Indlela idatha yakho igcinwa ngayo ngasese kuwebhu
Esikhathini esedlule, imigomo efana nokubethela kokuphela kokuphela kungaba yilabo geek kuphela futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ngolimi lwabantu ababekiwe. Abaningi bethu angeke bakhathazeke befuna ukwazi ngakho futhi belifuna kuyi-intanethi. Namuhla, ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela kuyingxenye yokuphila kwedijithali yakho yansuku zonke. Empeleni yiyona ndlela yokugcina yokuvikela evikelekile idatha yakho ebucayi neyimfihlo ku-intanethi, njengenombolo yakho yekhadi lesikweletu ngesikhathi sokuthengiselana, noma ucingo oluthathwa nge-wiretapped.
Manje ngokukhathazeka kwezwe jikelele mayelana nokuzimela komuntu kubangelwa, abaduni baxosha kuwo wonke amakhoneni, futhi ohulumeni bazama ukuxhumana nabo ngasese, ukushaya nge-intanethi, iVoIP kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo ziqukethe ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela. Kwaba inkulumo evamile lapho i- WhatsApp ikuletha kubasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidigidi; ngemuva kokulandelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Threema ne-Telegram, phakathi kwabanye. Kulesi sihloko, sizobona ukuthi yikuphi ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani emibhalweni elula nalokho okwenzela khona.
Ukubethela okuchazwe
Ngaphambi kokufinyelela engxenyeni 'ekupheleni kokuphela', ake sibone kuqala ukuthi ukubethela okudala okulula kuyini. Umzabalazo wokulondeka kwedatha kanye nokwangasese ku-intanethi yimpi elwa ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa ekugcineni, iphephezela lokhu: noma nini lapho uthumela idatha yangasese kwenye ikhompyutha noma iseva kwi-Inthanethi, owenza izikhathi eziningi ngosuku , kufana nomama obomvu wokugibela umkhumbi kumthumela kunogogo ngaphesheya kwezingodo. Lezi zinkuni, okumele azithelele yodwa ngaphandle kokuzivikela, inezimpisi nezinye izingozi ezimbi kakhulu kunempisi yendaba yokulala.
Uma usithumele amaphakethe wedatha wekholi yakho yezwi, ingxoxo, i-imeyli noma inombolo yekhadi lesikweletu ngaphezu kwehlathi le-intanethi, awunakho ukulawula ukuthi ubani obanika izandla. Lona uhlobo lwe-intanethi. Yilokho okwenza izinto eziningi zigijima kuwo mahhala, kufaka phakathi i- Voice over IP , okunika izingcingo zamahhala. Ama-data akho namaphakethe wezwi adlula kuma-server amaningi angaziwa, ama-routers, namadivayisi lapho kunoma iyiphi i-hacker, umfowethu omkhulu noma i-agent yombuso eqondile angayithatha. Ungakuvikela kanjani idatha yakho? Faka ukubethela, isenzo sokugcina.
Ukubethela kubandakanya ukuguqula idatha yakho efomini elinyathelisiwe kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yiliphi iqembu liyakulandela ukulifunda, liqonde futhi lenze umqondo walo, ngaphandle komamukeli okuhloswe kuye. Uma sifinyelela kulo mamukeli ofanelekile, idatha ekhishweyo ishintshiwe emuva kwifomu layo langempela futhi ifundeka ngokuphelele futhi iqondakala futhi. Le nqubo yokugcina ibizwa ngokuthi i-decryption.
Ake sigcwalise i-glossary. Idatha engabhalwanga ibizwa ngokuthi umbhalo ocacile; Idatha encrypted ibizwa ngokuthi i-cyphertext; indlela yokwenza ikhompyutha noma iresiphi egijima kudatha ukuyibethela ibizwa ngokuthi i-algorithm yokubethela - isofthiwe nje esisebenza kumininingwane ukuyihlahlela. Isihluthulelo sokubhaliwe sisetshenziselwa i-algorithm ukukhazamisa ukukhalaza okunjalo okhiye olungakwesokudla okudingekayo kanye ne-algorithm ukuchithwa kwedatha. Ngakho-ke, kuphela iqembu eliphethe isihluthulelo lingathola ukufinyelela kwedatha yasekuqaleni. Qaphela ukuthi ukhiye luyizintambo eziningana kakhulu zezinombolo ongadingeki uzikhumbule noma unakekele, njengoba isofthiwe yenza konke.
