I-Bitcoin imali yedijithali ingaba sesikhwameni sakho sekusasa
I-Bitcoin - imali yokuqala yasebhange ye-intanethi - ikhona iminyaka eminingana manje futhi abantu abaningi banemibuzo ngabo. Bavelaphi? Ingabe ayomthetho ? Ungabatholaphi? Kungani bahlukanisa eB Bitcoin naseBitcoin Cash ? Nakhu okuyisisekelo okudingeka ukwazi.
I-Cryptocurrency ichazwe
I-Cryptocurrencies yizingqayizivele zekhodi yekhompiyutha ebambe inani lemali. Lezo zindlela zekhodi zakhiwe ugesi kanye namakhompiyutha aphezulu. I-Cryptocurrency nayo yaziwa nangokuthi idijithali . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi indlela, kuyindlela yemali yomphakathi yedijithali edalwe ngamakhompiyutha wezinhlamvu ezibuhlungu futhi ephoswe yizigidi zabasebenzisi bekhompuyutha okuthiwa 'abavukuzi'. Ngokwemvelo, akukho okumele ubambe nakuba ungashintsha i- crypto ukuze uthole imali .
'I-Crypto' ivela ku-cryptography yegama, inqubo yokuvikela esetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuthengiswa okuthumela imigqa yekhodi ukuthenga. I-Cryptography ibuye ilawule ukudalwa 'kwemali' entsha, igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inani elithile lekhodi. Kukhona ngokweqiniso ngokomzimba wamakhulu ezinhlamvu zemali manje; okuncane kuphela okukwazi ukukwazi ukutshala izimali.
Ohulumeni abanakho ukulawula ekudalweni kwezinto zokuzilibazisa, okuyilokho okwakuqala ukuzenza zidume kakhulu. Izingcingo eziningi zokuqala ziqala ngekhanda lemakethe engqondweni, okusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuzokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, okwenza ukuthi noma iyiphi imali ethile ibaluleke nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Kuyini Okuyi-Bitcoins?
I-Bitcoin yayiyi-currency yokuqala ye-cryptocoin eyake isungulwa. Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi ngubani owadala - ama-cryptocurrencies aklanyelwe ukungaziwa kahle - kodwa ama-bitcoins avele kuqala ngo-2009 evela kumthuthukisi okuthiwa u-Satoshi Nakamoto. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ushiyile futhi washiya inhlanhla yeBitcoin.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Bitcoin yayiyi-cryptocurrency yokuqala ekhona, zonke izimali zedijithali ezidalwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zibizwa nge-Altcoins, noma ezinye zemali. I-Litecoin , i- Peercoin , i- Feathercoin , i- Ethereum namanye amakhulu emali yonke i-Altcoins ngoba ayengeyona i-Bitcoin.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-Bitcoin yukuthi ingagcinwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kwi- hardware yendawo yomuntu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi isitoreji esibandayo futhi ivikela imali ekuthathwe abanye. Lapho imali igcinwa kwi-intanethi endaweni ethile (isitoreji esishisayo), kunengozi enkulu yokwebiwa.
Ehlangothini le-flip, uma umuntu elahlekelwa ukufinyelela kwi-hardware equkethe ama-bitcoins, imali isuke ishiyiwe phakade. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-30 zama-bitcoins alahlekile noma asebenziswanga yizimayini nabatshalizimali. Noma kunjalo, i-Bitcoins ihlala idumile kakhulu njenge-cryptocurrency edume kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okwenza i-Bitcoins iphikisana kakhulu
Izizathu ezihlukahlukene ziye zaguqukela ukwenza imali yeBitcoin ibe nomuzwa wangempela wezindaba.
Kusukela ngo-2011-2013, abathengisi bezobugebengu benza amaconsi adumile ngokuwathenga ngamaqoqo wezigidi zamaRandi ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisa imali ngaphandle kwamehlo okusebenza komthetho. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani lamabhitcoins linyuka.
Izikhwama, nazo, zikhona ngempela emhlabeni we-cryptocurrency. Abatshali bezintatheli nabanamathela ngokufanayo bangahle balahlekelwe amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamaRandi ukukhwabanisa.
