Esihlokweni esandulele, sethule amasu ayisikhombisa okuyisisekelo e-3D asetshenziselwa imboni yamakhompiyutha yanamuhla. Ngesikhathi sibhala leso sihloko, saqaphela ukuthi izingxenye ebhokisini kanye nemikhawulo yezintambo zaziqala isikhathi eside kunalokho esikuhlosile.
Ekugcineni, sinqume ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuphula iningi lalo lwazi ku-athikili ehlukile. Kulesi siqeshana, sizogxila kwamanye amathuluzi nezinqubo ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukufanisa nge-polygonal 3D.
Ku- modeling ye-polygonal , umculi udala ukumelwa kwedijithali yento ye-3D enezingqimba zejometri ezakhiwe ubuso, emaphethelweni, nasemaceleni . Izimo ngokuvamile ziyi-quadrilateral noma i-triangular, futhi zakha ubuso be-3D model. Ngokusebenzisa amasu alandelayo, i-modeler iguqula ngokuzenzakalelayo imifino ye-3D yokuqala (ngokuvamile i-cube, isilinda noma i-sphere) ibe yindlela ephelele ye-3D:
01 ngo-04
I-Extrusion
I-Extrusion iyindlela yokwengeza i-geometry kwipolonidi eyimfihlo, futhi enye yamathuluzi oyinhloko oyisibonelo esetshenziswayo ukuqala ukudala imeshini.
Ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion i-modeler isebenzisa i-mesh ye-3D ngokuziqhayisa ubuso ngokwayo (ukudala indentation), noma ngokuxosha ubuso ngaphandle kwendawo ejwayelekile -i-vector eqondisa ngokuqondile ubuso obuningi be-polygonal.
Ukwandisa ubuso obunama-quadrilateral kudala ama-polygoni amane amasha ukuvula igebe phakathi kwesimo sawo sokuqala nokuphela. I-Extrusion ingaba nzima ukubona ngeso lengqondo ngaphandle kwesibonelo sokhonkolo:
- Cabanga ngesimo se-piramidi esilula , esine-quadrilateral (isisekelo esine-4). I-modeler ingase ishintshe le piramidi emdala ibe yindlela enjengekhaya ngokukhetha isisekelo sepiramidi futhi isiluleke ekuqondiseni okungalungile Y. Isisekelo sepiramidi sishintsha phansi, futhi ubuso obusha obunama-4 budalwa esikhaleni phakathi kwesisekelo ne-cap. Isibonelo esifanayo singabonakala ekufaniseni imilenze yetafula noma isihlalo.
- Amaphethelo angaphinde afakwe. Uma ixhuma emaphethelweni, impela iphindaphindiwe-ukuphonsela okuphindwe kabili kungasuswa noma kushintshe kusuka ekuqaleni kunoma iyiphi indlela, ubuso obusha be-polygonal budala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuxhuma kokubili. Lena yindlela yokuqala yokwenza i-geometry kwinqubo yokulandelana kwezintambo .
02 ka 04
Ukuhlukanisa
Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu kuyindlela yokwenza izibonelo zokufaka isinqumo se-polygonal kumodeli, ngokufanayo noma ngokukhetha. Ngenxa yokuthi imodeli ye-polygonal iqala ngokusuka kokunciphisa okuncane ngokubukeka ubuso obuncane kakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza imodeli eqediwe ngaphandle okungenani ezinye zezinga lokuhlukaniswa iziqephu.
- Ukuhlukaniswa okufanayo kufana nendawo yonke yomdwebo ngokulinganayo. Iziqephu ezihlukanisiwe zivame ukuqedwa ngezinga elilinganiselwe, okusho ukuthi wonke ubuso obunama-polygonal buhlukaniswe zibe ezine. Ukuhlukaniswa ngeziqephu okungafani kuzosiza ukuqeda "ukuvimbela," futhi kungasetshenziselwa ukubhebhethekisa ngokucophelela indawo yesimodeli.
