Ukubukeka Bheka Imicimbi Eyisisekelo Emlandweni We-inthanethi
Ukuze uqonde izitayela ze-web ezithuthukayo, kuyasiza ukuqonda umlando we-inthanethi nokuthi uye waqala kanjani kulokho abanye ababiza khona ukusa kwe Age of Information.
Umlando wami siqu we-intanethi waqala ekupheleni kuka-1988 lapho ngibhalisa ekolishi njengomfundi we-Computer Science Engineering. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa okuthandwa kakhulu kwe-intanethi cishe kungachazwa kangcono njengabafundi bekolishi beyeke. Ngokuqinisekile, yayinezinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo, kodwa futhi kwakukhona nobusuku obuningi bokugcina obusetshenziselwa iziteshi zengxoxo ezixhunywe nge-inthanethi nabafundi abazishintsha imibono enjalo ehlakaniphile njengalokho ababebukele kuthelevishini nokuthi babekuphi isidlo sakusihlwa.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi somlando we-intanethi, umsebenzi odumile wawuthumela izithombe zombhalo nge-imeyili. Lokhu kwakungaphambi kweminyaka yobudala behluzo ezithinta i-inthanethi, futhi isithombe sombhalo esigcwele izimpawu ze-ASCII (ie umbhalo ofana no- 'X' no-'O ') wasetshenziselwa ukwakha isithombe. Isithombe esithandwayo kunazo zonke esizungezile sasisithombe esikhulu sokugaxekile, ngokungangabazeki sibhekisela ku-Monty Python skit edumile. Lesi sithombe, kanye nabafundi ngokuphindaphindiwe baphinda igama elithi 'SPAM' eziteshini zezingxoxo, baqinisa izwi kuzichazamazwi zethu njenganoma yimiphi imibhalo engafuneki noma isithombe esithunyelwe nge-imeyili noma sithunyelwe emabhokisini omyalezo.
Umlando We-intanethi - Iziqalo Zakho Ezithobekile
Naphezu kwemfundiso ethandwa kakhulu, umlando we-intanethi awuqali nge-Al Gore ebugqila emhlanganweni. I-intanethi yayiwukuziphendukela kwezingcingo ze-computer ezaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-50, zashintsha ukuphenduka ngo-1969 ngenkathi i-ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) ixhuma i-UCLA eStrification Research Incent Center, futhi yaba yisikhulu ngo-1983 lapho bonke abakwa-hosting bephephile I-ARPANET ishintshelwe ku-TCP / IP.
Ngakho-ke, umlando we-inthanethi uqala kuphi? Kuyiqiniso ngempela umbono futhi kuxhomeke kakhulu kulokho umuntu ocabanga ukuthi wenza umthelela omkhulu kakhulu. Ngomuntu siqu, ngizobiza ngo-1969 isiqalo sayo esithobekile futhi ngo-1983 ekuqaleni kwayo okusemthethweni. I-Intanethi isekelwe kumthetho ojwayelekile wekhompyutha ukuze ushintshe ulwazi, futhi leyo protocol ejwayelekile yaqaliswa ngo-1983.
Umlando We-Intanethi - Umlando Wezinethiwekhi ezimbili
I-intanethi yavela ezingaphezu kwezikoleni kanye nezikhungo zikahulumeni ezixhuma amakhompyutha abo ndawonye nge-protocol ejwayelekile ebizwa nge- TCP / IP . Kwakukhona enye inethiwekhi ekhulayo eminyakeni yawo-1980 eyadlala indima: uhlelo lwebhodi lokubika.
I-Bulletin Board Systems (i-BBSs) yathandwa - okungenani phakathi kwama-geek technology - phakathi nama-80s lapho amamodemu athengwa kakhulu ngokwanele ukuba umuntu ojwayelekile awanikeze. Lezi zingxenye zokuqala ze-BBS zagijimiswa ngamamojimenti e-baud angu-300 ayephuza kakhulu ukubona umqulu wombhalo kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla njengokuthi othile uthayipha. (Eqinisweni, kwakungasheshi kunokuthayipha abanye abantu.)
