Ukukhipha Isibonelo Nokudala I-UV Layout
Kuyini Surfacing?
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imodeli ye-3D esanda kuqedwa iningi kakhulu njengamaphakheji we-software amaningi angenalutho azoyibonisa njengomthunzi ovulekile, ongathathi hlangothi we-grey. Ayikho imibono, akukho mbala, ayikho imidwebo. Uvele udala, ugobile.
Ngokusobala, lokhu akuyona indlela imodeli ekugcineni ebonakala ngayo ekuhumusheni kokugcina, ngakho-ke kanjani ukuthi imodeli ivela emthunzini ongathandekayo wegrey kuya kubalingiswa ngokugcwele okuningiliziwe kanye nendawo esiyibona kumabhayisikobho nasemidlalweni?
I-Surfacing , efaka ukuhlelwa kwe-UV , ukudwetshwa kwebalazwe , nokwakhiwa kwe-shader , yinkqubo jikelele yokwengeza imininingwane ebusweni bezinto ze-3D.
Umsebenzi womculi wokubhala noma othumayo ungase uzwakale ube mnandi kakhulu kunokwesimo se-modeler noma i-animator, kodwa usebenza ngokulinganayo ekwenzeni ifilimu ye-3D noma umdlalo ukuze ukhululeke.
Zama ukucabanga ngoRango ngaphandle kwesikhumba sakhe esimbala, esikhulayo. Noma i-Wall-E ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe wepeyinti owawunamapulangwe. Ngaphandle kweqembu elihle labadwebi bezithombe kanye nabalobi be-shader noma yikuphi ukukhiqizwa kwe-CG ekugcineni kuzobukeka kuyigugu futhi kunganqamuki.
Ukwehlukanisa nokuthumela imiyalezo kungaba yizinhlangothi ezimbili zemali efanayo, kodwa kusezinqubo ezihlukile ngokuyisisekelo, ngasinye esifanele ingxoxo yayo. Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, sizoxoxa ngezindlela ze-UV, nakho konke okuhambisana nokudala. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili sizobuya ngencazelo yokudweba-ibalazwe, bese sizothola uchungechunge ngokubukeka okusheshayo kumanethiwekhi omthunzi.
Ukukhipha Isibonelo nokudala i-UV Layout
Ukudweba imephu, okwakhiwa ngu- Ed Catmull ngo-1974, kungenye yezinto eziphumelelayo emlandweni wehluzo zekhompyutha. Ukubeka izinto ngokwemigomo ejwayelekile, ukudweba imephu kuyinkqubo yokwengeza umbala (noma olunye ulwazi) kumodeli we-3D ngokuphrinta isithombe esisezinhlangothi ezimbili phezulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise imephu yokuthungatha phezulu kwendlela oyisibonelo, kufanele uqale ukukhishwa futhi unikezwe uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-UV lokudweba abaculi ukuba basebenze nabo.
- Ukuhlelwa kwe-UV kuyimifanekiso ebonakalayo ye-3D imodeli efakwe kwizindiza ezimbili zomzimba. Iphuzu ngalinye lezindiza ezimbili-ntathu libizwa nge- UV futhi limelela i-vertex ku-3D into. Ngale ndlela, zonke izindawo ezingaphansi komngcele we-UV zihambisana nendawo ethize kulo modeli. Indlela elula yokubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-UV kubonakala kanjani:
- Wake wakha i-cube ephepheni? Uma kunjalo, ucabange ngesimo owawudingayo ukuze usike ephepheni ukuze iphoqe kahle i-cube-mhlawumbe ibukeka njengesiphambano, amayunithi amane (ubuso) aphezulu nantathu. Uma lelo cube lephepha laliyisibonelo se-3D, wonke amafolda ayengaphethelo, zonke izingqimba zingaba i- vertex , futhi yonke indawo ephathekayo yayizoba ubuso . Ukukhipha imodeli kufana kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi ngokuvamile kuvame ubuso obungaphezu kwesithupha ukulala.
- Ukukhipha: Ukukhipha isitifiketi kuyinkqubo yokwazisa ubuso obuningi be-polygonal iqoqo lezixhumanisi ze-UV embonini yesithombe ezimbili-ntathu. Izixhumanisi ze-UV zikhishwe ngokubonakalayo futhi zithunyelwa njengezithombe zendawo ye-bitmap ngesinqumo noma kuphi kusuka ku-512 x 512 kuze kube ngu-6000 amaphikseli ngo-6000. Umculi odweba noma odala amabalazwe okuthungatha umodeli uzogcina ekusebenziseni ukuqondisa lapho udala amafayela okuthungwa.
- Ukudala Ukuhlelwa Kwe-UV Okusebenzayo: Inqubo yokwenza izixhumanisi ze-UV ze-model ngokuvamile ivame ukuhlanganiswa kathathu:
- Umculi uzoqala ukukhetha iqembu lobuso kumodeli, futhi asebenzise ukubonakala okuzenzakalelayo kulabo ubuso ukuze banikeze isisekelo sokusebenza kusuka. I-projection ngokuvamile ihlela noma i-cylindrical kuye ngokuthi isimo sezinto:
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-planar : Indawo ebanzi njengodonga noma phansi ingathatha ukuhlelwa kwepulani, okusho nje ukuthi indawo ye-3D ihlanjululwe kusuka ekuqondeni olulodwa (ngokuvamile livela kwikhamera). I-caveat eyodwa enezindinganiso zeplanethi iwukuthi igxuma yonke indlela ngokusebenzisa imodeli-ngakho-ke uma ngabe usebenzise ukuhlelwa kwepulani ku-cube yonke, ama-UV amaningi azophela phezulu.
- Ukubonakala kwe-cylindrical kulungele kangcono izakhiwo ezigobile, futhi kusebenza kahle njengokuthi uthathe ithubhu, wenza ukusika kusukela ekugcineni kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi uyisiswe kuze kube yilapho isicaba. Kunamanye amafomu okuhlola, kodwa okubili okukhulunywe ngayo yiwo okuvame kakhulu.
- Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo eziningi azifani ngokuphelele noma ziyi-cylindrical, amasu okubala okuzenzekelayo akwazi ukunikeza umphumela owanelisayo. Ukulwa nalokhu, lo mculi uzokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ahlele ukuhlelwa kwe-UV ngokuhambahamba nge-UVs ngendlela umfaki-modeli angashukumisela ngayo bese edonsa ama-vertices. Ukuhlelwa kwe-UV okuhle kuhlose ukunciphisa izintambo, futhi unikezele ingxenye ephakeme yesinqumo sokuthuthwa kwempahla ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zomcengezi, njengobuso bomlingisi, noma ingxenye engathandeki yengubo / izikhali zabo.
- Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe kuwo wonke ama-polygoni kumodeli. Umculi uzohamba ngokuhlela, noma ngisho nokuhlanganisa amaqembu e-UV ukuze aqede izingqimba bese enza ukuhlelwa kwe-UV okunengqondo, kuhlelekile.
Futhi yilokho! Uma imodeli ingavaliwe, le nqubo ifakwa ezandleni zabadwebi bezithombe ezizokwenza amabalazwe enziwe ngokucacile phezulu kwesakhiwo se-UV esiphelile.