Ukuvakasha kwe-Raspberry Pi GPIO

01 ka 09

Isingeniso sezikhonkwane zika Raspberry Pi

I-Raspberry Pi GPIO. URichard Saville

Igama elithi 'GPIO' (Okukhipha Okujwayelekile Lokufaka Inhloso) akuyona kuphela i-Raspberry Pi. Izikhonkwane zokufaka nokukhipha zingatholakala kumakhompiyutha amaningi anjenge-Arduino, Beaglebone nokuningi.

Uma sikhuluma nge-GPIO nge-Raspberry Pi, sibhekisela ebhodini elide lezikhonkwane ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele ebhodini. Amamodeli amadala anezikhonkwane ezingu-26, kodwa iningi lethu lizosebenzisa imodeli yamanje ne-40.

Ungakwazi ukuxhuma izingxenye namanye amadivayisi we-hardware kulezi zikhonkwane, bese usebenzisa ikhodi ukulawula lokho abakwenzayo. Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Raspberry Pi futhi indlela enhle kakhulu yokufunda nge-elekthronikhi.

Emva kwamaphrojekthi ambalwa we-software, cishe uzothola uzama ngalezi zikhonkwane, uzimisele ukuxuba ikhodi yakho nge-hardware ukwenza izinto zenzeke 'empilweni yangempela'.

Le nqubo ingasabisa uma usendaweni entsha, futhi ucabanga ukuthi ukuhamba kwamanga okulodwa kungalimaza i-Raspberry Pi yakho, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kuyindawo yokukhathazeka yabaqalayo ukuhlola.

Lesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwephini le-GPIO olwenzayo nokulinganiselwa kwabo.

02 ka 09

I-GPIO

Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO zibalwa 1 kuya ku-40, futhi zingenziwa ngaphansi kwemisebenzi ehlukene. URichard Saville

Okokuqala, ake sibheke i-GPIO yonke. Izikhonkwane zingase zibuke okufanayo kepha zonke zinemisebenzi ehlukile. Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa le misebenzi ngemibala ehlukene esizoyichaza ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Iphini ngayinye ibalwa kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-40 kusukela ekuqaleni kwesokunxele. Lezi izinombolo zephini lomzimba, noma kunjalo, kunemigomo yokubala / yokubhalisa njenge 'BCM' esetshenziselwa ukubhala ikhodi.

03 ka 09

Amandla & Ground

I-Raspberry Pi inikeza amandla amaningi kanye nezikhonkwane zomhlabathi. URichard Saville

Ekhonjisiwe ebomvu, izikhonkwane zamandla ezibhalwe ngokuthi '3' noma '5' ze-3.3V noma 5V.

Lezi zikhonkwane zikuvumela ukuthi uthumele amandla ngokuqondile kudivayisi ngaphandle kwesidingo soma iyiphi ikhodi. Ayikho indlela yokuyivala noma.

Kukhona ama-rails angu-2 - ama-voltage angu-3.3 nama-volts angu-5. Ngokusho kwalesi sihloko, isitimela se-3.3V sinomkhawulo wamamitha angu-50mA, kanti isitimela se-5V singanikeza noma yikuphi amandla okwamanje ashiywe kusuka ekunikezeni amandla emva kokuthi uPi athathe lokho okukudingayo.

Ukugqama okugqamile kuyizikhonkwane zomhlabathi (GND). Lezi zikhonkwane yilokho abakushoyo - izikhonkwane ezisemhlabathini - okuyingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi umsebenzi we-electronics.

(Izikhonkwane ze-5V ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 2 no 4.3V izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 1 no-17. Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 no-39)

04 ka 09

Izikhonkwane zokufaka / okuphumayo

Izikhonkwane ze-Input and Output zikuvumela ukuthi uxhume i-hardware njengezinzwa nokushintsha. URichard Saville

Izikhonkwane eziluhlaza yilokho engikubiza ngokuthi izikhiphelo zokufaka / okukhiphayo. Lezi zingasetshenziswa kalula njengezimpendulo noma izimpendulo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka mayelana nokuphikisana neminye imisebenzi efana ne-I2C, SPI noma i-UART.

Lezi izikhonkwane ezingathumela amandla ku-LED, i-buzzer, noma ezinye izingxenye, noma zisetshenziswe njengengalo yokufunda izinzwa, ukushintsha noma enye idivayisi yokufaka.

Amandla okuphuma kulezi zikhonkwane ngu 3.3V. Iphini ngayinye akumele idlulele ku-16mA wamanje, noma ukucima noma ukukhipha, futhi yonke isethi yezikhonkwane ze-GPIO akumele idlule ngaphezu kwe-50mA nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvimbela, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ukuthi udale ubuciko kumaphrojekthi athile.

(Izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 no-40)

05 ka 09

Izikhonkwane ze-I2C

I2C ikuvumela ukuxhuma amanye amadivaysi ku-Pi yakho ngezikhonkwane ezimbalwa nje. URichard Saville

Ephuzi, sinemikhonto ye-I2C. I2C iyi-protocol yokuxhumana ukuthi ngemibandela elula ivumela amadivaysi ukuthi axhumane no-Raspberry Pi. Lezi zikhonkwane zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezikhonkwane ze-GPIO 'ezijwayelekile'.

Isibonelo esihle sokusebenzisa i-I2C yiyona ethandwa kakhulu yi-MCP23017 ye-port expander chip, engakunika izikhonkwane eziningi zokufakwayo / okukhipha kuloluhlelo lwe-I2C.

(I2C I-GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zomuntu ezincane zomuntu 3 no-5)

06 ka 09

Izikhonkwane ze-UART (Serial)

Xhuma ku-Pi yakho phezu kokuxhumeka kwe serial nezikhonkwane ze-UART. URichard Saville

Empunga, izikhonkwane ze-UART. Lezi zikhonkwane zenye inqubo yokuxhumana ehlinzeka ngezixhumanisi eziningana, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezimpendulo ze-GPIO / iziphumo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwami ​​okuthandayo kwe-UART ukuvumela uxhumano lwe-serial kusuka ku-pi yami ukuya ku-laptop yami ngaphezu kwe-USB. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa amabhodi angeziwe-noma amakhodi alula futhi ususe isidingo sesikrini noma uxhumano lwe-intanethi ukufinyelela iPi yakho.

(I-UART GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zepini eziyi-8 no-10)

07 ka 09

Izikhonkwane ze-SPI

Izikhonkwane ze-SPI - enye inqubo yokuxhumana ewusizo. URichard Saville

Ngo-pink , sinamaphini we-SPI. I-SPI ibhoksi ye-interface ethumela idatha phakathi kwePi nezinye izinto ze-hardware / ezokuxhumana. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhonjwa kwamadivayisi afana ne-matrix ye-LED noma ukubonisa.

Njengabanye, lezi zikhonkwane zingasetshenziswa futhi njengeziphakamiso / iziphumo ze-GPIO.

(I-SPI GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zomzimba ezinama-19, 21, 23, 24 no-26)

08 ka 09

Izikhonkwane ze-DNC

Akukho okuzobona lapha - izikhonkwane ze-DNC azisebenzi lutho. URichard Saville

Ekugcineni kukhona izikhonkwane ezimbili ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuthi, njengamanje, zibhalwe njenge-DNC okumele 'Ungathinti'. Lokhu kungashintsha esikhathini esizayo uma i-Raspberry Pi Foundation ishintsha amabhodi / isofthiwe.

(Izikhonkwane ze-DNC GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba ezinama-27 no-28)

09 ka 09

Imihlangano Yezinombolo ze-GPIO

I-Portsplus iyithuluzi elihle lokuhlola izinombolo zephini le-GPIO. URichard Saville

Uma uqhafaza ne-GPIO, unelungelo lokungenisa umtapo we-GPIO ngenye yezindlela ezimbili - i-BCM noma i-BOARD.

Ikhetho engikukhethayo yi-GPIO BCM. Lona umhlangano wokubhalisa we-Broadcom futhi ngithola ukuthi usetshenziselwa ngokujwayelekile kumaphrojekthi kanye nezengezo ze-hardware.

Inketho yesibili yi-GPIO BOARD. Le ndlela isebenzisa izinombolo zephini lomzimba esikhundleni salokho, okusebenzayo uma ubala izikhonkwane, kodwa uzothola ukuthi isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwezibonelo zephrojekthi.

Imodi ye-GPIO isethwe uma ingenisa ilabhulali ye-GPIO:

Ukungenisa njenge-BCM:

ngenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengo-GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)

Ukungenisa njenge-BOARD:

ngenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengo-GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)

Zombili lezi zindlela zenza umsebenzi ofanayo, kuyindaba nje yokukhetha izinombolo.

Ngivame ukusebenzisa amabhodi amalebuli we-GPIO asebenzayo njenge-RasPiO Portsplus (okufanekiselwe) ukuhlola ukuthi iziphi izikhonkwane engizixhumanisayo nazo. Olunye uhlangothi lubonisa umhlangano wokubala we-BCM, enye ikhombisa i-BOARD - ngakho uhlanganiswe nganoma imuphi umsebenzi owutholayo.