anamathuluzi avumela umculi ukuba acindezele imingcele ye-shader kalula. Ukusebenzisa lawa mathuluzi, lo mculi angakwazi ukulawula indlela ubuso besimodeli kuhambelana ngayo nokukhanya, kufaka phakathi i-opacity, reflectivity, ukugqamisa okucacile (ukugcoba) kanye nabanye abaningi.
- Ama-Textures: Ama- textures nawo anikezela kakhulu ekubukeni kombukiso wombukiso. Ama-textures amafayela wesithombe amabili-ntathu angahle ahlolwe kumbono wesimo se-3D ngokusebenzisa inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukudweba imephu . I-Textures ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kusuka kumbala webala obala webala kuze kufike imininingwane ephelele ye-photorealistic.
Ukubhala nge-text and shading kuyisici esibalulekile sephayiphi yekhompiyutha yekhompiyutha , futhi ukubhala kahle ngokubhala amanethiwekhi omthunzi noma ukuthuthukisa amabalazwe okuthungwa kuyisipesheli ngokwakho. Ama-texture nama-artists abafisa kakhulu asisiza kakhulu ekubukeni jikelele kwefilimu noma isithombe njengabafanisi noma ama-animators.
Uyenzile!
Ngithemba, okwamanje, uyazi okuningi mayelana namamodeli we-3D nezici zawo eziyinhloko. Ngaphakathi kwawo, amamodeli we-3D alula nje ukubunjwa kwejometri namakhulu ezincane zobuso be-polygonal. Ngenkathi, akungabazeki ukuthi ujabule ukufunda ngezibonelo ze-3D, kungcono nakakhulu ukuzenza ngokwakho.