I-Linux / Unix Command: ukubonisa
NAME
bonisa - bonisa isithombe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi osebenza nge-X
SYNOPSIS
bonisa [ izinketho ...] ifayela [ izinketho ...] ifayela
DESCRIPTION
Ukubonisa kungumshini wokuklanywa kwezithombe ozimele ozimele kanye nesistimu yokubonisa. Ingabonisa isithombe kunoma yisiphi isikrini somsebenzi esisebenza nge-X server. Ukubonisa kungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala amafomethi ezithombe athandwa kakhulu (isib., I- PNM , i- Photo CD , njll).
Ngokubonisa, ungenza le misebenzi esithombeni:
o ukulayisha isithombe kusuka kufayili
o ubonise isithombe esilandelayo
o ubonise isithombe sangaphambili
o ubonisa ukulandelana kwezithombe njenge-slide show
o bhala isithombe kufayela
o shicilela isithombe kumshicileli we- PostScript
o susa ifayela lesithombe
o ukudala i-Visual Image Directory Directory
o ukhethe isithombe ozoboniswa ngesithonjana sayo kunokuthi igama
o lungisa ukuguqulwa kwesithombe sokugcina
o ukukopisha isifunda somfanekiso
o unamathisele isifunda esithombeni
o buyisela isithombe kwisayizi yaso yangempela
o uvuselele isithombe
o uhhafu usayizi wesithombe
o kabili usayizi wesithombe
o ushintsha isithombe
o ukutshala isithombe
o usike isithombe
o isithombe se-flop esiqondisweni esingenhla
o flip isithombe esiqondisweni
o ukujikeleza isithombe se-degree degrees 90
o ujikeleze isithombe se-degree degrees counter-clockwise
o ujikeleze isithombe
o shaya isithombe
o udwebe isithombe
o qeda imiphetho yesithombe
o ukuguqula imibala yesithombe
o ukushintsha ukukhanya kombala
o ukuhluka kwe-saturation yombala
o shiyana isithombe se-image
o Gamma ulungisa isithombe
o hlaziya ukuhluka komfanekiso
o buthaka ukuhluka komfanekiso
o enza i-histogram equalization esithombeni
o ukwenza i-histogram yokujwayelekile esimweni
o unqabe imibala yesithombe
o guqula isithombe kuze kube yi-grayscale
o usethe inani eliphezulu lemilayezo ehlukile esithombeni
o ukunciphisa ama-speckles ngaphakathi kwesithombe
o susa umsindo ophakeme wesithombe
o thola imiphetho ngaphakathi kwesithombe
o emboss isithombe
o ingxenye yesithombe ngombala
o fanisa umdwebo wamafutha
o fanisa umdwebo wamalahle
o sichaza isithombe ngombhalo
o udwebe esithombeni
o hlela umbala we-pixel wesithombe
o hlela ulwazi lwe-matte yesithombe
o uhlanganisa isithombe nesinye
o engeza umngcele wesithombe
o ozungeze isithombe ngomngcele wokuhlobisa
o sebenzisa amasu okucubungula isithombe endaweni yesithakazelo
o ubonise ulwazi mayelana nesithombe
o sondeza ingxenye yesithombe
o bonisa i-histogram yesithombe
o ubonisa isithombe ngemuva kwesiwindi
o usetha izintandokazi zomsebenzisi
o ubonise ulwazi ngalolu hlelo
o ukulahla zonke izithombe nohlelo lokuphuma
o ushintshe izinga lokukhulisa
o ukubonisa izithombe ezichazwe yi- World Wide Web (WWW) yendawo yemithombo yendawo efanayo (URL)
EXAMPLES
Ukukala isithombe se-cockatoo kuya kumaphikseli angu-640 ngobubanzi nangama- pixel angu- 480 ekuphakameni futhi ubeke iwindi endaweni (200 200), sebenzisa:
ukubonisa -geometry 640x480 + 200 + 200! cockatoo.miff
Ukuze ubonise isithombe se-cockatoo ngaphandle komngcele ogxile ngemuva, sebenzisa:
bonisa + umngcele we-borderwidth -i-backdrop cockatoo.miff
Ukuthungela ukuthungwa kwe-slate kwiwindi lempande, sebenzisa:
bonisa -susa i-1280x1024 -window impande slate.png
Ukuze ubonise isiqondisi sesithombe esibukwayo kuzo zonke izithombe zakho ze-JPEG, sebenzisa:
bonisa 'vid: *. jpg'
Ukuze ubonise isithombe se-MAP esingama-pixels angu-640 ngobubanzi kanye nama-pixel angu-480 ekuphakameni ngamabala angu-256, sebenzisa:
bonisa - yenza 640x480 + 256 cockatoo.map
Ukuze ubonise umfanekiso we-cockatoo echazwe nge-locator resource locator (URL) , sebenzisa:
bonisa ftp://wizards.dupont.com/images/cockatoo.jpg
Ukubonisa i-histogram yesithombe, sebenzisa:
guqula ifayela file HISTOGRAM: - | bonisa -
AMAKHONO
Izinketho zicutshungulwa ku-oda lomyalo womyalo. Noma iyiphi inketho oyibekayo emgqeni womyalo ihlala isebenza kuze kube yilapho ishintshwe ngokucacile ngokucacisa inketho futhi ngomphumela ohlukile. Isibonelo ukubonisa izithombe ezintathu, owokuqala onemibala engu-32, owesibili ngenani elingenamkhawulo wembala, kanti okwesithathu onemibala engu-16 kuphela, sebenzisa:
ukubonisa -izikole 32 cockatoo.miff -noop duck.miff
-color 16 macaw.miff
Izinketho zokubonisa zingabonakala kumugqa womyalo noma kufayela lakho lezinsiza ze-X. Bona i- X (1) . Izinketho emgqeni we-oda ziphakamisa izindinganiso ezichazwe kufayela lakho lezinsiza X.
Umbala we-backdrop <
bonisa isithombe esisekelwe ngemuva.
-bukhoma
umbala wangemuva
-border
zungeze isithombe ngomngcele wombala
-bordercolor
umbala osemngceleni
-borderwidth
ububanzi bomngcele
-cache
ama-megabytes yememori atholakalayo ku-cache ye-pixel
-colorap
chaza uhlobo lombala
-color
inombolo ekhethiwe yemibala esithombeni
-colorspace
uhlobo lwebalabala
-comment
chaza isithombe ngokuphawula
-compress
uhlobo lokucindezela isithombe
-ngaphandle
ukuthuthukisa noma ukunciphisa ukuhluka kwesithombe
-crop
usayizi okhethwayo nendawo yesithombe esinqunyiwe
-debug
nika amandla ukuphrinta ukuphrinta
-delay <1 / 100ths yesibili>
bonisa isithombe esilandelayo ngemva kokumisa okwesikhashana
ububanzi
isinqumo esiqondile nesingqimba kuma-pixels wesithombe
-depth
ukujula kwesithombe
-despeckle
ukunciphisa ama-speckles ngaphakathi kwesithombe
-ukudlala
ucacisa iseva ye-X ukuxhumana naye
-kubeka
Indlela yokulahla kwe-GIF
-lapha
faka ukwephulwa kwephutha le-Floyd / Steinberg esithombeni
thola imiphetho ngaphakathi kwesithombe
-endian
cacisa i-endianness (MSB noma i-LSB) yomkhiqizo wesithombe
-ukuthuthukisa
sebenzisa isihlungi sedijithali ukuthuthukisa isithombe somsindo
-filter
sebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuhlunga uma ushintsha isithombe
-flip
dala "isithombe esibukweni"
-flop
dala "isithombe esibukweni"
-font
sebenzisa leli fayela uma usichaza isithombe ngombhalo
-mhlaba
chaza umbala ongaphambili
Ububanzi be-<
zizungeze isithombe ngomngcele wokuhlobisa
-gamma
izinga lokulungiswa kwe-gamma
-geometri
usayizi okhethwayo nendawo yefasitela lesithombe.
-Usizo
phrinta imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa
-iconGeometry
ucacise isithonjana se-geometry
-iconic
izithombe zesithonjana
-ngenakuqhathaniswa
yenza isithombe singenakwenzeka
-ngaphakathi
uhlobo lohlelo lokuphambana
-label
nika ilebula esithombeni
-magnify
sikhulise isithombe
-map
bonisa isithombe usebenzisa lolu hlobo.
-matte
gcina isiteshi se-matte uma isithombe sinye
-mattecolor
ucacise umbala we-matte
-monochrome
guqula isithombe sibe mnyama nomhlophe
-name
igama isithombe
-negate
shintsha wonke amaphikseli nombala walo ohambisanayo
-noop
NOOP (akukho okukhethwa kukho)
-khasi
ubukhulu nendawo yesikhumba sesithombe
-balinganisela
Izinga lokucindezela i-JPEG / MIFF / PNG
-bubanzi
ukukhanyisa noma ukufiphaza imiphetho yesithombe
-remote
yenza ukusebenza okude
-roll {+ -}
hamba isithombe ngokuqondile noma ngokuzungezile
-rotate
sebenzisa ukushintshwa kwesithombe se-Paeth esithombeni
-Isibonelo
umfanekiso wesilinganiso nge-pixel sampling
-sampling_factor
izibonelo zesampuli ezisetshenziselwa i-JPEG noma i- MPEG-2 encoder kanye ne-YUV encoder / encoder.