Kodwa ekugcineni, ama-bitcoins nama-altcoins aphikisana kakhulu ngoba athatha amandla okwenza imali kude namabhange asezindaweni eziphakathi, futhi ayinike umphakathi jikelele. I-akhawunti ye-Bitcoin ayikwazi ukucwiliswa noma ukuhlolwa ngamadoda entela, futhi amabhange aphakathi nendawo ayadingekile neze ukuze amabhakede ahambe. Ukuqiniswa komthetho kanye nababhanki babona ama-bitcoins njengama-nuggets egolide endle, entshonalanga yasendle, ngaphesheya kokulawulwa kwamaphoyisa wendabuko kanye nezikhungo zezezimali.
Indlela i-Bitcoins isebenza ngayo
I-Bitcoins yizinhlamvu ze-virtual ngokuphelele ezenzelwe ukuba 'ziqukethe' ngokubaluleka kwazo, kungekho sidingo sokuba amabhange athuthe futhi agcine imali. Uma uqobo ungumnikazi we-bitcoins, ziziphatha njengemali yegolide engokwenyama: zinenani elikhulu futhi zithengisa njengokungathi ziyizigqoko zegolide ephaketheni lakho. Ungasebenzisa ama-bitcoins akho ukuthenga izimpahla namasevisi ku-intanethi , noma ungawaxosha futhi uthemba ukuthi inani lawo liyanda ngaphezu kweminyaka.
I-Bitcoins ithengiswa kusuka 'emalini' eyodwa kuya komunye. Isikhwama siyinsiza encane yomuntu oyilondoloze kukhompyutha yakho (ie isitoreji esibandayo), kwi- smartphone yakho, kuthebhulethi yakho, noma kwenye indawo efwini (isitoreji esishisayo).
Kuzo zonke izinhloso, ama-bitcoins ayamelana nemithi. Kuyinkimbinkimbi-kakhulu ukudala i-bitcoin, akuyona imali efanelekayo kubaqambi ukuphatha uhlelo.
I-Bitcoin Amanani Nemigomo
I-bitcoin eyodwa ihluka ngokubaluleka nsuku zonke; ungabheka izindawo ezifana ne-Coindesk ukubona inani lanamuhla. Kukhona ama-bitcoins angaphezu kwama-dollar amabili ayizigidi zamaRandi. I-Bitcoins izoyeka ukudalwa lapho inani eliphelele lifika ezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-21, okuzobe sekuyisikhathi esithile cishe ngonyaka ka-2040. Ngomnyaka ka-2017, ngaphezu kwengxenye yalezi zinambuzane zenziwe.
Imali ye-Bitcoin ayinqunyelwe ngokuphelele futhi ihlonishwa ngokuphelele . Ayikho ibhange likazwelonke noma i-national mint, futhi ayikho inkokhelo yomshuwalense we-deposit. Imali ngokwayo iqukethe futhi ayikho i-collateraled, okusho ukuthi ayikho insimbi eyigugu ngemuva kwama-bitcoins; inani le-bitcoin ngayinye lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-bitcoin ngayinye ngokwayo.
I-Bitcoins iqondiswa yi-'miners ', inethiwekhi enkulu yabantu abafaka amakhompyutha abo siqu kwinethiwekhi yeB Bitcoin. Abavukuzi basebenzela njengabagcini bezinkampani zokugcina amabhuku nabahloli bama-Bitcoin. Abavukuzi bakhokhelwa umsebenzi wabo wokuthola imali ngokuthola ama-bitcoins amasha ngesonto ngalinye abenezela kwinethiwekhi.
Indlela I-Bitcoins Elandelwa Ngayo
I-Bitcoin ithatha ifayela elilula le-drift data elibizwa nge- blockchain . I-blockchain ngayinye ihlukile kumsebenzisi ngamunye ngabanye kanye ne-bitcoin yakhe siqu.
Yonke imisebenzi ye-bitcoin ingene ngemvume futhi yenziwa itholakale embukisweni womphakathi, isiza ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bayo nokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa. Le nqubo isiza ukuvimbela ukuthengiselana okuvela kuphindwe futhi abantu abakopisha ama-bitcoins.