Ukubethela , noma njengokwaziwa ngaphambi kwenkathi yedijithali, ukubethelwa kwe-cryptography, kuye kwasetshenziswa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu. AmaGibhithe lasendulo ayevame ukucindezela ama-hieroglyphs awo ukuvimbela abantu abaphansi abavela ezintweni eziqondayo. Ukubethelwa kwamanje nesayense kwafika eminyakeni ephakathi ne-Arab mathematician Al-Kindi owabhala incwadi yokuqala ngale ndaba. Kwaba sína ngempela futhi yaqhubeka phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngomshini we-Enigma futhi yasiza kakhulu ekunqobeni amaNazi ezimweni eziningi.
Manje, ukuthumela imibiko yokuqala kanye nokubiza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziza nokubethela kokuphela kokuphela kuzokuvela eJalimane, lapho abantu bakhathazeke ngokukhethekile ngobumfihlo babo. Izibonelo yiTelegram neThriema. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungase kuqhutshwe ukuhlaselwa kwamakholi aseKhansela kaMakhansela kaMerkel asetshenziswe yi-US. Futhi, uJan Koum, umsunguli we-WhatsApp, ukhulume ngesizinda sakhe sasebusika baseRussia futhi yonke inhloli yezemidlalo yayihilelekile njengesinye sezici zokushayela ngokuzimisela kwakhe ukuphoqa ubumfihlo ngokusebenzisa ukubethela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwakhe, okwakungakapheli isikhathi eside.
Ukubethelwa kwe-Symmetric ne-Asymmetric
Ungayinaki imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi. Sifuna nje ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwezincazelo ezimbili zomqondo olula. Nasi isibonelo sokubonisa indlela ukubethela okusebenza ngayo.
UTom ufuna ukuthumela umyalezo wangasese kuHarry. Umlayezo udluliselwe nge-algorithm yokubethela futhi, usebenzisa isihluthulelo, kubhalwe ngekhodi. Ngenkathi i-algorithm itholakala kunoma ubani ongakwazi ukukwazi ukwenza i-geeky ngokwanele, njengoDick ofuna ukwazi lokho okushiwo, ukhiye uyimfihlakalo phakathi kukaTom noHarry. Uma u-Dick umqapheli ekwazi ukumelana nomlayezo ku-cyphertext, ngeke akwazi ukuyibuyisela emuva kumyalezo wangempela ngaphandle kokuba abe nenhlanhla, engayifuni.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubethela okulinganiselwe, lapho ukhiye ofanayo usetshenziselwa ukubethela nokubethelwa kokubili. Lokhu kubangela inkinga njengoba zombili amaqembu afanelekayo kufanele abe nesihluthulelo, okungase kuhilele ukuyithumela ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, ngaleyo ndlela eveze itholakale. Ngakho-ke akusebenzi kuwo wonke amacala.
Ukubethelwa kwe-asymmetric yisisombululo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezikhiye zisetshenziselwa iqembu ngalinye, ukhiye owodwa womphakathi kanye nesikhiye esisodwa sangasese, ukuthi iqembu ngalinye linomkhiqizo womphakathi kanye nesikhiye sangasese. Izihluthulelo zomphakathi zitholakalayo kubo bobabili amaqembu, nakwabanye abantu, njengoba amaqembu amabili ahlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela izinkamba zawo zomphakathi ngaphambi kokuxhumana. UTom usebenzise ukhiye womphakathi kaHarry ukubethela umlayezo, okwamanje ungasuswa kuphela usebenzisa lokhu (ukhiye kaHarry) womphakathi kanye nesikhiye sangasese sikaHarry.
Lokhu kukhiye wangasese kuyatholakala kuphela kuHarry futhi kungabikho omunye umuntu, ngisho nakuTom umthumeli. Lesi sici yilona isici esisodwa esingenza kube nzima kunoma yiliphi elinye iqembu ukuchofoza umlayezo ngoba asikho isidingo sokuthumela ukhiye wangasese ngaphezulu.
Ukucaciswa kokubethela kokuphela kokuphela
Ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela kusebenza njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, futhi ukuqaliswa kokubethelwa kwe-asymmetric. Njengoba igama lisho ukuthi, ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela kuvikela idatha yokuthi ingafundwa kuphela ekugcineni, ngomthumeli, nangomamukeli. Akekho omunye ongakwazi ukufunda idatha encrypted, kuhlanganise abaduni, ohulumeni, ngisho neseva lapho idatha idlula khona.