-scenes
ububanzi bezinombolo zesithombe zesithombe sokufunda
-sungula < isihluthulelo se- cluster> x
ingxenye yesithombe
-i-shared_memory
sebenzisa imemori eyabelwe
I- radius
hlaziya isithombe
-size
ububanzi nokuphakama kwesithombe
-text_font
ifonti yokubhala umbhalo obanzi-ububanzi
-kuhlanganiswa
igama lokuthungatha ukuze ulandise ngemuva kwesizinda sesithombe
isihloko- string
nika isihloko sokubonisa isithombe [ animate, display, montage ]
-treedepth
ukujula kwesihlahla ukulungiswa kombala we-algorithm
-trim
qeda isithombe
-update
thola uma ifayela lesithombe liguqulwa futhi liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde libe khona.
-use_pixmap
sebenzisa i-pixmap
-verbose
phrinta ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesithombe
-ukubuka
izithombe izithombe usebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-X olubukwayo
-window
yenza umfanekiso ngemuva kwewindi
-window_group
ucacise iqembu lewindi
-ubhala
bhala isithombe kufayela [ ukubonisa ]
AMAKHAYA AMAKHAYA
Imiphumela yomshini ngamunye wezinkinobho ichazwe ngezansi. Kudingeka izinkinobho ezintathu. Uma unegundane lezinkinobho ezimbili, inkinobho 1 no-3 zibuyiselwa. Cindezela i- ALT ne-3 inkinobho ukuze ulingise inkinobho 2.
1
Cindezela le nkinobho ukuze ubalameze noma ungafaki iwijethi ye-Command. Bona isigaba esilandelayo ngolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana newijethi ye-Command.
2
Cindezela bese uhudula ukuze uchaze isifunda sesithombe ukukhulisa.
3
Cindezela bese uhudula ukuze ukhethe kusuka kusethi ekhethiwe yokubonisa (1) imiyalo. Le nkinobho iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile uma isithombe siboniswa yisiqondiso somfanekiso esibukwayo. Khetha itayili ethile yerekhodi bese ucindezela le nkinobho bese uhudule ukuze ukhethe umyalo ovela kwimenyu ye-pop-up. Khetha kusuka kulezi zinto zemenyu:
Vula
Olandelayo
Ngaphambili
Susa
Ukubuyekeza
Uma ukhetha Vula , isithombe esimelelwa ngetayili siboniswa. Ukuze ubuyele ku-directory yesithombe esibukwayo, khetha Okulandelayo kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command (bhekani ku-Command Widget). Okulandelayo futhi Okudlulela kumfanekiso olandelayo noma wangaphambili ngokulandelanayo. Khetha Susa ukuze ususe itayili ethile yesithombe. Okokugcina, khetha ukuvuselela ukuvumelanisa wonke amathayili wesithombe ngemifanekiso yabo. Bheka i-montage ne-miff ngeminye imininingwane.
UKUHLELA KOMTHETHO
Iwijethi ye-Command ibala uhlu lwamamenyu amancane kanye nemiyalo. Kunjalo
Ifayela
Vula ...
Olandelayo
Ngaphambili
Khetha ...
Londoloza ...
Phrinta ...
Susa ...
I-Canvas ...
I-Directory Ebonakalayo ...
Yeka
Hlela
Hlehlisa
Buyisela
Sika
Kopisha
Namathisela
Buka
Usayizi wesihafu
Usayizi wangempela
Usayizi Obubili
Shintsha kabusha ...
Faka isicelo
Qala kabusha
Buyisela
Guqula
Khulisa
Chop
I-Flop
Flip
Jikela ngakwesokudla
Jikela ngakwesobunxele
Jikela ...
Shear ...
Roll ...
Hlanganisa i-Edges
Thuthukisa
Hue ...
Ukwaneliseka ...
Ukukhanya ...
I-Gamma ...
I-Spiff ...
Dull
Linganisa
Yenza njalo
Nciphisa
I-GRAYscale
Qinisekisa ...
Imiphumela
Despeckle
Emboss
Nciphise umsindo
Engeza umsindo
Cijela ...
I-Blur ...
I-Threshold ...
I-Edge Detect ...
Spread ...
Umthunzi ...
Phakamisa ...
Ingxenye ...
F / X
I-solarize ...
I-Swirl ...
Phonsa ...
I-Wave ...
I-Paint yamafutha ...
Amakhadi Dweba ...
Ukuhlela isithombe
Memezela ...
Dweba ...
Umbala ...
I-Matte ...
Okuhlanganisiwe ...
Engeza umkhawulo ...
Engeza uhlaka ...
Amazwana ...
Qala ...
Isifunda sesithakazelo ...
Miscellany
Ulwazi Lwesithombe
Sondeza isithombe
Bonisa kuqala ...
Bonisa i-Histogram
Bonisa i-Matte
Ingemuva ...
Umbukiso wesilayidi
Izintandokazi ...
Usizo
Sibutsetelo
Dlulisa amehlo kumadokhumenti
Mayelana nokubonisa
Izinto ze-intanethi ngexantathu enezintambo zine-sub-menu. Bamelelwa ngenhla njengezinto ezifakiwe. Ukuze ufinyelele into engaphansi kweminye imenyu, thutha umlayezo kwimenyu efanele bese ucindezela inkinobho 1 bese uhudula. Uma uthola into efunwa yimenyu engaphansi, vula inkinobho bese umyalo uphathwa. Hambisa i-pointer kude nemenyu engaphansi uma unquma ukungenzi umyalo othize.
I-ACCELERATORS YE-KEYBOARD
Ama-accelerators yi-press eyodwa eyodwa noma ezimbili ezenza umyalo othize. I-accelerator yekhibhodi ebonisa ukuqonda iwukuthi:
Ctl + O Cindezela ukulayisha isithombe kusuka kufayili.
isikhala Cindezela ukubonisa isithombe esilandelayo.
Uma isithombe siyimadokhumenti enamathekisthi amaningi njengedokhumenti ye- PostScript , ungakwazi ukweqa amakhasi amaningana ngokulandela lo myalo ngenombolo. Isibonelo ukubonisa ikhasi lesine ngaphandle kwekhasi lamanje, cindezela i-4space.
backspace Cindezela ukubonisa isithombe sangaphambili.
Uma isithombe siyimadokhumenti enamathebhu amaningi njengedokhumenti ye- PostScript , ungakwazi ukweqa ngemuva kwamakhasi amaningana ngokulandelele lo myalo ngenombolo. Isibonelo ukubonisa ikhasi lesine elingaphambi kwekhasi lamanje, cindezela u-4n.
Ctl-S Cindezela ukugcina isithombe kufayili.
Ctl-P Cindezela ukuphrinta isithombe ku-
Iphrinta ye- PostScript .
Ctl-D Cindezela ukususa ifayela lesithombe.
Ctl-N Cindezela ukwakha ingubo engenalutho.
Ctl-Q Cindezela ukulahla zonke izithombe nohlelo lokuphuma.
Ctl + Z Cindezela ukuhlehlisa ukuguqulwa kwesithombe sokugcina.
Ctl + R Cindezela ukubuyela emuva ekuguqulweni kwesithombe sokugcina.
Ctl-X Cindezela ukusika isifunda
isithombe.
Ctl-C Cindezela ukukopisha isifunda
isithombe.
Ctl-V Cindezela ukunamathisela isifunda ku-
isithombe.
& lt; Cindezela ukuhlukanisa usayizi wesithombe.
. Cindezela ukubuyela esayizi yesithombe sokuqala.
> Cindezela ukuphinda kabili usayizi wesithombe.
% Cindezela ukushintsha usayizi wesithombe ububanzi nokuphakama
ucacisa.
Cmd-A Cindezela ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwesithombe unomphela.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwesayizi wezithombe kukhona
isetshenziswe esithombeni sokuqala ukudala isithombe
kuboniswa kwiseva ye-X.
Nokho, i
ukuguqulwa akukhona okuphakade (okungukuthi okokuqala
isithombe asishintshi usayizi kuphela isithombe se-X esenzayo).
Isibonelo, uma ucindezela ">" isithombe se-X sizo
kubonakala ukuba usayizi kabili, kodwa isithombe sokuqala
empeleni kuzohlala ubukhulu obufanayo. Ukuphoqa
isithombe sokuqala ukuba usayizi kabili, cindezela ">" kulandelwe
"Cmd-A".
@ Cindezela ukuvuselela iwindi lesithombe.
C Cindezela ukutshala isithombe.
[Cindezela ukusika isithombe.
H Cindezela isithombe se-flop esiqondisweni esinqunyiwe.
V Cindezela ukufiphaza isithombe kusiqondiso esiqondile.
/ Cindezela ukujikeleza isithombe se-degree degrees 90.
\ Cindezela ukuguqula isithombe se-degree 90
ngokumelene newashi.
* Cindezela ukujikeleza isithombe
inani lezindiza ozichazayo.
S Cindezela ukuklebhula isithombe inombolo yamadigri
ucacisa.
R Cindezela ukugoqa isithombe.
T Cindezela ukunciphisa imiphetho yesithombe.