Qaphela: Yize zonke i-Bitcoin ziloba ikheli ledijithali lazo zonke izikhwama ezithintekayo, uhlelo lwe-bitcoin aluwubhale amagama abantu abanamakhokhithi. Ngokweqile, lokhu kusho ukuthi konke ukuthengiswa kwe-bitcoin kuqinisekisiwe ngamadijithali kodwa akungaziwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba abantu bengaboni kalula ukuthi ungubani, bangabona umlando wekhredithi yakho ye-bitcoin. Lokhu kuyinto enhle, njengoba umlando womphakathi uneza ukukhanya nokuvikeleka, kusiza ukuvimbela abantu ekusebenziseni ama-bitcoins ngezinjongo ezingathandeki noma ezingekho emthethweni.
Ukubhanka noma ezinye izindleko zokusebenzisa i-Bitcoins
Kunezinkokhelo ezincane kakhulu zokusebenzisa ama-bitcoins. Noma kunjalo, ayikho imali eqhubekayo yasebhange ne-bitcoin kanye nezinye i- cryptocurrency ngoba ayikho amabhange ahilelekile. Esikhundleni salokho, uzokhokha imali encane kumaqembu amathathu ezinsizakalo ze-bitcoin: amaseva (ama-node) asekela inethiwekhi yabasebenzi bamaminerali, ukushintshaniswa kwe- intanethi okuguqula ama-bitcoins akho abe ngama-dollar , namachibi amaminerali owajoyina.
Abanikazi bamanye amashadi wesiphakeli bazokhokhisa imali yokuthenga isikhathi esisodwa emasenti ambalwa njalo uma uthumela imali kuwo wonke ama-node abo, futhi ukuhwebelana nge-intanethi kuzokhokhisa ngokufanayo uma ubeka amakhokheni akho ku-dollar noma i-euro. Ukwengeza, amachibi amaningi okumboni azokhokhisa imali encane yokusekela amaphesenti noma acele umnikelo omncane kubantu abajoyina amachibi abo.
Ekugcineni, ngenkathi kunezindleko zokuqamba ukusebenzisa i-Bitcoin, imali yokuthengiselana kanye neminikelo yokudoba imayini yabiza kakhulu kunezindleko ezijwayelekile zebhange noma zokudluliselwa kwefoni.
Amaqiniso okukhiqiza we-Bitcoin
I-Bitcoins ingenziwa 'yenziwe' yinoma ubani emphakathini jikelele onomshini oqinile. I-Bitcoins yenziwe ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuzimela oluthakazelisayo kakhulu olubizwa nge-cryptocurrency izimayini kanye nabantu abenza lezi zemali kuthiwa abavukuzi . Kuyinto yokuzikhawulela ngoba ama-bitcoins ayizigidi ezingu-21 kuphela azoke avunyelwe ukuba khona, anezigidi ezingaba ngu-11 zalawo ma-Bitcoins asevele ambiwa futhi asakazwa njengamanje.
Imayini ye-Bitcoin ihlanganisa ukuyala ikhompyutha yakho yasekhaya ukusebenza ngehora ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga 'zobufakazi bokusebenza' (izinkinga zezibalo ezinzima). Inkinga ngayinye yezinhlelo ze-maths inesethi yezinkinga zamakhodi angu-64. Ikhompyutha yakho yedeskithophu, uma isebenza engavamile, ingase ikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga eyodwa yezinhlamvu ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, cishe isikhathi eside.
Ukuze uthole ama-bitcoins owodwa womshini wekhompiyutha, ungase uzuze mhlawumbe amasenti angu-50 kuya kuma-USD angu-75 ngosuku, unciphisa izindleko zikagesi.
Ngomvukuzi omkhulu kakhulu ogijima amakhompi angu-36 ngesikhathi esisodwa, lowo muntu angathola kuze kube ngu-$ 500 USD ngosuku, emva kwezindleko.
Ngempela, uma ungumvukuzi omncane onomshini owodwa webanga labathengi, cishe uzochitha ngaphezulu ugesi ozowuthola ama-bitcoins ezimayini. Imayini ye-Bitcoin inenzuzo enkulu kuphela uma uqhuba amakhompyutha amaningi, futhi ujoyine iqembu labavukuzi ukuhlanganisa amandla akho wehadiwe. Lezi zidingo ze-hardware ezivinjelwe kakhulu ingenye yezindlela ezinkulu zokuphepha ezivimbela abantu ekuzameni ukuphatha uhlelo lwe-Bitcoin.
