Yeka ukuthi i-Skype izothatha kanjani izwi lakho kanye nedatha phezu kwe-Net
I-Skype ayidingi ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ngaphakathi ebhokisini noma ukuthi indlela yokuxhumana isebenza kanjani ngokusemthethweni. It inikeza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane isikhombikubona esihle ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo futhi mahhala. Kodwa izingqondo ezihlakaniphile ezinjengeyami, futhi mhlawumbe zakho (njengoba ufunda lokhu), awufuni ukuhlala ungacabangi ngokuphelele ngezinto zangaphakathi. Ekugcineni akuyona into enjalo uma unolwazi olusisekelo lwenethiwekhi. Ake sibone ukuthi izwi lakho lihamba kanjani uma ukhuluma nge-Skype nokuthi yini eguqukayo manje.
I-Skype ne-P2P
I-P2P imelela ozakwabo futhi iyindlela yokudlulisa idatha phezu kwe-intanethi isebenzisa amakhompiyutha namadivayisi abasebenzisi be-Skype (okubizwa ngezobuchwepheshe) njengezinsiza zokugcina okwesikhashana nokudlulisela idatha kwabanye abasebenzisi. I-Skype iqale ngokusekelwe kwiphrothokholi yayo ye-P2P ehloniphekile, ehlanganisa idivayisi ngayinye yomsebenzisi njengensiza yokudluliswa kwedatha kunethiwekhi.
I-Skype ihlonze amaphuzu athile njenge 'supernodes' okuzosiza ukukhomba futhi njengama-node wokuhumusha ikheli (i-NAT). Lezi nodes zikhethwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abahlukene, yebo ngaphandle kokuzazi kwabo, nge-algorithm eyenziwe ngokusekelwe ekuphumeni kwabo, azivinjelwe yizinhlelo zabo zokusebenza noma izibhamu, nokubuyekezwa kweprotocol ye-P2P.
Kungani P2P?
I-P2P inikeza izinzuzo eziningana, ikakhulukazi nge- VoIP . Ivumela insizakalo ukuba ihambisane namandla ngemuva kwezinsiza ezikhona kakade futhi ezingenakutholakala kwinethiwekhi. Lokhu kusindisa i-Skype kusukela kokusetha nokugcina amaseva angaphakathi ukuze kulawulwe futhi kudluliselwe idatha yezwi nevidiyo phezu kwe-intanethi. Isikhathi esithathiwe sokusesha kanye nezindawo zendawo kanye nezinsizakalo nciphisa kakhulu nge-P2P. Ngakho-ke isisetshenziswa somsebenzisi siyi-directory yomhlaba jikelele. Umsebenzisi ngamunye omusha oxhuma kwinethiwekhi ubonisa i-node enezidingo zayo zamanzi njengengqalasizinda ye-bandwidth ne-hardware, futhi okungenzeka i-supernode.
Kungani i-Skype ishintsha ku-Client-Server ne-Cloud Model
Imodeli ye-client-server ilula - umsebenzisi ngamunye iklayenti exhuma kuseva elawulwa yi-Skype ukucela isevisi. Amaklayenti axhuma kuma-server afana nalokhu ngendlela eyodwa kuya kweyingi. Futhi abaningi lapha kusho inani lempela langempela.
Lezi seva ziphethwe yi-Skype, ukuthi zibiza ngokuthi 'ama-supernode azinikezele', ukuthi zilawula nokuthi imingcele yazo engayisingatha, njengenani lamakhasimende axhumanisayo, ukuvikelwa kwedatha nokunye. Emuva ngo-2012, i-Skype isivele inezinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ezizinikezele izinkampani ezinikezwe inkampani, futhi kakade akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma iyiphi idivayisi yomsebenzisi okumele iphakanyiswe noma ikhethwe njenge-supernode ehloniphekile.
Yini eyayingalungile nge-P2P? Njengoba inani elikhulayo labasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngesikhathi sesondela, izigidi ezingu-50, ukusebenza kahle kwe-P2P kuye kwabuzwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuphuma okukhulu okubangelwa ukungakwazi ukubhekana nesimo. Umthamo ophezulu wama-node womsebenzisi ocela inkonzo udinga ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi eminingi nakakhulu.
I-Skype ibone ukwanda okukhulu kwenani labasebenzisi abavela kumapulatifomu ahlukahlukene nalawa maduze nje angafanelwe njenge-iOS, Android ne-BlackBerry. Manje, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamapulatifomu kanye ne-algorithm ukuqaliswa okunikezwe i-P2P okuyi-trickier kwandisa amathuba okuhluleka.
Esinye isizathu esithuthukisiwe yi-Skype sokuhamba kude ne-P2P kungukusebenza kahle kwebhethri kumadivayisi eselula. Le minyaka yamuva ibone ukunyuka kwenani labasebenzisi abasebenzisa iselula bathembele kuma-batteries abo ukuze baxoxe. Nge-P2P, lawa madivayisi weselula kufanele abe njalo emsebenzini wokuxhumana olamandla, njengoba bonke babezosebenza njengamakhadi asebenzayo. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuthi basebenzise okungaphezulu kwemininingwane yabo ye-3G noma ye-4G , ngaleyo ndlela bangadli nje ijusi yebhethri kuphela kodwa futhi kaningi badinga idatha ebiza. Abasebenzisi be-Skype be-Mobile, ikakhulukazi labo abanokuxhumana nabo abaningi kanye nezingxoxo eziningi zokuthumela imiyalezo, bazobona amadivayisi abo afudumele izandla zabo kanye nokukhipha ibhethri ngokushesha. I-client-server ne-cloud-computing model kulindeleke ukuthi ixazulule lokhu.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinkinga nokuphenywa kwaphakama kusuka kwe-NSA izambulo eziphathelene nokwaziswa kwe-wirepapping yokuxhumana kwe-Skype, abasebenzisi abaningi nabahlaziyi baphakamise amashiya abo ngokushintsha kusuka ku-P2P kuya ku-Skype elawulwa iklayenti le-client-server. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ushintsho lunezinye izisusa ngemuva? Ingabe idatha yabasebenzisi be-Skype ivikeleke kakhulu manje noma ngaphansi? Imibuzo ingaphenduliwe.