Shft-H Cindezela ukushintsha umbala wombala.
Shft-S Cindezela ukushintsha ukuhlanganiswa kombala.
Shft-L Cindezela ukushintsha ukukhanya kwesithombe.
Shft-G Cindezela ku-gamma ulungise isithombe.
Shft-C Cindezela ukuphikisa ukuhluka kwesithombe.
Shft-Z Cindezela ukunciphisa ukuhluka kwesithombe.
= Cindezela ukwenza i-histogram equalization ku
isithombe.
Shft-N Cindezela ukwenza ubuchwepheshe be-histogram ku
isithombe.
Shft- ~ Cindezela ukunganaki imibala yesithombe.
. Cindezela ukuguqula imibala yesithombe ibe grey.
Shft- # Cindezela ukusetha inombolo ephezulu eyingqayizivele
imibala esithombeni.
F2 Cindezela ukunciphisa ama-speckles esithombeni.
F2 Cindezela ukufaka isithombe.
F4 Cindezela ukuqeda umsindo we-peak ovela esithombeni.
F5 Cindezela ukwengeza umsindo esithombeni.
F6 Cindezela ukulungisa isithombe.
F7 Cindezela ukufiphaza isithombe isithombe.
F8 Cindezela ukuvala isithombe.
F9 Cindezela ukuthola imiphetho ngaphakathi kwesithombe.
F10 Cindezela ukukhipha amaphikseli ngenani elingavamile.
F11 Cindezela ukuthunga isithombe usebenzisa ukukhanya okude
umthombo.
F12 Cindezela ukukhanyisa noma ukufiphaza imiphetho yesithombe ukudala
umphumela we-3-D.
F13 Cindezela ukuze uhlele isithombe ngombala.
I-Meta-S Cindezela ukuhambisa amaphikseli wesithombe mayelana nendawo.
I-Meta-I Cindezela ukufaka impendulo yamaphikseli wesithombe mayelana nendawo.
I-Meta-W Cindezela ukushintsha isithombe eceleni kwe-sine wave.
I-Meta-P Cindezela ukufanisa ukudweba kwamafutha.
I-Meta-C Cindezela ukulingisa umdwebo wamalahle.
Alt-X Cindezela ukuhlanganisa isithombe
ngenye.
I-Alt-A Cindezela ukusho isithombe ngesithombe.
I-Alt-D Cindezela ukudweba umugqa esithombeni.
Alt-P Cindezela ukuhlela umbala we-pixel wesithombe.
Alt-M Cindezela ukuhlela ulwazi lwe-matte yesithombe.
I-Alt-X Cindezela ukuhlanganisa isithombe nomunye.
I-Alt-A Cindezela ukwengeza umngcele wesithombe.
I-Alt-F Cindezela ukwengeza ifreyimu yokuhlobisa esithombeni.
Alt-Shft-! Cindezela ukwengeza amazwana wesithombe.
I-Ctl-A Cindezela ukusebenzisa amasu okucubungula isithombe ku
esifundeni sesithakazelo.
Shft-? Cindezela ukubonisa ulwazi mayelana nesithombe.
Shft- + Cindezela ukudweba iwindi lesithombe sokusondeza.
Shft-P Cindezela ukubuka kuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe, umphumela,
noma f / x.
F1 Cindezela ukubonisa ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana
"isibonakaliso" sosizo.
Thola Cindezela ukuze upheqa amadokhumenti mayelana ne-ImageMagick.
1-9 Cindezela ukushintsha izinga lokukhulisa.
Sebenzisa okhiye bomcibisholo ukuhambisa isithombe se-pixel esisodwa phezulu, phansi, ngakwesobunxele, noma ngakwesokudla ngaphakathi kwesikrini sokukhulisa. Qinisekisa ukuqala imephu ukukhulisa iwindi ngokucindezela inkinobho 2.
Cindezela u-ALT nomunye wemicibisholo yokucibungula ukuze unciphise i-pixel eyodwa kusuka kunoma yikuphi uhlangothi lwesithombe.
X IZINCWADI
Izinketho zokubonisa zingavela kumugqa womyalo noma kufayili yakho yezinsiza ze-X. Izinketho emgqeni wokulayisa uphakamisa amanani achazwe kwifayili yakho yezinsiza X. Bheka i- X (1) ngolwazi oluthe xaxa kwizinsiza ze-X.
Izinketho eziningi zokubonisa zinomthombo we-X ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonisa kubonisa izinsiza X ezilandelayo:
isizinda (isigaba sangemuva)
Icacisa umbala okhethwayo ongayisebenzisa ngemuva kwesizinda sesithombe sesithombe. Okuzenzakalelayo kungu- #ccc.
umngceleColor (isigaba BorderColor)
Icacisa umbala okhethwayo ongayisebenzisa kumngcele wesithombe wesithombe. Okuzenzakalelayo kungu- #ccc.
umngceleWidth (isigaba BorderWidth)
Icacisa ububanzi ngamaphikseli wesigcawu sewindi lesithombe. Okuzenzakalelayo kungu-2.
pheqululaCommand (i-class browseCommand)
Icacisa igama lesiphequluli esithandwayo uma ubonisa imibhalo ye-ImageMagick. Okuzenzakalelayo yi-netscape% s.
qinisekisaExit (isigaba ConfirmExit)
Bonisa i- pops up ibhokisi lengxoxo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphuma ohlelweni uma uphuma ohlelweni. Setha le nsiza ku-Amanga ukuze uphume ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa.
bonisaGamma (isigaba se-DisplayGamma)
Icacisa i-gamma ye-X iseva. Ungasebenzisa amanani we-gamma ahlukene kumashaneli abomvu, aluhlaza, naphezulu okwesibhakabhaka wesithombe ngohlu lwamanani we-gamma oluhlanjululwe ngamanqamu (okungukuthi 1.7 / 2.3 / 1.2). Okuzenzakalelayo yi-2.2.
bonisaIzixwayiso (isigaba sokubonisa izixwayiso)
Bonisa i- pops up ibhokisi lengxoxo uma kunomyalezo wokuxwayisa okwenzekayo. Setha le nsiza ku-Amanga ukungazinaki imiyalezo yokuxwayisa.
(i-class FontList)
Icacisa igama lefonti ekhethiwe ukuyisebenzisa kumbhalo ojwayelekile ofomethiwe. Okuzenzakalelayo ngu-14 iphuzu Helvetica.
ifonti [1-9] (isigaba sefonti [1-9])
Icacisa igama lefonti ekhethiwe ukuyisebenzisa uma usichaza iwindi lesithombe ngombhalo. Amafonti okuzenzakalelayo ahleliwe, aguquguqukayo, ama-5x8, 6x10, i-7x13bold, i-8x13bold, i-9x15bold, i-10x20, ne-12x24.
phambili (ekilasini ngaphambili)
Icacisa umbala okhethwayo ozowusebenzisa umbhalo ngaphakathi kwewindi lesithombe. Okuzenzakalelayo kumnyama.
gammaIngalungile (ikilasi gammaIngalungile)
Le nsiza, uma iqinisile, izokhipha noma ibenze imfucuza isithombe se-gamma eyaziwayo ukufanisa i-gamma yesiboniso (bheka ukubonisa imithomboGamma). Okuzenzakalelayo kuyiqiniso.
iJometri (isigaba seGeometry)
Icacisa usayizi okhethwayo nesimo sewindi lesithombe. Akulalelwanga yibo bonke abaphathi bewindi.
Ama-Offsets, uma ekhona, aphathwa ngo- X (1) isitayela. I-offset ye-x engalungile ilinganiswa ukusuka enqenqemeni elungile lesikrini ukuya enqenqemeni elungile lesithonjana, futhi i-offset engalungile ilinganiswa kusukela emaphethelweni angaphansi kweskrini kuya emaphethelweni angaphansi kwesithonjana.
isithonjanaGeometry (isigaba IconGeometry)
Icacisa usayizi okhethwayo nesimo sesicelo uma kufakwe uphawu. Akulalelwanga yibo bonke abaphathi bewindi.
