Indlela yokusebenzisa Ubuntu ukuze ungeze Umsebenzisi kuma-Sudoers

Umyalo we-sudo usetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izimvume zakho zomyalo owodwa we-Linux.

Ungasebenzisa umyalo we-sudo ukuze usebenzise umyalo njenganoma imuphi omunye umsebenzisi nakuba uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqhuba umyalo njengomsebenzisi wezimpande.

01 ngo-08

Kuyini iSudo futhi Luyini Uhlu Lwabantu Abathandwayo?

Uma unabasebenzisi abaningi kwikhompyutha yakho futhi mhlawumbe awufuni bonke abasebenzisi ukuba babe ngabaphathi ngoba abaphathi bangenza izinto ezifana nokufaka nokukhipha isofthiwe nokushintsha izilungiselelo zesistimu yekhi.

Ukuze sikubonise isibonelo somyalo we-sudo ekusetshenzisweni uvule iwindi lokugcina bese uqhuba umyalo olandelayo:

thola ukufaka i-cowsay

Isigijimi esihle kakhulu sizobuyiselwa:

E: Ayikwazanga ukuvula ifayela lokukhiya / var / lib / dpkg / lock - evulekile (13: Imvume yenqatshiwe)
E: Ayikwazanga ukukhiya isiqondisi sokuphatha (/ var / lib / dpkg /), ingabe uyimpande?

Amaphuzu ayinhloko okumele aqaphele angamazwi athi "Imvume inqatshelwe" futhi "Ingabe uyaphula?".

Manje zama umyalo ofanayo futhi kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ufake igama elithi sudo phambi kwalo kanje:

sudo apt-get ukufaka cowsay

Uzocelwa ukuba ufake iphasiwedi yakho.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-cowsay lungasetshenziswa manje.

Qaphela: I-Cowsay iyinhlangano yesicelo esincane esivumela ukuthi ufake umlayezo okhulunywa njengebhola lokukhuluma ngenkomo ye-ascii.

Uma uqala ukufaka Ubuntu ubuye uhlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njengomqondisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela wanezela ngokuzenzakalelayo kulokho owaziwa ngokuthi uhlu lwabathandwayo.

Uhlu lwabahluleli luqukethe amagama azo wonke ama-akhawunti anelungelo lokusebenzisa umyalo we-sudo.

Ubuhlakani be-sudo yilokho uma uhamba kude nekhompyutheni yakho ngaphandle kokuyivala kuqala futhi omunye umuntu egijimela kumshini wakho angeke asebenze imiyalo yomlawuli kukhompyutheni ngoba adinga iphasiwedi yakho ukusebenzisa lo myalo.

Njalo uma ugijima umyalo odinga amalungelo omlawuli uzocelwa iphasiwedi yakho. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuphepha.

02 ngo-08

Kwenzekani Uma Ungenayo Imvume Ye-Sudo?

Akuwona wonke umsebenzisi kukhompyutha yakho ezoba nezimvume zomlawuli ngakho-ke angeke abe yingxenye yohlu lwabathandwayo.

Uma umuntu ongekho kuhlu lwabathandwayo ezama ukugijima umyalo nge-sudo bazothola umlayezo olandelayo:

umsebenzisi akukho efayeleni lezinhlamvu. Lesi sigameko sizobikwa

Lokhu kuphinda kukhanye. Uma umsebenzisi engenazo izimvume zokufaka isofthiwe noma enze noma yimuphi omunye umyalo odinga amalungelo omlawuli khona-ke ngeke nje akwazi ukukwenza futhi yikuphi okuyiqiniso ukuthi azame ukungena ngemvume.

03 ngo-08

Ingabe Izimvume ze-Sudo zithinta kuphela Ilayini LoMyalo?

Amalungelo okuphatha awasho nje ukuthinta izenzo zomugqa womyalo. Konke ku-Ubuntu kulawulwa izinqubo ezifanayo zokuphepha.

Ngokwesibonelo, esithombeni uzobona ukuthi umsebenzisi wamanje unguTom onguhlobo olujwayelekile. UTom ulayishe ithuluzi le-Ubuntu Software futhi uzama ukufaka iphakheji yepende.

