01 ka 09
Isingeniso sezikhonkwane zika Raspberry Pi
Igama elithi 'GPIO' (Okukhipha Okujwayelekile Lokufaka Inhloso) akuyona kuphela i-Raspberry Pi. Izikhonkwane zokufaka nokukhipha zingatholakala kumakhompiyutha amaningi anjenge-Arduino, Beaglebone nokuningi.
Uma sikhuluma nge-GPIO nge-Raspberry Pi, sibhekisela ebhodini elide lezikhonkwane ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele ebhodini. Amamodeli amadala anezikhonkwane ezingu-26, kodwa iningi lethu lizosebenzisa imodeli yamanje ne-40.
Ungakwazi ukuxhuma izingxenye namanye amadivayisi we-hardware kulezi zikhonkwane, bese usebenzisa ikhodi ukulawula lokho abakwenzayo. Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Raspberry Pi futhi indlela enhle kakhulu yokufunda nge-elekthronikhi.
Emva kwamaphrojekthi ambalwa we-software, cishe uzothola uzama ngalezi zikhonkwane, uzimisele ukuxuba ikhodi yakho nge-hardware ukwenza izinto zenzeke 'empilweni yangempela'.
Le nqubo ingasabisa uma usendaweni entsha, futhi ucabanga ukuthi ukuhamba kwamanga okulodwa kungalimaza i-Raspberry Pi yakho, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kuyindawo yokukhathazeka yabaqalayo ukuhlola.
Lesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwephini le-GPIO olwenzayo nokulinganiselwa kwabo.
02 ka 09
I-GPIO
Okokuqala, ake sibheke i-GPIO yonke. Izikhonkwane zingase zibuke okufanayo kepha zonke zinemisebenzi ehlukile. Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa le misebenzi ngemibala ehlukene esizoyichaza ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Iphini ngayinye ibalwa kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-40 kusukela ekuqaleni kwesokunxele. Lezi izinombolo zephini lomzimba, noma kunjalo, kunemigomo yokubala / yokubhalisa njenge 'BCM' esetshenziselwa ukubhala ikhodi.
03 ka 09
Amandla & Ground
Ekhonjisiwe ebomvu, izikhonkwane zamandla ezibhalwe ngokuthi '3' noma '5' ze-3.3V noma 5V.
Lezi zikhonkwane zikuvumela ukuthi uthumele amandla ngokuqondile kudivayisi ngaphandle kwesidingo soma iyiphi ikhodi. Ayikho indlela yokuyivala noma.
Kukhona ama-rails angu-2 - ama-voltage angu-3.3 nama-volts angu-5. Ngokusho kwalesi sihloko, isitimela se-3.3V sinomkhawulo wamamitha angu-50mA, kanti isitimela se-5V singanikeza noma yikuphi amandla okwamanje ashiywe kusuka ekunikezeni amandla emva kokuthi uPi athathe lokho okukudingayo.
Ukugqama okugqamile kuyizikhonkwane zomhlabathi (GND). Lezi zikhonkwane yilokho abakushoyo - izikhonkwane ezisemhlabathini - okuyingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi umsebenzi we-electronics.
(Izikhonkwane ze-5V ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 2 no 4.3V izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 1 no-17. Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 no-39)
04 ka 09
Izikhonkwane zokufaka / okuphumayo
Izikhonkwane eziluhlaza yilokho engikubiza ngokuthi izikhiphelo zokufaka / okukhiphayo. Lezi zingasetshenziswa kalula njengezimpendulo noma izimpendulo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka mayelana nokuphikisana neminye imisebenzi efana ne-I2C, SPI noma i-UART.
Lezi izikhonkwane ezingathumela amandla ku-LED, i-buzzer, noma ezinye izingxenye, noma zisetshenziswe njengengalo yokufunda izinzwa, ukushintsha noma enye idivayisi yokufaka.
Amandla okuphuma kulezi zikhonkwane ngu 3.3V. Iphini ngayinye akumele idlulele ku-16mA wamanje, noma ukucima noma ukukhipha, futhi yonke isethi yezikhonkwane ze-GPIO akumele idlule ngaphezu kwe-50mA nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvimbela, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ukuthi udale ubuciko kumaphrojekthi athile.
(Izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile ze-GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 no-40)
05 ka 09
Izikhonkwane ze-I2C
Ephuzi, sinemikhonto ye-I2C. I2C iyi-protocol yokuxhumana ukuthi ngemibandela elula ivumela amadivaysi ukuthi axhumane no-Raspberry Pi. Lezi zikhonkwane zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezikhonkwane ze-GPIO 'ezijwayelekile'.
Isibonelo esihle sokusebenzisa i-I2C yiyona ethandwa kakhulu yi-MCP23017 ye-port expander chip, engakunika izikhonkwane eziningi zokufakwayo / okukhipha kuloluhlelo lwe-I2C.
(I2C I-GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zomuntu ezincane zomuntu 3 no-5)
06 ka 09
Izikhonkwane ze-UART (Serial)
Empunga, izikhonkwane ze-UART. Lezi zikhonkwane zenye inqubo yokuxhumana ehlinzeka ngezixhumanisi eziningana, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezimpendulo ze-GPIO / iziphumo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwami okuthandayo kwe-UART ukuvumela uxhumano lwe-serial kusuka ku-pi yami ukuya ku-laptop yami ngaphezu kwe-USB. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa amabhodi angeziwe-noma amakhodi alula futhi ususe isidingo sesikrini noma uxhumano lwe-intanethi ukufinyelela iPi yakho.
(I-UART GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zepini eziyi-8 no-10)
07 ka 09
Izikhonkwane ze-SPI
Ngo-pink , sinamaphini we-SPI. I-SPI ibhoksi ye-interface ethumela idatha phakathi kwePi nezinye izinto ze-hardware / ezokuxhumana. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhonjwa kwamadivayisi afana ne-matrix ye-LED noma ukubonisa.
Njengabanye, lezi zikhonkwane zingasetshenziswa futhi njengeziphakamiso / iziphumo ze-GPIO.
(I-SPI GPIO izikhonkwane ziyizinombolo zomzimba ezinama-19, 21, 23, 24 no-26)
08 ka 09
Izikhonkwane ze-DNC
Ekugcineni kukhona izikhonkwane ezimbili ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuthi, njengamanje, zibhalwe njenge-DNC okumele 'Ungathinti'. Lokhu kungashintsha esikhathini esizayo uma i-Raspberry Pi Foundation ishintsha amabhodi / isofthiwe.
(Izikhonkwane ze-DNC GPIO ziyizinombolo zomzimba ezinama-27 no-28)
09 ka 09
Imihlangano Yezinombolo ze-GPIO
Uma uqhafaza ne-GPIO, unelungelo lokungenisa umtapo we-GPIO ngenye yezindlela ezimbili - i-BCM noma i-BOARD.
Ikhetho engikukhethayo yi-GPIO BCM. Lona umhlangano wokubhalisa we-Broadcom futhi ngithola ukuthi usetshenziselwa ngokujwayelekile kumaphrojekthi kanye nezengezo ze-hardware.
Inketho yesibili yi-GPIO BOARD. Le ndlela isebenzisa izinombolo zephini lomzimba esikhundleni salokho, okusebenzayo uma ubala izikhonkwane, kodwa uzothola ukuthi isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwezibonelo zephrojekthi.
Imodi ye-GPIO isethwe uma ingenisa ilabhulali ye-GPIO:
Ukungenisa njenge-BCM:
ngenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengo-GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)Ukungenisa njenge-BOARD:
ngenisa i-RPi.GPIO njengo-GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)Zombili lezi zindlela zenza umsebenzi ofanayo, kuyindaba nje yokukhetha izinombolo.
Ngivame ukusebenzisa amabhodi amalebuli we-GPIO asebenzayo njenge-RasPiO Portsplus (okufanekiselwe) ukuhlola ukuthi iziphi izikhonkwane engizixhumanisayo nazo. Olunye uhlangothi lubonisa umhlangano wokubala we-BCM, enye ikhombisa i-BOARD - ngakho uhlanganiswe nganoma imuphi umsebenzi owutholayo.