Ama-Offsets, uma ekhona, aphathwa ngendlela efanayo nakwiGeometry yeklasi.
isithonjana esiyingqayizivele (isigaba se-Iconic)
Lo mthombo ubonisa ukuthi ungathanda ukuthi amawindi wesicelo ekuqaleni angabonakali njengokungathi amafasitela aboniswe ngokushesha kuwe. Abaphathi befenisha bangakhetha ukungahloniphi isicelo sesicelo.
phakamisa (iklasi lihloniphe)
ucacisa into ebalulekile lapho isithombe kufanele sikhuliswe khona. Okuzenzakalelayo ngu-3. Leli xabiso lithinta kuphela iwindi lokukhulisa elibizwa ngenombolo ye-inkinobho 3 emva kokuba isithombe sibonisiwe.
matteColor (isigaba MatteColor)
Cacisa umbala wamawindi. Isetshenziselwa izizinda zamawindi, amamenyu, kanye nezaziso. Umphumela we-3D utholakala ngokusebenzisa ukugqamisa nemibala yesithunzi evela kulo mbala. Inani elizenzakalelayo: # 697B8F.
igama (iklasi igama)
Lo mthombo ucacisa igama ngaphansi kweziphi izinsiza zesicelo okufanele zitholakale. Lo mthombo uwusizo emaqenjini egobolondo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokucela isicelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukudala izixhumanisi zokushintsha igama lefayela eliphathekayo. Okuzenzakalelayo yigama lesicelo.
ipeni [1-9] (i-class Pen [1-9])
Icacisa umbala wefonti ekhethiwe ukuyisebenzisa uma usichaza iwindi lesithombe ngombhalo. Imibala ezenzakalelayo ingumnyama, okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, i-cyan, i-gray, ebomvu, i-magenta, ephuzi, neyomhlophe.
phrintaIkhamera (i-class PrintCommand)
Lo myalo ukwenziwa uma kunikezwa ukuphrinta. Ngokuvamile, umyalo wokuphrinta i- PostScript kuphrinta yakho. Inani elizenzakalelayo: lp -c -s% i.
wabelaneMemory (isigaba esabiweMemory)
Lo mthombo ucacisa ukuthi ngabe ukubonisa kumele kuzame ukusebenzisa imemori okwabiwe yamaphikmaps. I-ImageMagick kumele ihlanganiswe ngokusekelwa kwememori okwabiwe, futhi isibonisi kumele sisekele isandiso se-MIT-SHM. Ngaphandle kwalokho, le nsiza ayinakwa. Okuzenzakalelayo kuyiqiniso.
umbhaloFont (i-class textFont)
Icacisa igama lefonti elithandwayo ukuze lisetshenziswe kumbhalo ohleliwe (isitayela somshini wokubhala). Okuzenzakalelayo yi-14 ikhodi ye-Courier.
isihloko ( isihloko sesigaba)
Lo mthombo ucacisa isihloko okufanele sisetshenziselwe iwindi lesithombe. Lolu lwazi ngezinye izikhathi lusetshenziswa umphathi wewindi ukuhlinzeka ikhanda elikhomba iwindi. Okuzenzakalelayo yigama lefayela lesithombe.
Susa okungahlelekile (isigaba HlehlisaCache)
Icacisa, kuma-mega-bytes, inani lememori kusikhumbuzi sokuhlela esilungisiwe. Isikhathi ngasinye uma ulungisa isithombe sigcinwa kwisilondolozi sokuhlela esingalungile uma nje imemori iyatholakala. Ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa okukodwa noma okuningi kwalokhu kuguqulwa. Okuzenzakalelayo yi-16 Megabytes.
sebenzisaPixmap (i-class UsePixmap)
Izithombe zigcinwa njenge-XImage ngokuzenzakalelayo. Setha le nsiza ku-True ukusebenzisa isiphakeli se-Pixmap esikhundleni. Lolu khetho luwusizo uma isithombe sakho sidlula ubukhulu beskrini sakho sevava futhi uhlose ukwenza isithombe. I-panning iyashesha kakhulu nge-Pixmaps kune-XImage. I-Pixmaps ibhekwa njengento eyigugu, isebenzise ngokuhlakanipha.
Ukusetha i-geometry ye-Magnify noma i-Pan noma iwindi, sebenzisa imithombo ye-geometry. Isibonelo, ukusetha i-geometry ye-Pan ye-256x256, sebenzisa:
bonisa.pan.geometry: 256x256
IMAGE LOADING
Ukukhetha isithombe ongabonisa, khetha i- Open ye-Imenyu engaphansi kwemenyu kusuka kuwijethi yokuLawula. Isiphequluli sefayela siboniswa. Ukuze ukhethe ifayela lesithombe esithile, thutha i-pointer egameni lefayela bese ucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho. Igama lefayela likopishwa kwindwangu yombhalo. Okulandelayo, cindezela Vula noma cindezela ikhi ye- RETURN . Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathayipha igama lefayela lesithombe ngqo ewindini lombhalo. Ukuze wehla izinkomba, khetha igama lomqondisi bese ucindezela inkinobho kabili ngokushesha. I-scrollbar ivumela uhlu olubanzi lwamagama okufakiwe ukuba luhanjiswe endaweni yokubuka uma lidlula usayizi wendawo yohlu.
Ungahlunga uhlu lwamagama wefayela ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ze-shell globbing. Isibonelo, thayipha * .jpg ukuze uhlenge amafayela kuphela aphela nge - .jpg.
Ukuze ukhethe isithombe sakho kusuka kwesikrini se-server se-X esikhundleni sefayela, Khetha i- Grab yewijethi evuliwe .
UMLAWULI WOKUPHILA OKUVELA
Ukwakha Uhlu Lomfanekiso Wezithombe, khetha i-Visual Directory ye-sub-imenyu yefayela kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command. Isiphequluli sefayela siboniswa. Ukwakha Uhlu Lomfanekiso Wezithombe ezivela kuzo zonke izithombe kuhla lwemibhalo yamanje, cindezela u- Directory noma cindezela ikhi ye-RETURN . Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungakhetha isethi yamagama wesithombe ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ze-shell globbing. Isibonelo, thayipha * .jpg ukuze ufake amafayela kuphela aphela nge - .jpg. Ukuze wehla izinkomba, khetha igama lomqondisi bese ucindezela inkinobho kabili ngokushesha. I-scrollbar ivumela uhlu olubanzi lwamagama okufakiwe ukuba luhanjiswe endaweni yokubuka uma lidlula usayizi wendawo yohlu.
Emva kokukhetha iqoqo lamafayela, aphendulelwa abe izithonjana futhi ahanjiswe esithombeni esisodwa. Manje susa isikhombisi kwisithonjana esithile bese ucindezela inkinobho 3 bese uhudula. Ekugcineni, khetha Vula. Isithombe esimele isithonjana siboniswa ngosayizi ogcwele. Khetha Okulandelayo kusuka kumenyu engaphansi kwefayela ye-widget yoMyalo ukubuyela ku-Directory Yobuso Yobuso.
UKUSETSHENZISWA KWEZIMAGE
Qaphela ukuthi ukusika ulwazi lwewindi lesithombe akugcinwa izibonisi ze-X eziphathekayo (isib. StaticColor , StaticColor , GRAYScale , PseudoColor ). Ukulungisa ukuziphatha okuhle kungadinga i- TrueColor noma i- DirectColor ebonakalayo noma i- Standard Colormap .
Ukuze uqale, cindezela khetha i- Cut ye- Hlela sub-menu kusuka ku-widget Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela u- F3 efasiteleni lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usemodeni yokusika. Ngemodi yokusika, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Usizo
Khubaza
Ukuze uchaze isifunda esinqunyiwe, cindezela inkinobho 1 bese uhudula. Isifunda esinqunyiwe sichazwa ngxande olugqamile olwandisa noma olunkontileka njengoba lulandela inkomba. Uma unelisekile esifundeni esinqunyiwe, khipha inkinobho. Manje ususemodi yokulungisa. Kumodi yokulungisa, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Sika
Usizo
Khubaza
Ungenza izinguquko ngokuhambisa ummangali kwenye yezingxenyana ezihlukanisiwe, ucindezele inkinobho, bese uhudula. Ekugcineni, cindezela u-Cut ukuze wenze isifunda sakho sekhophi. Ukuze uphume ngaphandle kokusika isithombe, cindezela ukuCima.
I-IMAGE COPYING
Ukuze uqale, cindezela ukhethe Kopisha we- Hlela sub-menu kusuka kuwijethi Yoyalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela u- F4 efasiteleni lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usukhodi yekhophi. Kumodi yekhophi, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Usizo
Khubaza
Ukuze uchaze isifunda sekhophi, cindezela inkinobho 1 bese uhudula. Isifunda sekhophi sichazwa ngxande olugqamile olwandisa noma olunkontileka njengoba lulandela inkomba. Uma usukwanelisiwe esifundeni sekhophi, khulula inkinobho. Manje ususemodi yokulungisa. Kumodi yokulungisa, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Kopisha
Usizo
Khubaza
Ungenza izinguquko ngokuhambisa isikhombimsebenzisi kwelinye lamakhonksi ohlangothini lwekontana, ucindezela inkinobho, bese uhudula. Ekugcineni, cindezela Kopisha ukuze wenze isifunda sakho sekhophi. Ukuze uphume ngaphandle kokukopisha isithombe, cindezela ukuCima.
