Funda indlela yokubhala i-XML ehlelwe kahle futhi eqinisekisiwe
Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukuqonda ukuthi ungabhala kanjani i-XML eyenziwe kahle ngokubona isibonelo. I-newsletter ye-Web Writer ibhaliwe isebenzisa ifomu le-XML - ngiyibiza ngokuthi i-AML noma i-About About Markup Language (hamba!). Ngenkathi lena idokhumenti esebenzayo, empeleni akuyona idokhumenti eyenziwe kahle noma evumelekile ye-XML.
Kuhlelwe
Kuneminye imithetho ecacile yokwakha idokhumenti eyenziwe kahle ye-XML:
- Isimemezelo se-XML kumele size kuqala kuwo wonke amadokhumende.
- Amazwana awavumelekile ngaphakathi komaki. Amazwana angase angaqukethe ama-hyphens amabili ulandelana, ngaphandle kokuqala nokuphela kwamazwana.
- Amathegi kufanele abe nomugqa wokuphela, noma avalwe ngaphakathi kwethegi ye-singleton ngokwayo, isibonelo
. - Zonke izimfanelo zamathe kumele zicatshangwe, mhlawumbe izingcaphuno eziphindwe kabili ngaphandle kokuthi umqondo ngokwawo uqukethe ukucaphuna kabili.
- Yonke idokhumenti ye-XML kufanele ibe neyodwa into equkethe zonke ezinye izakhi.
Kunezinkinga ezimbili kuphela zedokhumenti ezenza ukuthi zingakhiwe kahle:
Into yokuqala idokhumenti ye-AML yisitatimende sokumemezela kwe-XML.
Enye inkinga ukuthi ayikho into eyodwa ehlanganisa zonke ezinye izakhi. Ukulungisa lokhu, ngizofaka isici se-container yangaphandle:
Ukwenza lezo zinguquko ezimbili ezilula (nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhi ziqukethe i-CDATA kuphela) zizokwenza idokhumenti engakhiwe kahle ibe idokhumenti eyenziwe kahle.
Idokhumende evumelekile ye-XML ivunyelwe ngokumelene nohlobo lweDokhumenti Definition (DTD) noma i-XML Schema. Lezi yisethi yemithetho eyenziwe ngumthuthukisi noma inhlangano yezinhlelo ezichaza ama-semantics wedokhumenti ye-XML. Lawa atshele ikhompyutha ukuthi benzeni nge-markup.
Endabeni yolimi lwe-About Markup, njengoba lokhu akulona ulimi olujwayelekile lwe-XML, njengo-XHTML noma SMIL, i-DTD izokwenziwa ngumthuthukisi. Lokho i-DTD cishe izoba kuseva efanayo njengombhalo we-XML, futhi ukhonjiswe phezulu kwedokhumenti.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthuthukisa i-DTD noma i-Schema yamadokhumenti akho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ngokumiswa kahle, idokhumenti ye-XML iyichaza, ngakho-ke ayidingi i-DTD.
Isibonelo, ngombhalo wethu we-AML owenziwe kahle, kunamathegi alandelayo:
Uma ujwayele i-newsletter ye-Web Writer, ungase uqaphele izingxenye ezihlukene zephephandaba. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukudala amadokhumenti e-XML amasha usebenzisa ifomethi efanayo. Ngiyazi ukuthi ngiyohlale ngibeka isihloko esiphelele esigabeni, ne-URL yesigaba sokuqala ematheksthini.
Ama-DTD
Uma kudingeka ukuba ubhale idokhumenti evumelekile ye-XML, noma ukusebenzisa idatha noma ukuyisebenzisa, ungayifaka emadokhumenti wakho ngetekisi. Kule tag, uchaza ithegi ye-XML eyisisekelo kudokhumenti, nendawo ye-DTD (ngokuvamile i-Web URI). Ngokwesibonelo:
Enye into enhle mayelana nokumemezela kwe-DTD ukuthi ungakwazi ukumemezela ukuthi i-DTD iyindawo yendawo lapho uhlelo lwe-XML lune "SYSTEM". Ungaphinda ukhombe ku-DTD yomphakathi, njenge-HTML 4.0 idokhumenti:
Uma usebenzisa kokubili, utshela idokhumenti ukuthi usebenzise i-DTD ethize (isihlonzi somphakathi) nokuthi ungayitholaphi (isihlonzi sesistimu).
Okokugcina, ungafaka i-DTD yangaphakathi ngqo kumadokhumenti, ngaphakathi kwethegi ye-DOCTYPE. Isibonelo (lokhu akuyona i-DTD ephelele yencwadi ye-AML):
I-newsletter ye-DOCTYPE! <I-XML Schema
Ukuze udale idokhumenti evumelekile ye-XML, ungasebenzisa futhi idokhumenti ye-XML Schema ukuze uchaze i-XML yakho. I-XML Schema yidokhumenti ye-XML echaza imibhalo ye-XML. Funda ukuthi ungabhala kanjani i-schema.
Qaphela
Ukukhomba nje ku-DTD noma i-XML Schema akwanele. I-XML esedokhumenti kumele ilandele imithetho ku-DTD noma i-Schema. Ukusebenzisa i-parser yokuqinisekisa kuyindlela elula yokuhlola ukuthi i-XML yakho ilandela imithetho ye-DTD. Ungathola abaningi abahamba ngaleyo ndlela ku-intanethi.