Njengoba i-modem yaba ngokushesha, i-Bulletin Board Systems yaba nezinsiza ezivelele nakwezohwebo ezifana ne-CompuServe ne-America Online yaqala ukuvela. Kodwa ama-BBS amaningi aqhutshwa ngabanye ngabakhompyutha futhi akhululekile ukusebenzisa. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80, lapho imodemu iphenduka ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuyisekela, lawa ma-BBS aqala ukudala inethiwekhi yabo encane ngokubizana nokushintshanisa imiyalezo.
Lezi zinkundla zomphakathi azifani kakhulu nezinkundla lapha ku-About.com. Bavumele abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bafake ohlwini lokuthunyelwe nolwazi lokushintshanisa. Yiqiniso, amabhodi amilayezo ambalwa kakhulu asakaze umhlaba kusukela ekubizeni elinye izwe ukushintshanisa imiyalezo yayibiza kakhulu kubantu abaningi.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90, eziningi zalezi ze-BBS zaqala ukuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi ukusekela i-imeyili. Njengoba i-Inthanethi ikhula ekuthandeni, la ma-BBS ayimfihlo aqala ukuphela, kuyilapho amabhizinisi ama-BBS afana ne-America Online ahlangene ne-intanethi. Kodwa, ngezindlela eziningi, umoya we-BBSs uqhubeka ngendlela yamabhodi omyalezo odumile ngaphesheya kwe-intanethi.
I-Inthanethi ihamba ngokujwayelekile
Umlando wokuqala we-Inthanethi wawulawulwa yizikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezwe lezemfundo. Ngo-1994, i-intanethi yabekwa esidlangalaleni. Isiphequluli se-Mosaic sakhishwe ngonyaka odlule, futhi isithakazelo somphakathi siphendukela kulokho okwakungowesizinda sezifundo zezobuchwepheshe nezeteknoloji. Amakhasi e-Web aqala ukukhuphuka, futhi abantu kuyo yonke indawo baqala ukuqonda amathuba amakhulu wenethiwekhi exhunyiwe ehlanganisa umhlaba.
Lawa mawebhusayithi okuqala ayefana nedokhumenti yezwi elisebenzayo kunanoma yini enye, kodwa ehlangene nokuthandwa kwe-imeyili, iziteshi zokuxoxa ze-intanethi kanye namabhodi womyalezo we-BBS, yaba yindlela enhle yokuba abantu bahlale bexhunywe kubangani nomndeni kanye nebhizinisi ukufinyelela izilaleli eziningi.
Lokhu kuqhuma kwewebhu kwaletha izimpi zesiphequluli njengoba i- Netscape ne- Inthanethi Explorer ziyikhiphe ukuze ibe yindinganiso ye-facto kuma-desktops abantu. Futhi, ngezindlela eziningi, impi yesiphequluli iyaqhubeka ne-Netscape iya emathunzini nasezikhukhuleni ze-Mozilla sika-Firefox njengomncintiswano wesiphequluli sewebhu se-Microsoft.
Amawebhusayithi okuqala ayindlela enhle yokushintshanisa ulwazi, kodwa i-HTML (uLimi Lwemakethe Ye-Hypertext) luncane kakhulu kulokho engakwenza. Kuyisondelene kakhulu neprosesa yegama kunesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe obusha buvele bungasiza amabhizinisi ukwenza okuningi nge-inthanethi. Lezi zinkambinkimbi zazihlanganisa izilimi eziseceleni kwesiphakeli njenge-ASP kanye ne-PHP kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinkampani zobuchwepheshe njengeJava, i-JavaScript, ne-ActiveX.
Kwakungenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwalolu buchwepheshe ukuthi amabhizinisi anganqoba ukulinganiselwa kwe-HTML futhi adale izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu . Isicelo esilula kakhulu abantu abaningi abaye bawela kuyo yinqaba yokuthenga, evumela ukuthi sihlele izinto zethu kwiwebhu kunokuba sishaye esitolo. Futhi abantu abaningi baye baphendukela kwi-intanethi ukuze benze izintela zabo kunokugcwalisa zonke lezo fomu eziwubuqili.
Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi izwe lebhizinisi liyesabeka ngamandla akwazi ukuhlinzekwa nge-intanethi futhi lokho kuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwasomali. Izinkampani ze-intanethi (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Dot-Coms) zaqala ukuphuma ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla ngenkathi izinkampani ezinjenge-Amazon.com zazuzisa kakhulu kunabalingani bazo bendabuko njengoSears noRobuck ngisho noma bengakaze bathumele inzuzo.
Ukuwa kwe-Intanethi
I-intanethi kanye ne-'blue-com bubble 'yavuselela umnotho osindayo owaholela amanani entengo ezinkampanini ezazingenayo inzuzo ukuzisekela. Ukuqala kwe-Dot-com kwaba yimizuzu eyishumi nambili, beza ngamunye ngesithembiso sokungena kwi-pie ye-Intanethi.
Ekugcineni, othile uzoletha i-intanethi ngokoqobo, futhi kwenzeka ngo-2000 ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe-obunzima be-NASDAQ bukhomba ngaphezu kwama-5,000. Futhi, njengobuhlobo obuningi, ukulwa okuncane phakathi kwe-intanethi kanye neqiniso kwangena kwaba yizimpi ezinkulu kuze kube ngo-2001, babe nokungavumelani okukhulu futhi ngo-2002 babenqume ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-quits.
I-Web 2.0
Njengoba abantu babuyela eqinisweni, i-intanethi njenge-investment eqinile yavela futhi ngo-2003 futhi iye yanda kancane. Ehlomele ubuchwepheshe obufana neJava, i-Flash, i-PHP, i-ASP, i-CGI, i-.NET, njll, ukuthambekela okusha kwezokuxhumana nabantu kwaqala ukuphakama.
Ukuxhumana nomphakathi akuyona into entsha. Baye bahlala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwe-intanethi futhi baqala isikhathi sokuqala kwesintu. Uma uke wangena eqenjini labangani noma 'u-clique', uke waba ngowokuxhumana nabantu.
Amageyimu we-Inthanethi asetshenziselwe iminyaka eminingi 'namasosha' futhi 'uhlu lwabangani' ukusiza ukuxhuma abadlali kwabanye abadlali. Amawebhusayithi e-Social Networking abuyele phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-90 namawebhusayithi afana ne-classmates.com. Kodwa bafika phambili kuwebhu ngo-2005 lapho i-Myspace ivela ekuthandweni.
Ukukhangisa kwezenhlalakahle, i-Social Networking, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusakhulayo kubulethe ' iWeb 2.0 '. Namuhla, iWeb 2.0 iyinhloko yokumaketha futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma yikuphi 'ukusetshenziswa okusha' kwe-intanethi ephuma ngokuthandwa kwamabhulogi kanye nokunikezwa kwe-RSS ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela ezifana ne-Social Networking ne-AJAX ukuletha ndawonye isipiliyoni esisha somsebenzisi.
Uma ngabe siyoba ezobuchwepheshe, iwebhu yanamuhla mhlawumbe ichazwe ngokunembile njenge-'Web 3.0 'noma' iWeb 4.0 ', kodwa ihlanganisa inombolo yenguqulo yokukhiqiza noma yiyiphi ibhizinisi elibi kakhulu.
Lokho esingakusho ukuthi iwebhu iyashintsha njengoba abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-Inthanethi ukuxhuma nabangani nomndeni, ukuhlangabezana nabantu abasha, ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokwenza ibhizinisi.
Uma ngabe kufanele ngichaze kahle into ebizwa nge-'Web 2.0 ', ngingasho ukuthi njengomphakathi esasisebenzisa i-Intanethi njengethuluzi, futhi manje njengomphakathi, sihlangana ne-intanethi. Kuba yingxenye yethu kanye nengxenye yendlela esihlala ngayo esikhundleni sokuthi nje into esisebenzisa njengethuluzi.