Igama elithi Inthanethi namuhla libhekisela kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yamakhompyutha omphakathi asebenzisa i- Inthanethi Protocol . I-Inthanethi isekela i- WWW yomphakathi nezinhlelo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe / isofthiwe ekhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe be-intanethi buphinde busekele ama- intranethi amaningi ezinkampani zangasese kanye nama- LAN ekhaya langasese.
Amandulela ku-Intanethi
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuba yi-Internet kwaqala amashumi eminyaka edlule. Igama elithi "Inthanethi" liqale lahlanganiswa ngawo-1970. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuphela ukuqala okuncane kakhulu kwenethiwekhi yomphakathi jikelele okwakusendaweni. Kuwo wonke ama-1970, 1980 nama-1990, amanethiwekhi amancane kazwelonke e-US aguquke, ahlangene, noma ahlakazwa, ekugcineni ajoyina imiklamo yenethiwekhi yamazwe ngamazwe ukwenza i-intanethi yomhlaba jikelele. Isihluthulelo phakathi kwalezi
- I-ARPANET - eyakhiwe ngemali evela eMnyangweni wezokuVikela wase-US, i-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network yanikeza ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwamanethiwekhi wokushintsha amapakethe. Ukusebenza ku-ARPANET kwaqala ngo-1969 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho inethiwekhi ivaliwe ngo-1990. Abantu abaziwayo ababandakanyeka ku-ARPANET bahlanganisa noLeonard Kleinrock, okungenzeka ukuthi umuntu wokuqala ku-intanethi uthumele umlayezo ongekho emthethweni.
- I-BITNET - ngoba ikhona i-NETwork eyakhiwe amanyuvesi amabili e-US futhi kamuva wahlanganyela nabanye. I-BITNET isebenze kuphela ekuxhumaneni kwe- dial-up futhi yayisebenza kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-1996.
- I-CSNET - i-US National Science Foundation yakha i-Computer Science NETwork ngo-1981 ukusekela ucwaningo lweyunivesithi. I-CSNET isebenza kuze kube ngu-1991.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengxenye yeWorld Wide Web (WWW) ye-intanethi kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi, nakuba abantu abaningi babheka lokhu okufana nokudala i-Intanethi ngokwayo. Ukuba ngumuntu oyinhloko ohlobene nokudalwa kwe-WWW, uTim Berners-Lee ngezinye izikhathi uthola isikweletu njengomqambi we-intanethi ngalesi sizathu.
Abadali be-Internet Technologies
Ngamafuphi, akukho muntu oyedwa noma inhlangano eyakha i-Inthanethi yamuva, kuhlanganise no-Al Gore, uLyndon Johnson, noma omunye umuntu. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abaningi bahlakulele ubuchwepheshe obalulekile obwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba yi-intanethi.
- I-imeyli - Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kweWebhu Yezwe Elibanzi, i-imeyli yindlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana inthanethi. URay Tomlinson waqala ngo-1971 uhlelo lokuqala lwe-imeyli olusebenza phezu kwe-intanethi yokuqala.
- I-Ethernet - Ithekhnoloji yokuxhumana ebonakalayo engaphansi kwe-intanethi, i- Ethernet yadalwa nguRobert Metcalfe noDavid Boggs ngo-1973.
- I-TCP / IP - Ngo-Meyi, 1974, i-Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) yanyathelisa iphepha elibizwa ngokuthi "I-Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection." Abalobi bephepha - u-Vinton Cerf noRobert Kahn - bachaza i-protocol ebizwa ngokuthi i- TCP eyayihlanganisa nezinsizakalo ezimbili zokuxhumeka nokuxhumeka. Abazange bazi ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa i-protocol abayilungile kamuva yayizobizwa ngokuthi i- TCP / IP - uhlelo olusemthethweni lokulayishwa kwenethiwekhi ye-Intanethi. Indima evelele ye-TCP / IP kumanethiwekhi namuhla iholela abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganise uCert noKahn njengabaqambi be-intanethi.