Ukuphepha kwe-Bitcoin
Zivikelekile njengezinsimbi zenani eliyigugu. Njengokubamba isikhwama sezinhlamvu zemali zegolide, umuntu othatha izinyathelo eziqaphayo eziphephile uyobe ephephile ekubeni nekhompiyutha yakhe eyebiwe abaduni.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isikhwama sakho se-bitcoin singagcinwa ku-inthanethi (isib. Isevisi yefu) noma ungaxhunywanga (i-hard drive noma i- USB stick ). Indlela engaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inconywa ngokuphelele kunoma ubani onokwakheka ama-bitcoins angaphezu kwangu-1 noma amabili kodwa akuyona ingozi.
Ngaphezu kokungenwa kwe- hacker , ukulahlekelwa kwangempela kwengozi nge-bitcoins kuhloswe ukungaqiniseki isikhwama sakho ngekhophi ye-failsafe. Kukhona okubalulekile. ifayela elivuselelwe njalo uma uthola noma uthumela ama-bitcoins, ngakho-ke leli fayela le-.Dat kufanele likopishwe futhi ligcinwe njengempinda yokuphinda njalo ngosuku owenza ngayo ukuthengiselana.
Inothi lokuphepha : Ukuwa komsebenzi we-Mt.Gox bitcoin wokushintshanisa akubanga ngenxa yobuthakathaka ohlelweni lweBitcoin. Esikhundleni salokho, leyo nhlangano yawa ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle nokungafuni kwabo ukutshala noma yimaphi imali ngezinyathelo zokuphepha. I-Mt.Gox, yazo zonke izinhloso nezinhloso, yayinebhange elikhulu lingenabalindi bokuphepha, futhi likhokha intengo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-Bitcoins
Kukhona okwamanje izindlela ezintathu eziyaziwayo ukuthi imali ye-bitcoin ingasetshenziswa kabi.
1) Ubuthakathaka lobuchwepheshe - ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ekuqinisekiseni: ama- bitcoins angasetshenziswa kabili kwezinye izikhathi ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokuqinisekisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-bitcoins ahamba ngontanga, kuthatha amasekhondi ambalwa ukuze ukuthengiselana kuqinisekiswe kuwo wonke ama-computer we-P2P. Phakathi nale mizuzwana embalwa, umuntu ongathembeki osebenzisa ngokuchofoza ngokushesha angathumela ukukhokhwa kwesibili kwamatcoins afanayo kumamukeli ohlukile.
Ngenkathi uhlelo luzogcina lokubamba ukuchitha kabili futhi lunganaki ukuthengiswa kwesibili okungathembeki, uma umamukeli wesibili edlulisela izimpahla kumthengi ongathembeki ngaphambi kokuthola isiqinisekiso, lowo mamukeli wesibili uzolahlekelwa kokubili ukukhokha kanye nezimpahla.
2) Ukungathembeki kwabantu - abagqugquzeli bezinhlanzi abathatha izinhlamvu ezingenabulungisa : Ngenxa yokuthi imayini yezimayini izuzwa ngokuhlanganisa (ukujoyina iqembu lezinkulungwane zabanye abavukuzi), abahleli bezimbiza ngalinye bathola ilungelo lokukhetha ukuhlukanisa noma yikuphi ama-bitcoins atholakalayo . Abagqugquzeli bezimayini zeBitcoin bangabenza ngokungathembeki ukuthi bathathe ama-bitcoin amasheya ngokwabo.
3) Ukuphatha kabi abantu - ukuhwebelana kwe-intanethi: NgeMt. I-Gox eyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke, abantu abaqhuba ukuhwebelana okungalawulwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi okudayisa ukheshi ngamatcoins kungaba okungathembeki noma okungenakukwazi. Lokhu kufana no-Fannie Mae no-Freddie Mac amabhange okutshala izimali ahamba ngaphansi ngenxa yokungathembeki kwabantu nokungabi namakhono. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwebhange okuvamile kubambisene nabaningi basebhange, kuyilapho ukushintshaniswa kwezimali kungabikho umshuwalense wabasebenzisi.