Iwindi lephasiwedi ivela futhi uTom udinga ukungena iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi womlawuli. Umsebenzisi we-administrator kuphela u-Gary.

Kuleli phuzu, uTom uzama ukuqagela iphasiwedi kaGary kodwa ngokuyinhloko ngeke athole indawo futhi akakwazi ukwenza izinto angafanele akwazi ukuzenza.

04 ngo-08

Indlela Yokwenza Umsebenzisi Isiphathi

Ezinye iziqondiso eziningi kwi-intanethi zibonisa ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umugqa womyalo ukuze ungeze umsebenzisi kwifayili ye-sudoers kodwa lo Ubuntu futhi kunesicelo esihle kakhulu sokuphatha abasebenzisi abakhelwe kuwo.

Ukuze uqondise abasebenzisi ku-Ubuntu cindezela isithonjana esiphambili ku-Launcher Unity noma cindezela ukhiye omkhulu kwikhibhodi.

Qaphela: Ukhiye obalulekile kuyisihluthulelo esikhethekile kukhibhodi yakho. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-laptops namakhompyutha wedeskithophu lokhu kuyisihluthulelo ne-Windows logo kuso futhi eduze kwekhi Alt

Lapho i-Unity Dash ibonakala uhlobo "Abasebenzisi".

Isithonjana sizovela ngesithombe se-2 abantu kuso futhi umbhalo uzothi "Ama-Akhawunti Womsebenzisi". Chofoza kulesi sithonjana.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uzokwazi ukubuka abasebenzisi ohlelweni futhi ungashintshi lutho. Lena enye yalezi zici zokuphepha ezikhazimulayo.

Cabanga nje ukuthi umlawuli uye wahamba kusuka kwikhomputha yakho futhi othile uzulazula bese enquma ukuzifaka njengomsebenzisi. Abakwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwephasiwedi yakho.

Ukuze uguqule noma yimiphi imininingwane yomsebenzisi udinga ukuvula isikhombimsebenzisi. Chofoza ku-"vula" isithonjana ngakwesokudla phezulu kwefasitela elichazwe ngesikhwama bese ufaka iphasiwedi yakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zabasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwe-Ubuntu:

• Abaphathi
• Abasebenzisi abajwayelekile

Abasebenzisi abahlelwe njengabalawuli bengezwa efayeleni le-sudoers nabasebenzisi abajwayelekile abangekho.

Ngakho-ke ukungeza umsebenzisi kumafayili we-sudoers chofoza emazwini "umsebenzisi ojwayelekile" eduze kwamagama "uhlobo lwe-akhawunti" futhi uma uhlu lokudonsela phansi luvela kumphathi wokukhetha.

Umsebenzisi kufanele manje angene ngemvume ku-Ubuntu bese angena ngemvume futhi manje uzokwazi ukusebenzisa umyalo we-sudo kanye nokushintsha izilungiselelo zesistimu bese ufaka isofthiwe usebenzisa ithuluzi le-Ubuntu Software.

Okubalulekile: ngemuva kokushintsha noma yini engxoxweni ye-akhawunti yomsebenzisi chofoza isithonjana se-padlock futhi ukukhiya isikrini.

05 ka-08

Indlela Yokukhipha Abaphathi Bamalungelo Omsebenzisi

Ukuze ususe amalungelo omlawuli womsebenzisi usanda ushintshe uhlobo lwe-akhawunti emuva kusuka kumqondisi kuya ejwayelekile.

Lokhu kusebenza ngokushesha futhi umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukwenza noma yiziphi izinyathelo eziphakeme ngokushesha uma ushintsha uhlobo lwayo lwe-akhawunti emuva kokujwayelekile.

06 ka-08

Indlela yokwengeza umsebenzisi kufayela le-Sudoers usebenzisa ilayini lomyalo

Ngempela ungasebenzisa umugqa womyalo ukwengeza umsebenzisi kwifayili ye-sudoers nangokufunda imiyalo elandelayo uzoyiqonda ukuthi ungayenza kanjani kunoma yikuphi ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux okunikezwe amandla ku-sudo.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzisi ovela eqenjini elithi "sudo" uyoba nezimvume zokugijima umyalo we-sudo ngakho konke okudingeka ukwenze kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi ungoweso sigaba.