- I-Edge Loops - Isixazululo singabuye sengezwe ngokukhetha ngokufaka izinqamuleli ezengeziwe. I-loop enqenqemeni ingezwa kunoma yisiphi isethi esithintekayo sobuso be-polygonal, ukwahlukanisa ubuso obukhethiwe ngaphandle kokungeza ngokungadingekile ukuxazulula kuwo wonke umshini. I-edge loops ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukuxazulula ezindaweni ezingamodeli ezidinga izinga lemininingwane elingahambisani neJomethri eliseduzane (ama-knee kanye ne-elbow umxhwele wesibonelo somlingiswa yisibonelo esihle, njengezindebe namehlo).
I-edge loops ingasetshenziselwa ukulungisa ubuso be-extrusion noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezifaniso. Lapho ubuso behlukaniswa ngokufanayo, noma yikuphi ukuqhuma okulukhuni kunamathele futhi kuhlanjululwe-uma ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu kuyadingeka kodwa umfaki-mhlaba angathanda ukugcina ezinye izingxube ezinzima, zingagcinwa ngokubeka i-loop enqenqemeni ngakwesinye icala emaphethelweni. Lesi siphumo esifanayo singatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe- bevel , okukhulunywe ngezansi.
03 ka 04
Ama-Bevels noma ama-Chamfers
Uma uke waba khona eduze nobunjiniyela, ukuklanywa kwezimboni, noma amasimu okusebenza ngamapulangwe nhlobo, igama le- bevel lingase livele likubeke isisindo sakho.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imiphetho yesimo se-3D ibukhali kakhulu-isimo esingaze senzeke ezweni langempela. Bheka nxazonke. Ihlolwe ngokucophelela, cishe wonke amaqhinga ohlangane nawo azoba nehlobo oluthile lwe-taper noma elizungezile kuwo.
I-bevel noma i-chamfer ithatha lokhu kuhlaziywa, futhi isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuhlukumeza kwemiphetho kumodeli we-3D:
- Isibonelo, umphetho ngamunye kwi-cube uvela ku-90 degree convergence phakathi kobuso ababili be-polygonal. Ukuzihlanganisa nalawo maphepha kudala ubuso obuncane be-45 degree phakathi kwezindiza eziguquguqukayo ukunciphisa ukubukeka komngcele futhi kusiza i-cube ukuthi ihlanganyele ngokukhanya okukhulu. Ubude (noma ukucasula ) we-bevel, kanye nokuzungeza kwayo kungancunywa yi-modeler.
04 ka 04
Ukuhlunga / Ukuhlela
Ebizwa nangokuthi "ukuxosha nokudonsa ama-vertices," amamodeli amaningi adinga amanye amazinga okuhlanzwa komuntu. Lapho ucwengisa imodeli, lo mculi uhambisa ama-vertices ngayinye eceleni kwe-x, y, noma i- axis ukuze uhleleke kahle.
Ukufaniswa okwanele kokulungiswa kungahle kubonakale emsebenzini womdwebi wendabuko: Lapho umdwebi esebenza, uqala ukuvala amafomu amakhulu okudweba, egxile ekujuleni kwenxenye yakhe. Khona-ke ubuyekeze isifunda ngasinye somdwebo "nge-brush rake" ukuze ahlolisise futhi ahlanganise imininingwane edingekayo.
Ukuhlunga imodeli ye-3D kufana kakhulu. Wonke ama-extrusion, i-bevel, i-edge-loop, noma ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu, ngokuvamile ihambisane okungenani kancane kokuhlanzwa kwe-vertex-nge-vertex.
Isiteji sokuhlenga singase sibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi mhlawumbe sidla amaphesenti angama-90 yesikhathi esiphelele umfaki-zimodeli uchitha ucezu. Kungase kuthathe amasekhondi angu-30 nje kuphela ukubeka i-loop enqenqemeni, noma ukukhipha i-extrusion, kodwa bekungeke kuzwakale kumuntu oyisibonelo ukuchitha amahora ukucubungula i-topology eseduze eseduze (ikakhulukazi ekuhloliseni okuphilayo, lapho izinguquko zomhlaba zibushelelezi futhi zicashile ).
Ukulungiswa kabusha ekugcineni kuyisinyathelo esithatha imodeli evela emsebenzini oqhubekayo ku-asethi esiphelile.