UKUPHILA KWEZIMAGE
Ukuqala, cindezela khetha Ukunamathisela kwe-Imenyu engaphansi kwemenyu kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela i- F5 efasiteleni lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usemodi yokunamathisela. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Kumodi yokunamathisela, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Abasebenzisi
ngaphezulu
ku
phandle
i-atop
xor
plus
susa
engeza
susa
umehluko
yande
bumpmap
shintsha
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe kusuka kumenyu engaphansi kwe- Operators yewijethi yokuLawula. Ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye kuchazwa ngezansi. ifasitelana lesithombe ngumfanekiso okwamanje oboniswe kwisiphakeli sakho se-X nesithombe isithombe esitholakalayo ngewijethi ye-File Browser.
ngaphezulu
Umphumela uba ubumbano obunjwa bobunjwa bomfanekiso, ngesithombe esifihla iwindi lesithombe esifundeni sokudlula.
ku
Umphumela wumfanekiso nje owenziwe ngesimo sewindi lesithombe . Ayikho yedatha yesithombe yesindo lesithombe ekuphumela.
phandle
Isithombe esiphezulu yisithombe ngesimo sewindi lesithombe esinqunywe.
i-atop
Umphumela ukufana okufana newindo lesithombe , ngesithombe esikufihla iwindi lesithombe lapho ukubunjwa kwesithombe kufaka khona. Qaphela lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ngoba ingxenye yesithombe ngaphandle kwesimo sewindi lesithombe ayiveli emphumela.
xor
Umphumela yidatha yesithombe kusuka kokubili iwindi lesithombe nesithombe esingaphandle kwesifunda esivelayo. Isifunda esidlulayo asinalutho.
plus
Umphumela nje kuphela isamba sedatha yesithombe. Amanani wokuphuma anqunywe ku-255 (akukho ukuchichima). Lo msebenzi uzimele eziteshini zamatte.
susa
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe - ifasitelana lesithombe , ukuqubuka kwe-underflow kwehliselwe ku-zero. Isiteshi se-matte asinakwa (setha ku-255, ukukhishwa okugcwele).
engeza
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe + sesithombe , ngokugoqa ukugoqa okuzungeze (isigaba 256).
susa
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe - ifasitelana lesithombe , ngokugoqa ngaphansi kwe-under (mod 256). Ama-opharetha angeza futhi asusa angasetshenziswa ukwenza izinguquko eziguquguqukayo.
umehluko
Umphumela we-abs ( iwindi lesithombe lesithombe ). Lokhu kuyasiza ngokuqhathanisa izithombe ezimbili ezifanayo.
yande
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe * window . Lokhu kuyasiza ekwakheni izithunzi eziphansi.
bumpmap
Umphumela wesindo lesithombe elifakwe iwindi .
shintsha
Isithombe esiphezulu yisiwindi sesithombe sithathwe ngesithombe . Lapha ulwazi lwe-matte alunaki.
Umqambi wesithombe udinga umthamo, noma isiteshi se-alpha esithombeni somsebenzi othile. Lesi siteshi esengeziwe sichaza imaski emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yesithombe. Yilokho okwenzekayo uma i-matte engu-255 (ukuhlanganisa okugcwele) kwamaphikseli ngaphakathi kwesimo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero ne-255 emngceleni. Uma isithombe asinayo isiteshi se-matte, siqaliswa nge-0 nganoma iyiphi i-pixel efanelanayo nombala kunendawo ye-pixel (0,0), ngaphandle kwalokho 255. Bona ukuhlela kwe-Matte ngendlela yokuchaza isiteshi somthamo.
Qaphela ukuthi ulwazi lwe-matte lwamawindi wesithombe alugciniwe ngezibonisi ze-X zemibala (isib. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Ukuziphatha okubumbene kahle kungadinga i- TrueColor noma i- DirectColor ebonakalayo noma i- Standard Colormap .
Ukukhetha opharetha abakhiqizi kuyakhethwa. Umqhubi ozenzakalelayo usetha esikhundleni. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ukhethe indawo ukuhlanganisa isithombe sakho bese ucindezela inkinobho 1. Cindezela bese ubamba inkinobho ngaphambi kokukhipha futhi uhlaka lwezithombe luzovela ukukusiza ukuthi ubone indawo yakho.
Imibala yangempela yesithombe esedlule igcinwa. Noma kunjalo, umbala ovela efesiteleni lesithombe ungahluka. Isibonelo, kufasiteleni lesithombe se-screen monochrome sizovela esimnyama noma esimhlophe nakuba isithombe sakho esenziwe esidlule singaba nemibala eminingi. Uma isithombe sigcinwa kwifayela kubhaliwe ngemibala efanele. Ukuqinisekisa imibala efanele kulondolozwe esithombeni sokugcina, noma yisiphi isithombe se- PseudoClass sikhuthazwa ku- DirectClass . Ukuphoqa isithombe se- PseudoClass ukuhlala PseudoClass , ukusebenzisa- izitho .
UKUPHILA KWESIKHATHI
Ukuze uqale, cindezela ukhethe Ukuhluma kwe-submenu yokuguqula kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela [efasiteleni lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usumodi yezitshalo. Kumodi yezitshalo, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Usizo
Khubaza
Ukuze uchaze isifunda sokunquma, cindezela inkinobho 1 bese uhudula. Isigaba sokuhlunga sichazwa ngxande olugqamile olwandisa noma olunkontileka njengoba lulandela inkomba. Uma unelisekile ngesifunda sokunquma, khipha inkinobho. Manje ususemodi yokulungisa. Kumodi yokulungisa, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Khulisa
Usizo
Khubaza
Ungenza izinguquko ngokuhambisa isikhonkwane kumunye wecala lokunamathisela, ukucindezela inkinobho, nokuhudula. Ekugcineni, cindezela u-Crop ukuze wenze isifunda sakho sokuhlunga. Ukuze uphume ngaphandle kokusika isithombe, cindezela ukuCima.
UKUPHATHWA KWEZIMAGE
Isithombe siqoshiwe phakathi. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo wokusika isithombe. Ukuze uqale, khetha u- Chop we-Sub-menu imenyu evela ku-widget yoMyalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela] kufasiteleni lesithombe.
Manje usendaweni ye- Chop . Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima . Kumodi ye-Chop, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Isiqondiso
enezingqimba
ngokuqondile
Usizo
Khubaza
Uma ngabe ukhetha isiqondiso esinqunyiwe (lokhu okuzenzakalelayo), indawo yesithombe esiphakathi kokuphela kokuphela kwesigcawu esinqunyiwe isusiwe. Uma kungenjalo, indawo yesithombe esiphakathi kokuphela kokugcina komgwaqo we-cutting line isusiwe.
Khetha indawo ngaphakathi kwewindi lesithombe ukuze uqale ukusika kwakho, cindezela ubambe noma iyiphi inkinobho. Okulandelayo, susa isikhombisi kwenye indawo esithombeni. Njengoba uhambisa umugqa uzoxhuma indawo yokuqala kanye nesikhombisi. Uma ukhulula inkinobho, indawo engaphakathi kwesithombe ukusika iyonqunywa ukuthi yikuphi ukukhetha oyikhethayo ku-widget yokuLawula.
Ukuze ukhansele ukuchofoza kwesithombe, thumela i-pointer emuva kokuqala komugqa bese ukhulula inkinobho.
IMAGE ROTATION
Cindezela ikhi / ukhiye ukushintshanisa isithombe se-degrees 90 noma \ ukujikeleza -90 degrees. Ukuze ukhethe ngokuzikhethela izinga lokujikeleza, khetha ukushintshanisa ... kwe-submenu yokuguqula kusuka ku-Widget Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela * efasiteleni lesithombe.
Umugqa omncane ogciniwe odwetshiwe eduze kwesimangalo. Manje usujikeleze imodi. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Ngemodi eguquguqukayo, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Umbala wePixel
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
Isiphequluli ...
Isiqondiso
enezingqimba
ngokuqondile
Khulisa
amanga
kuyiqiniso
Cijela
amanga
kuyiqiniso
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha umbala wangemuva kusuka kwimenyu engaphansi kwe-Pixel Color. Imibala yangemuva eyengeziwe ingacaciswa ngesiphequluli sombala. Ungashintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X yezinsiza ze-pen1 nge-pen9.
Uma ukhetha isiphequluli sombala bese ucindezela i- Grab , ungakhetha umbala wangemuva ngokuhambisa umbala kumbala oyifunayo esibukweni bese ucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho.
Khetha iphuzu efasiteleni lesithombe bese ucindezela le nkinobho bese ubamba. Okulandelayo, susa isikhombisi kwenye indawo esithombeni. Njengoba uhambisa umugqa uxhuma indawo yokuqala kanye nesikhombisi. Uma ukhulula inkinobho, izinga lokujikeleza kwesithombe lithathwa umthamo welayini osanda kuwudonsa. Umthamo uhlobene nesiqondiso osikhethayo ku-Direction sub-menu ye-widget yokuLawula.
Ukuze ukhansele ukujikeleza kwesithombe, thutha i-pointer emuva kokuqala komugqa bese ukhulula inkinobho.
UKUSEBENZISWA KWEZIMAGE
Khetha Imiphumela- > Ingxenye yokwenza ingxenye yesithombe ngokuhlaziya i-histograms yezingxenye zombala nokukhomba amayunithi ahambelanayo nama-c-means technique. Isihlungi se-scale-space sihlaziya i-histograms yezingxenye ezintathu zombala zesithombe futhi sibonisa isethi yamakilasi. Ukuphakama kwekilasi ngalinye kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ingxenye yesithombe ngokubambisana. Umbala ohlotshaniswa ekilasini ngalinye uhlotshaniswa nombala oqondile kuwo wonke amaphikseli ngaphakathi kwezinto ezidlulele ekilasini elithile. Okokugcina, noma yiziphi izipikseli ezingenakulinganiswa zinikezwa ekilasini elisondelene ne-c-means technique. I-fuzzy c-Yisho i-algorithm ingafingqwa kanje:
Yakha i-histogram, eyodwa ngayinye ingxenye yombala wesithombe.
