Izimpethu zekhompyutheni ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ze-software ezinonya ezenzelwe ukusakazwa ngamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. Izimpethu zekhompyutha zihlobo olulodwa lwe-malware kanye namagciwane nama- trojans .
Indlela I-Worms Computer isebenza ngayo
Umuntu uvame ukufaka izibungu ngokuvula ngokungaxhunyiwe okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili noma umlayezo oqukethe iskripthi esisebenzayo. Kanye efakwe kwikhompyutheni, izimpethu zivele zenze imilayezo eyengeziwe ye-imeyli equkethe amakhophi wesibungu. Bangase futhi bavule amathrekhi we- TCP ukudala imigodi yokuphepha yamanethiwekhi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi bangase bazame ukukhukhumeza i- LAN ngokudluliselwa kwedatha yokulahlwa kweDenial of Service (DoS) .
I-Worms e-Internet eyaziwayo
Isibungu se-Morris satholwa ngo-1988 lapho umfundi okuthiwa uRobert Morris wadala imbongolo futhi wayikhulula kuyi-intanethi kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ngenkathi ekuqaleni kungalimazi, imbongolo yaqala ukuphinda ikhombise amakhophi ngokwayo kumaseva e-intanethi wosuku (ngaphambi kweWebhu Yonke Yezwe ), ekugcineni ibangele ukuba bayeke ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhathala kwemithombo.
Umthelela oveziwe walokhu kuhlaselwa wenyuka kakhulu ngenxa yezimpethu zekhompiyutha kuba umqondo weveli emphakathini jikelele. Ngemva kokujeziswa ngokusemthethweni uhlelo lwezomthetho wase-US, uRobert Morris wagcina eyakha umsebenzi wakhe futhi waba profesa esikoleni esifanayo (MIT) lapho aqala khona ukuhlaselwa.
Ikhodi Yokubomvu yabonakala ngo-2001. Yangenisa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezinhlelo kwi-intanethi isebenzisa i-Microsoft Internet Services Services (i-IIS) iseva yeWebhu, ishintsha amakhasi awo asemakhaya emagatsheni amabi
SAWUBONA! Siyakwamukela ku-http: //www.worm.com! I-Hacked By Chinese!
Lesi sibungu sabizwa ngegama elidumile lesiphuzo esiphuzo.
Isibungu se-Nimda (okuthiwa ngokuguqula izinhlamvu zegama elithi "admin") sabuye savela ngo-2001. Sathinta ama-computer e-Windows afinyeleleka nge-Intanethi, okubangelwa ukuvula ama-imeyili athile noma amakhasi eWebhu, futhi kubangele ukuphazanyiswa okungaphezu kweCode Red ngaphambi kwalokho ngonyaka.
I-Stuxnet yahlasela izindawo zenuzi ezweni lakwa-Iran, libheke izinhlelo ezikhethekile ze-hardware ezisetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi ezimboni kunokuba iseva jikelele. Ehlanganiswe ezimangalisweni zobuqhawe bamazwe ngamazwe nokufihleka, ubuchwepheshe obusuka ku-Stuxnet bubonakala bukhulu kakhulu kodwa imininingwane egcwele angeke yenziwe ngokugcwele emphakathini.
Ukuvikela Imibi
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe yenethiwekhi yansuku zonke, izimpethu zekhompyutheni zingena kalula ezinkundleni zomlilo eziningi zenethiwekhi nezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-antivirus zizama ukulwa nezimpethu kanye namagciwane; Ukugijima le software kuma-computer anenzuzo yokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.
I-Microsoft kanye nabanye abathengisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ze-punch ne-fixes eklanyelwe ukuvikela izimpethu nezinye izinkinga zokuphepha ezikhona. Abasebenzisi kufanele bavuselele njalo izinhlelo zabo ngalezi zikhonkwane ukuze bathuthukise izinga labo lokuvikelwa.
Izibungu eziningi zisakazwa ngamafayela angalungile axhunywe kuma-imeyili. Gwema okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili okuthunyelwe okuthunyelwe amaqembu angaziwa: Uma ungabaza, ungavuli izinamathiselo - abahlaseli bawafihla ngobuqili ukuba babonakale bengenalutho ngangokunokwenzeka.