Isingeniso se-3D Modeling Techniques
Kule sayithi, sithole ithuba lokumboza kokubili ukuvuleka nokunikela ngokujula okulinganiselwe, futhi sisanda kuxoxisana ngesimo semvelo se-3D model . Kodwa ngokudabukisayo, sishiyeke kakhulu ukunikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemininingwane eningiliziwe ngenqubo ye-modeling ye-3D.
Ukuze senze izinto kahle, sisebenza kanzima emsebenzini silungiselela izihloko ezimbalwa ezigxile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuciko nobuchwepheshe be-3D modeling. Yize sinikeze isingeniso esivamile sokwenza imodeli ekukhulumisaneni kwethu? ipayipi yekhompiyutha yekhompiyutha , yayingeyona ephelele. Ukulinganisa kuyisihloko esicacisayo, futhi isigaba esincane singasheshe sibheke phezulu futhi senze ubulungiswa besifundo.
Ezinsukwini ezizayo, sizohlinzeka ngolwazi ngamanye amasu ajwayelekile kanye nokucabangela okumelwe kwenziwe ngabalingisi abasebenzisa amafilimu namageyimu ozithandayo.
Konke okunye kwalesi sihloko, sizoqala ngokusungula amasu ayisikhombisa avamile asetshenziselwa ukwakha amafa we-3D embonini yekhamera yekhompyutha:
Izindlela Zokufanisa Ezivamile
Ibhokisi / Ukuhlukanisa iziqephu
I-Box modeling iyindlela yokwenza imidwebo ye-polygonal lapho umculi eqala nge-geometric primitive (cube, sphere, cylinder, njll) bese ehlanza isimo sakhe kuze kufinyelele ukubukeka okufunayo.
Ibhokisi lebhokisi livame ukusebenza ngezigaba, ngokuqala ngemigqa ephansi yokulungisa, ukuhlunga ukuma, bese uhlukanisa imingcele ukuze ukhishwe emaphethelweni aqinile futhi wengeze imininingwane. Inqubo yokwehlukanisa nokuhlanza iphindwaphindwa kuze kube yilapho isixhumi sinamininingwane ephelele ye-polygonal ukuze idlulisele kahle umqondo ohlosiwe.
I-Box modeling cishe iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokufaniswa kwe- polygonal futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ngokubambisana namasu okufanekisa ama-edge (esizoxoxa ngawo ngomzuzwana nje). Sihlola inqubo yokufanekisa ibhokisi / ekugcineni kwencazelo ngokuningiliziwe lapha.
I-Edge / Contour Modeling
Imodeli ye-Edge enye inqubo ye-polygonal, nakuba ihluke ngokuyinhloko ebhokisini layo lokulinganisa. Ngokwemodeli enqenqemeni, kunokuba uqale ngomumo wokuqala nokucwengisa, lo modeli uqobo uwakhiwe ucezu ngokufaka izilophu zobuso be-polygonal kanye nemigqa evelele, bese ugcwalisa noma yiziphi izikhala phakathi kwazo.
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi engadingekile, kodwa imifino ethile kunzima ukuqedela ngebhokisi ukufanekisa kuphela, ubuso bomuntu njengesibonelo esihle. Ukuze ufanise kahle ubuso kudinga ukuphathwa okunzima kakhulu kokugeleza kokungapheli kanye ne- topology , futhi ukucacisa okuhlinzekwe ukulandelana kwemigqa kungabalulekile. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuma i-eye encane ehlongozwa kahle evela ku-cube eqinile ye-polygonal (okuyinto edidekayo futhi ephikisanayo), kulula kakhulu ukwakha uhlaka lweso bese ulingisa konke okuvela khona. Uma izimpawu ezinkulu (amehlo, izindebe, i-browline, ikhala, i-jawline) zihlungwa, konke okunye kuvame ukufika ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-NURBS / i-Spline Modeling
I-NURBS iyindlela yokwenza imodeli esetshenziselwa kakhulu imodeli yezimoto nezimboni. Ngokungafani ne-geometry ye-polygon, i-NURBS mesh ayikho ubuso, imiphetho, noma ama-vertices. Esikhundleni salokho, amamodeli we-NURBS afakwe ezindaweni eziqondisiwe kahle, ezidalwe ngokuthi "ukuhlehlisa" umshini phakathi kwamakhempule amabili noma ngaphezulu e-Bezier (owaziwa nangokuthi i-splines).
Amakhodi we-NURBS adalwe ngethuluzi elisebenza ngokufanayo nethini yamapeni ku-MS ukudweba noma i-Adobe Illustrator. Ijika lidonsa isikhala se-3D futhi lihlelwe ngokuhambisa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo ezibizwa nge-CVs (ukulawula ama-vertices). Ukuze ufanise ubuso be-NURBS, umculi ubeka ama-curve emidlalweni evelele, futhi isofthiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-interpolates isikhala esiphakathi.
Ngenye indlela, indawo ye-NURBS ingadalwa ngokuguqula ijika lephrofayela elizungeza i-axis ephakathi. Lena yindlela yokujwayela ejwayelekile (futhi esheshayo) yezinto ezizungezile emvelweni-izibuko zewayini, ama-vases, amapuleti, njll.
