Futhi Ziyini 'Izingubo Ezinzima' kanye 'Neziqhumane'?
I-hacker ngumsebenzisi we-tech-savvy owenza futhi ahambise amasistimu ekhompyutheni ukwenzela ukuba enze okungahlosiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukhwabanisa kuhloniphekile, ngenhloso yokudala into enenzuzo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhwabanisa kunzima futhi kwenziwe ngenhloso embi yokulimaza abantu ngokusebenzisa ukwebiwa kwezazisi noma omunye umonakalo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayele ukuhlukumezeka kuka-1980: isenzo sobugebengu esibi esikude . Ngesikhathi lesi sici sichaza ngempela abaculi bamanje 'abamnyama', kukhona i-subset yabaduni abangewona izigebengu. Eqinisweni, kukhona abaduni abaningi abasebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngokuhle
Namuhla, i-'Hacker 'iyiMibhalo ehlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu:
- Abaqaphi be-Black Hat ': izigebengu nabenzi bokubi.
- Abaqaphi be-White Hat ': Abahlaseli bokuziphatha abasebenzayo ukuvikela izinhlelo nabantu.
- Abaqaphi beGrey Hat ': badabuka kokubili isikhwama esimnyama nesigqoko esimhlophe.
01 ka 05
Abaqaphi be-Classic 'Black Hat' = Abagebengu / Abaphula umthetho
Lena yinkomba ye-classic ye-hacker: umsebenzisi wekhompiyutha oqeda ngokuzithandela noma oweba ngamanethiwekhi omunye abantu.
'Isikhumba somnyama' kuyindlela ehlelekile yokuchaza izisusa zabo ezinonya. Izigqoko ezimnyama zinezintandokazi kodwa abasebenzisi bekhompyutha abangenabuchwepheshe abakhuthazwa imizwa yamandla nokuphindisela okuncane. Ziyi-thugs zomboni kuwo wonke umqondo wezwi, futhi zihlanganyela nezici zobuntu ezifana nezintsha ezithinteka ngokomzwelo ezishaya amafasitela okuma ibhasi ukuze zaneliseke ngokwabo.
Abaduni bezinqola ezimnyama baziwa ngenxa yama-cybercrime ajwayelekile:
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe- DDOS (ukukhukhula) okulimaza amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha.
- Ukubiwa kwe-Identity
- Ukuchithwa kwempahla yezinhlelo
- Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezibhubhisayo , njengezibungu
02 ka 05
'Abahlukumezi bezimpawu zokuziphatha ze-White Hat' = Abachwepheshe bezokuThuthukiswa koNethiwekhi
Ngokungafani nabaduni bezinqola ezimnyama zakudala, abashayeli bezinqola ezimhlophe baqhutshwa yizikhuthazo ezihloniphekile, noma zingama-mercenaries asebenzela ama-ajenda ahloniphekile. Eyaziwa nangokuthi 'abahlukumezi bokuziphatha,' izigqoko ezimhlophe zikhona abasebenzisi abanokuphepha bekhompiyutha abanekhono ngokuvamile abaqashiwe ukusiza ukuvikela amanethiwekhi wekhompuyutha.
Ezinye izigqoko ezimhlophe zishintshiwe izigqoko ezimnyama, njengalabo ababenecala abasebenza emsebenzini njengabagcini bezokuphepha esitolo. Ngenkathi bona ngokwabo bebengaba yizici esikhathini esidlule, ukubizwa kwabo okwamanje kubhekwa njengesicu esimhlophe.
Abaduni bezenzo zokuziphatha bashukunyiswa ukukhokha okuqhubekayo. Akumangazi ukubona abakhohlisi bokuziphatha bechitha lezo zindlela zokukhokha kuma-computer abo abizayo kakhulu ekuphileni kwabo, ngakho-ke bangadlala imidlalo yase-intanethi ngemuva komsebenzi. Uma nje benomsebenzi okhokhela kahle ukusekela imikhuba yabo siqu, i-hacker yokuziphatha evame ukugqugquzela ukubhubhisa noma ukweba umqashi wabo.
Inothi elikhethekile: abanye abaduni bamhlophe abagibeli bezimoto 'bahlaseli bezemfundo'. Lawa angabasebenzi bekhompuyutha abangenasithakazelo esincane ekuvikeleni izinhlelo, futhi banesithakazelo esikhulu ekudaleni izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile kanye nama-interfaces amahle. Isisusa sabo ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ngokushintshwa kanye nezengezo. Abaduni bezemfundo bangaba ama-hobbyists abathandayo, noma bangaba ingcweti enomshini wekhompyutha esebenza ngezinga eliphezulu labo abafundela iziqu.
03 ka 05
'Grey Hat Hackers' = Uphikisana, Ungaqiniseki ukuthi yikuphi okushiwo uMthetho
Abaduni abagqoko abagijimi bavame ukuzithokozisa ngamakhono obuchwepheshe obuphakathi. Lawa ma-hobbyist ajabulela ukuhlukumeza nokushintsha ama-computer abo ngenjabulo yokuzilibazisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bangadabuka emacaleni amancane amakhola amhlophe njengewabelana ngefayela kanye ne-software yokuqhafaza. Ngempela, uma ungumlandi we-P2P, uhlobo lwe-hacker hacker.
Abaduni abagqoko abagijimi abajwayele ukuzama ukuba abacashi bezinqola ezimnyama.
04 ka 05
Izigaba ezingezansi zabahlaseli: I-Script Kiddies ne-Hacktivists
- I-Script Kiddies: leli yigama elihlekayo labaduni abanamakhono abangenalwazi. Izingane zeskripthi zingaba isicu esimhlophe, isikhwama esimnyama, noma isicu esiphezulu.
- I-Hacktivists: lena yi-hacker futhi olwa nomlweli wokulwa nomphakathi ngenhloso. Abanye abantu bangaphikisana ngokuthi abaduni abadumile njengoLulzsec no-Anonymous kuyi-hacktivists elwa nokukhohlakala kukahulumeni nokungahambi kahle kwebhizinisi. I-Hacktivists ingaba isicu esimhlophe, isikhwama esimnyama, noma isicu esiphezulu.
05 ka 05
Okuningi mayelana nabasebenzisi bekhompyutha
Ukukhwabanisa ngekhompuyutha kuyagxiliwe yizindaba, futhi izindaba ezimbalwa zomphakathi zinikela abaduni ngendlela efanelwe ngayo. Ngenkathi ama-movie amaningi nemidlalo ye-TV yabathengi bengenangqondo, ungase uthathe ukubukela uMnu. Robot uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi yiziphi i-hacktivists ezenzayo.
Wonke umsebenzisi wewebhu we-savvy kufanele azi mayelana nabantu abangalungile kwiWebhu. Ukuqonda ukuhlaselwa okuvamile kwe-hacker kanye nokukhwabanisa kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde ngokuhlakanipha ku-inthanethi nangokuzethemba.
Okuhlobene: ngaphandle abaduni, nangu abanye abantu ababi kakhulu kwiWebhu Yonke Yezwe .