Ngakho wenza kanjani lokho? Vele ulandele lezi zinyathelo:

1. Vula iwindi lokugcina ngokucindezela i-ALT no-T
2. Thayipha amaqembu (esikhundleni negama lomsebenzisi ofisa ukulifaka kumasondelana, ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu we-tom )
3. Uhlu lwamacembu kufanele lubuyiselwe. Uma ngabe umsebenzisi kakade unamalungelo okubheka iqembu le-sudo lizovela, uma kungenjalo kuzodingeka ulifake.
4. Ukwengeza umsebenzisi kuma-sudoers thayipha igama le- sudo gpasswd -a sudo (uphinde ufake esikhundleni nomsebenzisi ofisa ukulifaka kuma-sudoers,
   isibonelo, sudo gpasswd -t tom )

Uma ngabe umsebenzisi okwamanje usengene ngemvume kufanele aphume futhi angene ngemvume futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi anelungelo eligcwele le-sudo kanye nomlawuli.

Qaphela: Umyalo we-gpasswd ungasetshenziswa ukuphatha amaqembu ngaphakathi kwe-Linux

07 ngo-08

Indlela Yokususa Umsebenzisi Evela Kufayela Lamafayela Okusebenzisa Ulayini Wokulawula

Ukuze ususe umsebenzisi kusuka efayeleni le-sudoers usebenzisa umugqa womyalo landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Vula iwindi lokugcina
2. Thayipha amaqembu (Faka esikhundleni nomsebenzisi ofisa ukususa kusuka kufayili ye-sudoers)
3. Uma uhlu olubuyiselwe alubonisi i- "sudo" njengeqembu futhi akudingeki wenze noma yini enye ngaphandle kwalokho uqhubeke uqhubekile 4
4. Thayipha i- sudo gpasswd -d sudo (Faka esikhundleni nomsebenzisi ofisa ukususa kwifayili ye-sudoers)

Umsebenzisi ngeke asakwazi ukuqhuba noma yimuphi umyalo ngamalungelo aphakanyisiwe.

08 ngo-08

Indlela yokuthola ukuthi ubani ozama ukusebenzisa iSudo ngaphandle kwemvume

Uma umsebenzisi ezama ukuqhuba umyalo we-sudo ngaphandle kokuvumela i-sudo umlayezo wephutha uthi umzamo uzongena ngemvume.

Kuphi ngempela amaphutha angene ngemvume? Ngaphakathi kwe-Ubuntu (nakwezinye izinhlelo ezisuselwe ku-Debian) amaphutha athunyelwa efayeleni ebizwa ngokuthi /var/log/auth.log.

Kwezinye izinhlelo ezifana ne-Fedora ne-CentOS amaphutha angene ngemvume ku / var / log / ephephile.

Ubuntu ungabuka logi lwephutha ngokuthayipha omunye wemilayezo elandelayo:

ikati /var /log/auth.log | Okuningi

umsila /var/log/auth.log | Okuningi

Umyalo wekati ukhombisa lonke ifayela esikrinini futhi umyalo owedlule uzobonisa ukukhishwa kwekhasi ngesikhathi.

Umyalo womsila ubonisa imigqa embalwa yokugcina yefayela futhi futhi umyalo owedlule uzobonisa ukukhishwa kwekhasi ngesikhathi.

Ngaphakathi kwe-Ubuntu nakuba kunendlela elula yokubuka ifayela:

1. Chofoza kusithonjana esiphezulu ku-Isiqalisi noma cindezela ukhiye omkhulu.
2. Thayipha "Ngena" ku-bar yokusesha
3. Uma isithonjana se-system.log sibonakala chofoza kuso
4. Chofoza ku-"auto.log" inketho
5. Skrolela phansi ukuze ubone ukwehluleka kwamuva noma ukubona ukuhluleka kwamanje nje kwandisa inketho ye-auto.log ngokuchofoza kuso bese uchofoze "Namuhla".