Ukupakisha iphakethe kungase kuzwakale njengendlela yokudakisa izidakamizwa zakamuva, kodwa ikude nayo. Ama-packet sniffers noma ama-analyzer protocol ngamathuluzi avame ukusetshenziswa ngabachwepheshe bezinethiwekhi ukuxilonga izinkinga ezihlobene nenethiwekhi. I-packet sniffers ingasetshenziselwa abaduni bezinhloso ezingaphansi kwezinhloso ezinhle njengokuhlola kumsebenzisi womsebenzisi wenethiwekhi nokuqoqa amaphasiwedi.
Ake sibuke ukuthi iyiphi i-packet sniffer nokuthi yenzani:
Ama-packet sniffers angena ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomu ahlukene. Amanye ama-packet sniffers asetshenziswe ngabachwepheshe bezinhlelo zokusebenza izixazululo ze-hardware ezizinikezele ngamanye amazwe ngenkathi amanye ama-pipe-sniffers kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezigijima kumakhompiyutha ajwayelekile ebangeni labathengi, besebenzisa i-hardware yenethiwekhi enikezwe kukhompyutha yokusingatha ukwenza imisebenzi yepakethe yokubamba kanye nokujola.
I-Packet Sniffers isebenza kanjani?
Ama-packet sniffers asebenza ngokubamba nokungena ngemvume ye-traffic yenethiwekhi ukuthi 'bangayibona' nge-interface yocingo noma engenantambo ukuthi isofthiwe yokufakela iphakethe inokufinyelela kukhompyutha yayo yokusingatha.
Ngenethiwekhi yocingo, yini engathunjwa incike kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi. I-packet sniffer ingakwazi ukubona ithrafikhi kwinethiwekhi yonke noma ingxenye ethile yayo, kuye ngokuthi ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kulungiselelwe kanjani, kufakwe, njll. Kumanethiwekhi angenantambo, ama-packer sniffers angase athathe kuphela isiteshi esisodwa ngaphandle uma ikhompiyutha yokusingatha inezinhlaka eziningi ezingenantambo ezivumela ukuthunjwa kwamanethiwekhi amaningi.
Uma idatha yepakethe eluhlaza ithathwa, isofthiwe yokufakela iphakethe kufanele ihlaziye iphinde iveze ifomu elingafundwa ngabantu ukuze umuntu osebenzisa isofthiwe yokufakela iphakethe angenza umqondo. Umuntu ohlaziya idatha angabuka imininingwane yengxoxo 'eyenzekayo phakathi kwamakhidi amabili noma ngaphezulu kunethiwekhi. Ochwepheshe beNethiwekhi bangasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukucacisa ukuthi kukhona amaphutha, njengokunquma ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi ehlulekile ukuphendula isicelo senethiwekhi.
Abaqaphi bangasebenzisa i-sniffers ukuba bafunde idatha engabhalwanga emaphaketheni ukuze babone ukuthi yiziphi ukwaziswa ezithintana phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Bangaphinde bathathe ulwazi olufana namaphasiwedi namathokheni wokuqinisekisa (uma athunyelwa ngokucacile). Abahlaseli bangaphinde babambe amaphakethe wokudlala kamuva ku-replay, abantu-phakathi, nokuhlaselwa kwepakethe ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zingasengozini.
Yiziphi Amathuluzi Ezesofthiwe Evame Ukusetshenziswa Kwiphakethe Yokunciphisa?
Njengabo bonke abanye, onjiniyela benethiwekhi nabaduni bafuna izinto zamahhala, yingakho umthombo ovulekile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ye-freeware sniffer ngokuvamile ziyizinto zokuzikhethela emisebenzini yokukhwabanisa iphakethe. Enye yeminikelo evulekile yomthombo ovulekile yiWireshark (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ethereal).
Ngingakuvikela Kanjani Inethiwekhi Yami Futhi Idatha Yayo Kusuka Hackers Ukusebenzisa Sniffers?
Uma ungumchwepheshe we-network noma umlawuli futhi ufuna ukubona noma ubani enethiwekhi yakho usebenzisa ithuluzi le-sniffer, hlola ithuluzi elibizwa nge-Antisniff. U-Antisniff angabona uma isikhombikubona senethiwekhi kwinethiwekhi yakho sesifakwe 'kwimodi yokuziphatha kabi' (ungase uhlehle ukuthi yilo igama langempela), okuyinto imodi edingekayo yokuthathwa kwepakethe.
Enye indlela yokuvikela ithrafikhi yakho yenethiwekhi ekukhanyeni ukusebenzisa i- encryption njenge- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) noma i- Transport Layer Security (TLS) . Ukubethela akuvimbeli i-packet sniffers ekuboneni ulwazi lomthombo nendawo yokuya kuyo, kepha kubhala ngokukhokhwa kwephakheji kwedatha ukuze wonke umuntu obhekene naye abone ukuthi uyabhala ngokufihla. Noma imuphi umzamo wokuguqula noma ukufaka idatha emaphaketheni cishe ngeke uhluleke kusukela ukuthumela nge-data encrypted kungabangela amaphutha angabonakala lapho ulwazi olufakwe emabhukwini luye lwachithwa komunye umkhawulo.
Abathungathi bamathuluzi amakhulu okuhlola izinkinga zenethiwekhi ezisehla phansi. Ngeshwa, zibuye zisebenzise izinhloso zokuqapha kanye. Kubalulekile ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bazijwayele ngamathuluzi ukuze babone ukuthi i-hacker ingawasebenzisa kanjani kwinethiwekhi yabo.