Nge-histogram ngayinye, usebenzise ngokulandelana isihlungi se-scale-isikhala bese ukha umuthi we-interval we-zero crossings kwi-derivative yesibili esikalini ngasinye. Hlaziya lesi sikhala-isikhala "iminwe yeminwe" ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi iziqongo noma izigodi ze-histogram eziningi kakhulu.
Iminwe yeminwe ichaza izikhathi ngezikhathi ze-histogram. Isikhathi ngasinye sine-minima noma maxima esignalini yangempela. Uma ingxenye ngayinye yombala ingaphakathi kwesikhala esikhulu, leyo pixel ibhekwa ngokuthi "ihlukanisiwe" futhi inikezwa inombolo yeklasi eyingqayizivele.
Noma iyiphi i-pixel ehluleka ukuhlukaniswa emgqeni wokubanjelwa ngenhla ihlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa i-c-Means technique. Iyabelwa enye yamakilasi atholakele esigabeni sokuhlaziya i-histogram.
I-fuzzy c-Echaza amasu ezama ukuhlanganisa i-pixel ngokuthola amaminithi wendawo we-generalized ngaphakathi kwesigamu seqembu lomsebenzi wezinhloso zephutha. I-pixel inikezwa ekilasini elisondelene nalo ubulungu obunzima obubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe bheka:
I-IMAGE ANNOTATION
Isithombe sichazwe ngokulandelana. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo wokuchaza isithombe. Ukuze uqale, khetha u- Annotate we- Submedial Edit menu-imenyu kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela ku-iwindi lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usemodi yokuchasisa. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Kumodi ye-annotate, iwijethi yokuLawula inezinketho:
Igama lefonti
fixed
okuguquguqukayo
5x8
6x10
I-7x13bold
I-8x13bold
9x15bold
10x20
12x24
Isiphequluli ...
Umbala Wefonti
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...
Ibhokisi lombala
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...
Phendulela Umbhalo
-90
-45
-30
0
30
45
90
180
I-Dialog ...
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha igama lefonti kusuka kumenyu yangaphansi ye- Font Name . Amagama wefonti angeziwe angacaciswa ngesiphequluli sefonti. Ungashintsha amagama wamenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo yefonti1 ngokusebenzisa i-font9.
Khetha umbala wefonti kusuka kwimenyu engaphansi kwe- Font Color . Imibala yefonti eyengeziwe ingacaciswa ngesiphequluli sombala. Ungashintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X yezinsiza ze-pen1 nge-pen9.
Uma ukhetha isiphequluli sombala bese ucindezela i- Grab , ungakhetha umbala wefonti ngokuhambisa umbala kumbala oyifunayo esikrinini bese ucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho.
Uma ukhetha ukushintshela umbhalo, khetha ukuguqula umbhalo kusuka kwimenyu bese ukhetha i-angle. Ngokuvamile uzofuna kuphela ukushintshanisa umugqa owodwa wombhalo ngesikhathi. Kuye ngeceleni oyikhethayo, imigqa elandelayo ingase iphele ekubhaliseni.
Ukukhetha ifonti nombala wayo kungakhethi. Ifonti ezenzakalelayo ihleliwe futhi umbala ozenzakalelayo unomnyama. Nokho, kufanele ukhethe indawo ukuqala ukufaka umbhalo bese ucindezela inkinobho. Umlingisi obheke phambili uzovela endaweni yesikhombisi. Isikhombi sishintsha ipensela ukukhombisa ukuthi usemodini yombhalo. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima.
Emoyeni yombhalo, noma yikuphi ukucindezela okuyinhloko kuzobonisa umlingisi endaweni yokubeka phambili bese uphuthukisa isikhombisi esingezansi. Faka umbhalo wakho futhi uma usuqedile cindezela Faka isicelo sokuqedela isichasiselo sakho sesithombe. Ukulungisa amaphutha cindezela i- BACK SPACE . Ukuze ususe yonke umugqa wombhalo, cindezela u- DELETE . Noma yimuphi umbhalo odlula imingcele yesindo lesithombe uqhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo emgqeni olandelayo.
Umbala wangempela oyicelayo wefonti ugcinwa esithombeni. Noma kunjalo, umbala ovela efasiteleni lakho lesithombe ungahluka. Isibonelo, esikrinini se-monochrome umbhalo uzovela omnyama noma omhlophe ngisho noma ukhetha umbala obomvu njengombala wefonti. Noma kunjalo, isithombe silondolozwe efayeleni ngokubhala- kubhaliwe ngokubhala okubomvu. Ukuze uqinisekise umbhalo ocacile wombala esithombeni sokugcina, noma yisiphi isithombe se- PseudoClass sikhuthazwa ku- DirectClass (bona i-miff (5)). Ukuphoqa isithombe se- PseudoClass ukuhlala PseudoClass , ukusebenzisa- izitho .
UKUZIPHILA KWESIKHATHI
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesithombe kudalwe ngokuhlanganyela. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo wokuhlanganisa isithombe . Ukuze uqale, khetha u- Composite we- Edit Edit kusuka ku-widget yokuLawula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela x kufasiteleni lesithombe.
Okokuqala iwindi le-popup liboniswa likucela ukuthi ufake igama lesithombe. Cindezela Okuhlanganisiwe , Ukubamba noma ukuthayipha igama lefayela. Cindezela Khansela uma ukhetha ukungakha isithombe esakhiwe. Uma ukhetha Ukuqoqa , thutha isinincola efasiteleni oyifunayo bese ucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho.
Uma isithombe esihlanganisiwe asinayo imininingwane yamatte, ukwaziswa futhi isiphequluli sefayela siboniswa futhi. Faka igama lesithombe semaski. Isithombe sivame ukugubha kanye nesayizi efanayo nesithombe esiyinhlanganisela. Uma lesi sithombe singabi greycale, saguqulwa sibe yi-grayscale futhi amandla avelayo asetshenziswa njengolwazi lwe-matte.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usummodi ohlanganisiwe. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Ngemodi enhlanganisiwe, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Abasebenzisi
ngaphezulu
ku
phandle
i-atop
xor
plus
susa
engeza
susa
umehluko
bumpmap
shintsha
I-Blend
Hamba
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe kusuka kumenyu engaphansi kwe-Operators yewijethi yokuLawula. Ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye kuchazwa ngezansi. ifasitelana lesithombe ngumfanekiso okwamanje oboniswe kwisiphakeli sakho se-X nesithombe isithombe esitholakalayo
ngaphezulu
Umphumela uba ubumbano obunjwa bobunjwa bomfanekiso, ngesithombe esifihla iwindi lesithombe esifundeni sokudlula.
ku
Umphumela wumfanekiso nje owenziwe ngesimo sewindi lesithombe . Ayikho yedatha yesithombe yesindo lesithombe ekuphumela.
phandle
Isithombe esiphezulu yisithombe ngesimo sewindi lesithombe esinqunywe.
i-atop
Umphumela ukufana okufana newindo lesithombe , ngesithombe esikufihla iwindi lesithombe lapho ukubunjwa kwesithombe kufaka khona. Qaphela lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ngoba ingxenye yesithombe ngaphandle kwesimo sewindi lesithombe ayiveli emphumela.
xor
Umphumela yidatha yesithombe kusuka kokubili iwindi lesithombe nesithombe esingaphandle kwesifunda esivelayo. Isifunda esidlulayo asinalutho.
plus
Umphumela nje kuphela isamba sedatha yesithombe. Amanani wokuphuma anqunywe ku-255 (akukho ukuchichima). Lo msebenzi uzimele eziteshini zamatte.
susa
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe - ifasitelana lesithombe , ukuqubuka kwe-underflow kwehliselwe ku-zero. Isiteshi se-matte asinakwa (setha ku-255, ukukhishwa okugcwele).
engeza
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe + sesithombe , ngokugoqa ukugoqa okuzungeze (isigaba 256).
susa
Umphumela wesithombe wesithombe - ifasitelana lesithombe , ngokugoqa ngaphansi kwe-under (mod 256). Ama-opharetha angeza futhi asusa angasetshenziswa ukwenza izinguquko eziguquguqukayo.
umehluko
Umphumela we-abs ( iwindi lesithombe lesithombe ). Lokhu kuyasiza ngokuqhathanisa izithombe ezimbili ezifanayo.
bumpmap
Umphumela wesindo lesithombe elifakwe iwindi .
shintsha
Isithombe esiphezulu yisiwindi sesithombe sithathwe ngesithombe . Lapha ulwazi lwe-matte alunaki.
Umqambi wesithombe udinga umthamo, noma isiteshi se-alpha esithombeni somsebenzi othile. Lesi siteshi esengeziwe sichaza imaski emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yesithombe. Yilokho okwenzekayo uma i-matte engu-255 (ukuhlanganisa okugcwele) kwamaphikseli ngaphakathi kwesimo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero ne-255 emngceleni. Uma isithombe asinayo isiteshi se-matte, siqaliswa nge-0 nganoma iyiphi i-pixel efanelanayo nombala kunendawo ye-pixel (0,0), ngaphandle kwalokho 255. Bona ukuhlela kwe-Matte ngendlela yokuchaza isiteshi somthamo.