Ukubethela kokuphela kokugcina kufaka izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Cabangela abasebenzisi ababili be-WhatsApp abaxhumana ngokuthumela umlayezo osheshayo noma ukubiza nge-intanethi. Idatha yabo idlula iseva ye-WhatsApp ngenkathi isuka komunye umsebenzisi ukuya komunye. Kweminye imisebenzi eminingi enikezela ukubethela, idatha ibhalwa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kodwa ivikelwe kuphela ngaphandle kwabangenayo abafana nabaduni. Insizakalo ingayinqamula idatha kumaseva awo futhi ayisebenzise. Bangakwazi ukunikela idatha kubantu besithathu noma kumagunya okuphoqa umthetho. Ukubethela kokuphela kokugcina kugcina idatha ibhaliwe, ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwenqubo, ngisho naseseva nakwezinye izindawo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma befuna, insizakalo ayikwazi ukungena futhi yenza noma yini nedatha. Iziphathimandla zomthetho kanye nohulumeni ziphakathi kwalabo abangakwazi ukufinyelela idatha, ngisho nokugunyazwa. Ngokwemvelo, akekho ongakwazi, ngaphandle kwalabo ababambe iqhaza emaphethelweni amabili.
Indlela yokusebenzisa ukubethelwa kokuphela kokuphela
Empeleni awusebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenzisa ukuphela kokuphela futhi awunakho okumele ukwenze ukuze ulibeke ukusebenza. Izinsizakalo ngemuva, isofthiwe nezindlela zokuphepha zewebhu zizinakekele.
Isibonelo, isiphequluli lapho ufunda khona sihlomele amathuluzi okubhala okuphela kokuphela, futhi asebenza lapho uhlanganyela emsebenzini we-intanethi ofuna ukuthola idatha yakho ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo lapho uthenga okuthile ku-intanethi usebenzisa ikhadi lakho lesikweletu. Ikhompyutha yakho idinga ukuthumela inombolo yekhadi lesikweletu kumthengisi ngaphesheya kwezwe. Ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela kuqinisekisa ukuthi wena kuphela nekhompiyutha noma isevisi yomthengisi ungafinyelela inombolo eyimfihlo.
I-Secure Socket Layer (i-SSL), noma inguqulo yakamuva ye-Transport Layer Security (TLS), iyinqubo yokubethela kwewebhu. Uma ufaka isayithi elinikezela ukubethela idatha yakho - kuvame ukuba amasayithi aphatha imininingwane yakho yangasese njengemininingwane yomuntu, amaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu njll - kunezibonakaliso ezibonisa ukuphepha nokuphepha.
Ku-bar yekheli, i-URL iqala ngo- https: // esikhundleni se- http : // , ukuma okungeziwe kokuvikelekile . Uzobona futhi isithombe endaweni ethile ngekhasi le-Symantec (umnikazi we-TLS) ne-TLS. Lesi sithombe, uma uchofoziwe, sivula i-pop-up eqinisekisa ubuqiniso besayithi. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Symantec zinikeza izitifiketi zedijithali kumawebhusayithi wokubethela.
Izingcingo zezwi nezinye izokuxhumana nazo zivikelwe ngokusebenzisa ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza eziningi. Uzuza kusuka kubumfihlo bokubethela ngokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana.
Incazelo ekhonjisiwe yokubethela kokuphela kokuphela ilula futhi ichaza ngokuyisisekelo isimiso esiyisisekelo ngemuva, kodwa ngokwenza, kunzima kakhulu kunalokho. Kukhona amazinga amaningi laphaya ukubethela, kodwa awufuni ngempela ukujula.
Kungcono ufune ukucabanga ngombuzo ngokuqinisekile engqondweni yakho manje: ingabe ngidinga ukubethela? Yebo, hhayi njalo, kodwa yebo uyenzile. Mhlawumbe sidinga ukubethela ngokuphindaphindiwe kunathi. Kuxhomeke kulokho okudlulisela ekukhulumisaneni kwakho siqu. Uma unayo izinto ozifihlayo, uzobe ubonga ngokukhona kokubethela kokuphela kokuphela.
Abaningi abawutholi kubalulekile kwi-WhatsApp yabo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IM, futhi bafaka kuphela izingxoxo nabangani nomndeni. Ubani ongayinakekela ukuze ahlole nathi ngenkathi kunabantu abanye abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane bekhuluma? Kodwa-ke, sonke sidinga lapho senza ibhange noma i-e-commerce ukuthengiselana online. Kodwa-ke, uyazi, awukwazi ukukhetha. Ukubethela kwenzeka ngaphandle kokwazi, futhi abantu abaningi abazi futhi abanandaba uma idatha yabo ibhalwe ngekhodi.