Izizathu Ezinine Zokuthi I-Bitcoins Yenza Kakhulu Kangakanani
Kuningi lokuphikisana okuzungeze ama-bitcoins. Lezi yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani:
1) I-Bitcoins ayidalwanga yinoma yiliphi ibhange eliphakathi, futhi alilawulwa yimuphi uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, awekho amabhange asebenzisa ukunyakaza kwemali yakho, futhi i-ejenti yentela kahulumeni kanye namaphoyisa ayikwazi ukulandelela imali yakho. Lokhu kuzomele kuguqulwe ekugcineni, njengoba imali engalawulwayo ingozi yangempela ekulawulweni kukahulumeni, intela kanye nokuphoyisa.
Ngempela, ama-bitcoins asebe yithuluzi lokuhweba ngokweqile nokukhwabanisa imali, ngokuqondile ngenxa yokungabi khona kobuholi bukahulumeni. Ukubaluleka kwamatcoins kwavela esikhathini esedlule ngoba izigebengu ezicebile zithenga ama-bitcoins emikhulu eminingi. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho mthethonqubo, noma kunjalo, ungalahlekelwa kakhulu njengomvukuzi noma umtshali-zimali.
2) I-Bitcoins ibhidliza ngokuphelele amabhange. I-Bitcoins idluliselwa nge inethiwekhi yontanga phakathi kweyodwa, engekho ibhange eliphakathi ukuze uthathe ucezu.
I-Bitcoin i-wallet ayikwazi ukuthathwa noma iqhwa noma ihlolwe ngamabhange nokusetshenziswa komthetho. I-Bitcoin izikhwama azikwazi ukuchitha nemingcele yokuzihoxisa. Kuzo zonke izinhloso: akekho umuntu ngaphandle komnikazi wekhredithi ye-bitcoin enquma ukuthi ingcebo yabo izophathwa kanjani.
Lokhu kusongela kakhulu amabhange, njengoba ungase ucabange.
3) I-Bitcoins iyashintsha indlela esigcina ngayo nokusebenzisa ingcebo yethu. Kusukela ekufikeni kwemali ephrintiwe (futhi ekugcineni ebonakalayo), umhlaba unike amandla amandla emali kuya emineni ephakathi kanye namabhange ahlukahlukene. Lezi zibhange ziphrinta imali yethu ebonakalayo, zigcina imali yethu yangempela, zithuthele imali yethu yangempela, futhi zisitshele izinsizakalo zabo eziphakathi.
Uma amabhange adinga imali engaphezulu, amane athrinta ngaphezulu noma adonse amadijithi amaningi kuma-ledgers awo e-elekthronikhi. Lolu hlelo luhlukumezwa kalula futhi ludlala ngamabhange ngoba imali yamaphepha i-paper isheke ngokucophelela iphepha ngesithembiso sokuba nenani, ngaphandle kwegolide langempela elibonakalayo ngemuva kwezigcawu zokubuyisela lezo zithembiso.
I-Bitcoins yenzelwe ukubeka ukulawula kwengcebo yomuntu ezandleni zomuntu ngamunye. Esikhundleni sekhasi noma izilinganiso zebhange ezibonakalayo ezithembisa ukuthi zizoba nenzuzo, i-Bitcoins yizimaphakheji zangempela zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi eziba nenani ngokwabo.
4) I- Bitcoin yokuthengiselana ayinakuguqulwa. Izindlela zokukhokha ezivamile, njengezindleko zekhadi lesikweletu, ukuhlelwa kwebhange, ukuhlolwa komuntu siqu, noma ukudluliselwa kwefayili, kunenzuzo yokuthola inshuwalense nokuguqulwa ngamabhange ahilelekile. Uma kwenzeka ama-bitcoins, njalo lapho ama-bitcoins ashintsha izandla futhi ashintsha izikhwama, umphumela uwukugcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho ukuvikelwa komshwalense we-wallet yakho ye-bitcoin: Uma ulahlekelwa idatha yakho yesikhwama se-wallet noma ngisho nephasiwedi yakho ye-wallet, khumbula: okuqukethwe kwakho kwekhredithi kuhlulekile phakade.