Uma ukhetha ukuxuba , u-opharetha wenhlanganisela uyaphela . Isithombe sokubonakala kwamaphesenti wesiteshi samatta sisungulwa ukuze sibone. Iwindi lesithombe liqaliswa ku (100-factor). Lapho kubaluleka khona ukucacisa kuwijethi ye-Dialog.
Yeka ukushintsha ama-pixel wesithombe njengoba kuchazwe imephu yokuhamba. Ngalolu khetho, isithombe sisetshenziswa njengemephu ye-displacement. Okumnyama, ngaphakathi kwemephu yokuhamba, kuyindawo evamile yokuhamba. Okumhlophe ukuhamba okungekho okungalungile nokugudluza okuphakathi akuhambisani. Ukufuduka kunqunywe ukucacisa ukushintsha kwephikseli. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukufuduka kusebenza kusebenza kokubili izinkomba eziqondile nezinama. Kodwa-ke, uma ucacisa imaski , isithombe siyindawo ehamba phambili ye-X futhi imisa ukuhamba kwe-Y ngokuqondile.
Qaphela ukuthi ulwazi lwe-matte lwamawindi wesithombe alugciniwe ngezibonisi ze-X zemibala (isib. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Ukuziphatha okubumbene kahle kungadinga i- TrueColor noma i- DirectColor ebonakalayo noma i- Standard Colormap .
Ukukhetha opharetha abakhiqizi kuyakhethwa. Umqhubi ozenzakalelayo usetha esikhundleni. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ukhethe indawo ukuhlanganisa isithombe sakho bese ucindezela inkinobho 1. Cindezela bese ubamba inkinobho ngaphambi kokukhipha futhi uhlaka lwezithombe luzovela ukukusiza ukuthi ubone indawo yakho.
Imibala yangempela yesithombe esihlanganisiwe igcinwa. Noma kunjalo, umbala ovela efesiteleni lesithombe ungahluka. Isibonelo, kusikrini sesithombe se-screen monochrome sizovela esimnyama noma esimhlophe nakuba isithombe sakho ohlanganisiwe singaba nemibala eminingi. Uma isithombe sigcinwa kwifayela kubhaliwe ngemibala efanele. Ukuqinisekisa imibala efanele kulondolozwe esithombeni sokugcina, noma yisiphi isithombe se-PseudoClass sikhuthazwa ku- DirectClass (bona i-miff). Ukuphoqa isithombe se- PseudoClass ukuhlala PseudoClass , ukusebenzisa- izitho .
I-COLOR EDITING
Ukushintsha umbala weqoqo lamaphikseli kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo wokuhlela i-pixel. Ukuze uqale, khetha Umbala kusuka ku-Submenu yokuhlela imifanekiso yewijethi ye-Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela c in iwindi lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usumodi yokuhlela umbala. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima . Kumodi yokuhlela yombala, iwijethi yokuLawula inezinketho :
Indlela
iphuzu
shintsha
izikhukhula
setha kabusha
Umbala wePixel
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
Isiphequluli ...
Umbala Wemingcele
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
Isiphequluli ...
Fuzz
0
2
4
8
16
I-Dialog ...
Hlehlisa
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha indlela yokuhlela umbala kusuka kwi- Method sub-imenyu yewijethi ye-Command. Indlela iphuzu ibuyisa noma yikuphi i-pixel ekhethiwe nge-pointer ngaphandle kokuthi inkinobho ikhishwe. Indlela yokubuyisela ibuyisela noma iyiphi i-pixel efana nombala we-pixel oyikhethayo ngokucindezela inkinobho. I-Floodfill ikhumbuza noma iyiphi i-pixel efana nombala we-pixel oyikhethayo ngokucindezela inkinobho futhi ungumakhelwane. Njengoba i- filltoborder ishintsha inani le-matte yanoma yiliphi i-pixel yomakhelwane ongewona umngcele wemingcele. Okokugcina usethe kabusha ushintsho sonke isithombe kumbala okhethiwe.
Okulandelayo, khetha umbala wephikseli ukusuka kwimenyu engaphansi kwemenyu ye- Pixel . Imibala eyengeziwe ye-pixel ingacaciswa ngesiphequluli sombala. Ungashintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X yezinsiza ze-pen1 nge-pen9.
Manje cindezela inkinobho 1 ukukhetha i-pixel ngaphakathi kwewindwidwe lesithombe ukushintsha umbala wayo. Amaphikseli angeziwe angahle abuyiselwe njengoba kuchazwe indlela oyikhethayo. amaphikseli angeziwe ngokwandisa inani le-Delta.
Uma iwijethi ye-Magnify ihlelwe imephu, ingaba usizo ekubekeni isikhombisi sakho ngaphakathi kwesithombe (bheka inkinobho 2). Ngaphandle kwalokho ungakhetha i-pixel ukubuyisela emuva ngaphakathi kwewijethi ye- Magnify . Hambisa i-pointer kuwijethi ye-Magnify bese ubeka i-pixel ngamakhi okulawula isikhombisi. Ekugcineni, cindezela inkinobho ukuze ubuyekeze i-pixel ekhethiwe (noma amaphikseli).
Umbala wangempela owucela ngawo amaphikseli ulondolozwa esithombeni. Noma kunjalo, umbala ovela efasiteleni lakho lesithombe ungahluka. Isibonelo, kusikrini se-monochrome i-pixel izovela emnyama noma emhlophe ngisho noma ukhetha umbala obomvu njengoba umbala wepikseli. Noma kunjalo, isithombe silondolozwe efayeleni nge-ukubhala kubhaliwe ngamaphikseli abomvu. Ukuze uqinisekise umbhalo ocacile wombala esithombeni sokugcina, noma yisiphi isithombe se- PseudoClass sikhuthazwa ku- DirectClass Ukuphoqa isithombe se- PseudoClass ukuze uhlale u- PseudoClass , ukusebenzisa- izitho .
UKUBHALA KWAMATTE
Ulwazi lwe-Matte ngaphakathi kwesithombe lusizo eminye imisebenzi efana nokwakhiwa kwesithombe. Lesi siteshi esengeziwe sichaza imaski emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yesithombe. Yilokho okwenzekayo uma i-matte engu-255 (ukuhlanganisa okugcwele) kwamaphikseli ngaphakathi kwesimo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero ne-255 emngceleni.
Ukubeka ulwazi lwe-matte esithombeni kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo wokuhlela i-pixel. Ukuqala, bese ukhetha i- Matte ye- Image Edit sub-menu kusuka kuwijethi yokuLawula.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela m mwindwangu yesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usumodi yokuhlela we-matte. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Kumodi yokuhlela ye-matte, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Indlela
iphuzu
shintsha
izikhukhula
setha kabusha
Umbala Wemingcele
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
Isiphequluli ...
Fuzz
0
2
4
8
16
I-Dialog ...
Matte
Hlehlisa
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha indlela yokuhlela i-matte kusukela ku-sub-imenyu yeMenyu yewijethi ye-Command. Indlela yephuzu ishintsha inani le-matte yanoma iyiphi i-pixel ekhethiwe nge-pointer kuze kukhishwe inkinobho. Indlela yokufaka esikhundleni ishintsha inani le-matte yanoma iyiphi i-pixel efana nombala we-pixel oyikhethayo ngokucindezela inkinobho. I-Floodfill ishintsha inani le-matte yanoma iyiphi i-pixel efana nombala we-pixel oyikhethayo ngokucindezela inkinobho futhi ungumakhelwane. Nakuba i- filltoborder ibuyisa noma yiliphi i-pixel yomakhelwane okungewona umngcele wemingcele. Okokugcina usethe kabusha ushintsho sonke isithombe kumanani akhethiwe we-matte. Khetha Value Matte futhi ingxoxo ibonakala icela value matte. Faka inani eliphakathi kuka- 0 no-255 . Leli nani linikezwa njenge-matte value ye-pixel akhethiwe noma amaphikseli. Manje, cindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho ukuze ukhethe i-pixel ngaphakathi kwefasitela lesithombe ukuze ushintshe inani layo le-matte. Ungashintsha inani le-matte lamaphikseli angeziwe ngokwandisa inani le-Delta. Inani le-Delta lengezwe kuqala bese likhishwa kusuka ebomvu, eluhlaza, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kombala ohlosiwe.
Noma yimaphi amaphikseli ngaphakathi ebangeni nawo anenani lawo elingu-matte elisha. Uma iwijethi ye-Magnify ihlelwe imephu, ingaba usizo ekubekeni isikhombisi sakho ngaphakathi kwesithombe (bheka inkinobho 2). Ngaphandle kwalokho ungakhetha i-pixel ukushintsha inani le-matte ngaphakathi kwewijethi ye - Magnify . Hambisa i-pointer kuwijethi ye-Magnify bese ubeka i-pixel ngamakhi okulawula isikhombisi. Okokugcina, cindezela inkinobho ukushintsha inani le-matte le-pixel ekhethiwe (noma amaphikseli). Ulwazi lwe-Matte lusebenza kuphela ku- DirectClass image . Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isithombe se- PseudoClass sikhuthazwa ku- DirectClass . Qaphela ukuthi ulwazi lwe-matte lwe- PseudoClass alugciniwe ngokubukwa kwe-server ephathekayo (isib. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ) ngaphandle uma usindisa ngokushesha isithombe sakho efayeleni (bheka ku-Bhala). Ukuziphatha okuhlelekile kokuhlelwa kwe-matte kungadinga i- TrueColor noma i- DirectColor ebonakalayo noma i- Standard Colormap .