Ukudwetshwa Kwedijithali
Imbonini ye-tech ithanda ukukhuluma ngokuphumelela okuthile okuthiwa ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo . Izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezishintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokufeza umsebenzi othile. Imoto ishintshe indlela esiyithola ngayo. I-intanethi ishintshe indlela esifinyelela ngayo ulwazi nokuxhumana. Ukudweba nge-Digital kuyisimo esibucayi kwezobuchwepheshe ngomqondo wokuthi kusize ama-modelers mahhala kusukela ekucindezelweni kokucindezeleka kwe-topology nokugeleza kokungapheli, futhi ivumela ukuba benze i-3D imibukiso ngendlela efana kakhulu nokudweba ubumba obudijithali.
Ekubunjweni kwedijithali, ama-meshes adalwe ngokomzimba, besebenzisa i-tablet (Wacom) idivayisi yethebhulethi ukubunjwa nokuma imodeli cishe ngokufana nomdwebi angasebenzisa izibhamu zakhe nge-chunk yangempela yobumba. Ukuqoshwa kwe-Digital kuthathe uhlamvu nokudalwa kwezilwane ezingeni elisha, okwenza le nqubo isheshe, iphumelele ngokwengeziwe, futhi ivumela abaculi ukuba basebenze ngamashesheni aphezulu aqukethe izigidi zamapoloni. Izindwangu ezibunjiweyo ziyaziwa ngamazinga angenakucatshangwa okuningiliziwe okucacile, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemvelo (ngisho nokuzenzekelayo).
I-Modeling Procedural
Igama lezinqubo ku-ihluzo zekhompyutha libhekisela kunoma yini eyenziwe ngokuvumelana ne-algorithmically, kunokuba idalwe ngesandla ngesandla somculi. Ngokwemodeli yenqubo, izigcawu noma izinto zakhiwa ngokusekelwe emithethweni eqondiswa ngumsebenzisi noma imingcele.
Emaphaketheni evelelekayo evelelekayo e-View, e-Bryce nase-Terragen, wonke umhlaba ungenziwa ngokubeka nokushintsha imingcele yemvelo njengobunhlamvu bomhlaba nokuphakama kokuphakama, noma ngokukhetha kusuka emazweni wezwe njenge-desert, alpine, ogwini, njll.
Ukuhlelwa kwezinqubo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo njengezihlahla kanye namahlamvu, lapho kukhona ukuhlukahluka okungapheli nokubunzima okungaba isikhathi esiningi (noma okungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele) ukuze umculi athathe ngesandla. I-SpeedTree yesicelo isebenzisa i-algorithm esekelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe / ekhohlisayo ukuze kuvezwe izihlahla eziyingqayizivele kanye nezihlahla ezingaba yizilungiselelo ezihlelekile zokuphakama kwe-trunk, ubungako begatsha, i-angle, i-curl, kanye nezinqwaba uma kungenamakhulu ezinye izinketho. I-CityEngine isebenzisa amasu afanayo ukudala idolobha lezinqubo.
Imodeli yesithombe esekelwe
Imodeli yokusekelwa kwesithombe yinqubo lapho izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kusukela kwisethi yemifanekiso emibili emithathu. Ukufanekisela ukusekelwa kwesithombe kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukuvinjelwa kwesikhathi noma isabelomali kungavumeli ukuba impahla ephelele ye-3D idalwe ngesandla.
Mhlawumbe isibonelo esidume kakhulu sokufaniswa kwesithombe esisekelwe esithombeni sasiseThe Matrix , lapho iqembu lalingenalo isikhathi noma izinsiza zokufanisa amasethi ephelele e-3D. Bafake ukulandelana kwezinyathelo ngamakhamera wekhamera ye-360-degree bese basebenzisa i-algorithm yokuhumusha ukuze bavumele ukunyakaza kwekhamera ye-3D "ye-3D" ngokusebenzisa amasethi wangempela wezwe.
Ukuskena kwe-3D
Ukuskena kwe-3D kuyindlela yokwenza izinto ze-real-world zangempela uma izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokubukeka kwesithombe liyadingeka. Into yezwe yangempela (noma ngisho nomlingisi) iskena, ihlaziywe, futhi idatha eluhlaza (ngokuvamile i-x, y, i-point ifu) isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-polygonal enembile noma i-NURBS mesh. Ukuskena kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuvezwa ukubonakala kwe-digital ye-real-actor world, njengoba ku-Case Curious of Benjamin Button lapho umlingisi ohola (Brad Pitt) oseminyaka yonke ehamba phambili kulo lonke ifilimu.
Ngaphambi kokungakhathazeka ngama-scanners e-3D esikhundleni sabantu abenza imidwebo yendabuko, cabanga ngomzuzwana ukuthi inqwaba yezinto eziboniswe embonini yokuzijabulisa ayinalo elilingana nezwe langempela. Kuze kube siqala ukubuka izindiza, abafokazi kanye nabalingiswa be-cartoon egijima nxazonke, kuphephile ukuthi bacabange ukuthi isikhundla se-modeler embonini ye-CG cishe siphephile.