I-IMAGE EYAWALA
Isithombe sitholwa ngokuhlanganyela. Ayikho ingxoxo yomugqa womyalo ukudweba esithombeni . Ukuze uqale, khetha iDraw ye-Image Hlela sub-menu kusuka kuwijethi Command. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela d kuwindi lesithombe.
Isikhombi sishintsha ku-crosshair ukukhombisa ukuthi usemodi yokudweba. Ukuze uphume ngokushesha, cindezela ukuCima. Kumodi yokudweba, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
I-Primitive
iphuzu
umugqa
umxhwele
umugqa wokugcwalisa
umbuthano
ngembuthano ogcwalisayo
ellipse
gcwalisa i-ellipse
i-polygon
gcwalisa i-polygon
Umbala
omnyama
blue
i-cyan
oluhlaza
grey
obomvu
i-magenta
ophuzi
ezimhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...
Khupha
Brick
I-Diagonal
Isikali
I-vertical
Wavy
I-Translucent
Opaque
Vula ...
Ububanzi
1
2
4
8
16
I-Dialog ...
Hlehlisa
Usizo
Khubaza
Khetha umdwebo owokuqala kusuka kumenyu engaphansi kwe- Primitive .
Okulandelayo, khetha umbala kusuka kwimenyu engaphansi kwembala. Imibala eyengeziwe ingacaciswa ngesiphequluli sombala. Ungashintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X yezinsiza ze-pen1 nge-pen9. Umbala obala uvuselela isiteshi se-matte yesithombe futhi kuyasiza ekubunzeni isithombe.
Uma ukhetha isiphequluli sombala bese ucindezela i- Grab , ungakhetha umbala wokuqala ngokuhambisa umbala kumbala oyifunayo esikrinini bese ucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho. Umbala obala uvuselela isiteshi se-matte yesithombe futhi kuyasiza ekubunzeni isithombe.
Khetha isitifiketi, uma kufanelekile, kusuka kwimenyu engaphansi kwe- Stipple . Iziqu ezengeziwe zingacaciswa ngesiphequluli sefayela. Ama-Stipples atholakala kusiphequluli sefayela kumele abe kwi-disk kwifomethi ye-bitmap ye-X11.
Khetha ububanzi bomugqa, uma kufanelekile, kusuka kumenyu engaphansi kwe- Width . Ukukhetha ububanzi obuthile khetha iwijethi yeDialog .
Khetha iphuzu efasiteleni lesithombe bese ucindezela inkinobho 1 bese ubamba. Okulandelayo, susa isikhombisi kwenye indawo esithombeni. Njengoba uhamba, umugqa uxhuma indawo yokuqala kanye nesikhombisi. Uma ukhulula inkinobho, isithombe sibuyekezwa ngesikhumbuzo osanda kudoba. Ama-polygons, isithombe sivuselelwa uma ucindezela bese ukhulula inkinobho ngaphandle kokuhambisa isichazamazwi.
Ukuze ukhansele umdwebo wesithombe, thutha i-pointer emuva kokuqala komugqa bese ukhulula inkinobho.
UMGOMO WOKUPHAKATHI
Ukuze uqale, cindezela i-Region of Interest yePixel Transform imenyu evela ku-widget yokuLawula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cindezela u-R kufasiteleni lesithombe.
Iwindi elincane libonakala libonisa indawo yesikhombisi efasiteleni lesithombe. Manje usendaweni yesithakazelo sezwe. Emoyeni yesithakazelo yesifunda, iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Usizo
Khubaza
Ukuze uchaze indawo yesithakazelo, cindezela inkinobho 1 bese uhudula. Isifunda sesithakazelo sichazwa ngxande olugqamile olwandisa noma olunesivumelwano njengoba kulandela isichazamazwi. Uma usenelisekile ngendawo yesithakazelo, khipha inkinobho. Manje ususebenzisa imodi yokusebenza. Sebenzisa imodi iwijethi ye-Command inezinketho:
Ifayela
Londoloza ...
Phrinta ...
Hlela
Hlehlisa
Buyisela
Guqula
Flip
I-Flop
Jikela ngakwesokudla
Jikela ngakwesobunxele
Thuthukisa
Hue ...
Ukwaneliseka ...
Ukukhanya ...
I-Gamma ...
Spiff
Dull
Linganisa
Yenza njalo
Nciphisa
I-GRAYscale
Qinisekisa ...
Imiphumela
Despeckle
Emboss
Nciphise umsindo
Engeza umsindo
Cijela ...
I-Blur ...
I-Threshold ...
I-Edge Detect ...
Spread ...
Umthunzi ...
Phakamisa ...
Ingxenye ...
F / X
I-solarize ...
I-Swirl ...
Phonsa ...
I-Wave ...
I-Painting yamafutha
Amakhadi Dweba ...
Miscellany
Ulwazi Lwesithombe
Sondeza isithombe
Bonisa kuqala ...
Bonisa i-Histogram
Bonisa i-Matte
Usizo
Khubaza
Ungenza izinguquko esifundeni sesithakazelo ngokuhambisa i-pointer kwenye yezingxenyana zexande, ucindezele inkinobho, bese uhudula. Okokugcina, khetha inqubo yokucubungula isithombe kusuka kuwijethi ye-Command. Ungakhetha izindlela eziningi zokucubungula isithombe ukuze usebenzise endaweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathutha isifunda sesithakazelo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa enye inqubo yokucubungula isithombe. Ukuze uphume, cindezela ukuCima.
IMAGE PANNING
Uma isithombe sidlula ububanzi noma ukuphakama kwesibuko se-server se-X, bonisa amabalazwe isithonjana esincane se-panning. Ikhonteli ngaphakathi kwesithonjana se-panning ibonisa indawo okwamanje iboniswe efasiteleni lesithombe. Ukuze udwebe ngesithombe, cindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho bese uhudula inkomba ngaphakathi kwesithonjana se-panning. Ikhonteli le-pan lihamba nge-pointer futhi iwindi lesithombe libuyekezwa ukuze libonise indawo yecande ngaphakathi kwesithonjana se-panning. Uma ukhethe indawo yesithombe ofuna ukuyibuka, vula inkinobho.
Sebenzisa okhiye bomcibisholo ukuze ubeke isithombe se-pixel esisodwa phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, noma kwesokudla ngaphakathi kwewindi lesithombe.
Isithonjana se-panning sihoxiswa uma isithombe sibe sincane kunezilinganiso zeskrini se-X seva.
USER PREFERENCES
Izintandokazi zithinta ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo kokubonisa (1) . Izintandokazi ziyiqiniso noma zamanga futhi zigcinwe kwirekhodi lakho lasekhaya njenge .displayrc:
bonisa isithombe esisezindaweni zangemuva "
Lesi sangemuva sihlanganisa sonke isikrini somsebenzi futhi kuyasiza ukufihla enye imisebenzi yeWindows iwindi ngenkathi ubuka isithombe. Umbala wesimo sangemuva ucaciswe njengombala wangemuva. Bheka i-X Resources ukuze uthole imininingwane. qinisekisa ohlelweni lokuphuma "
Cela isiqinisekiso ngaphambi kokuphuma ohlelweni lokubonisa (1) . isithombe esifanele sokubonisa i-gamma "
Uma isithombe sinama-gamma awaziwayo, i-gamma ilungiswa ukufanisa neyeseva ye-X (bheka i-X Resource displayGamma ). sebenzisa i-error ye-Floyd / Steinberg ekusakazweni kwesithombe "
Isisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuqeda ukuhlanganisa ukuxazululwa kwesisombululo sokwenza isinqumo ngokwengxenye ngokwenza amaphuseli angamakhelwane angomakhelwane. Izithombe ezibhekene nokuncintisana okunzima lapho kunciphisa imibala kungathuthukiswa ngalokhu okuthandayo. sebenzisa i-colormap eyabelwe imibala ye-X enemibala "
Lolu khetho lusebenza kuphela uma isiphakeli esizenzakalelayo se-X esibukwayo singamagama angaseseColor noma GRAYScale . Bheka -ukubuka ngeminye imininingwane. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-colormap eyabiwe yabelwe. Isithombe sibelana ngemibala nezinye amaklayenti X. Ezinye imibala yesithombe zingalinganiselwa, ngakho-ke isithombe sakho singase sibonakale sihluke kakhulu kunalokho okuhlosiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho imibala yesithombe ivela njengoba nje ichazwa. Noma kunjalo, amanye amaklayenti angaya technicolor uma i-colormap yesithombe ifakiwe. bonisa izithombe njenge-pixmap yeseva ye-X "
Izithombe zigcinwa njenge-XImage ngokuzenzakalelayo. Setha le nsiza ku-True ukusebenzisa isiphakeli se- Pixmap esikhundleni. Lolu khetho luwusizo uma isithombe sakho sidlula ubukhulu beskrini sakho sevava futhi uhlose ukwenza isithombe. I-panning iyashesha kakhulu nge-Pixmaps kune-XImage. I-Pixmaps ibhekwa njengento eyigugu, isebenzise ngokuhlakanipha.